Change
Change
Change
Understand Scope :
• Organizational structure
Like creating new ministry or merging two of them
• Technology change
- Work process and methodologies
For example hiring process From newspaper ads to online posting and using Talent Management
Systems
Or summer internship to select best candidates
Marketing campaign process
• People change
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TOOLS to understand requirement of change
1- Fish Bone
Start with analysis of 6 areas to Identify the issues that is currently facing the organization in areas like
( process , people , material, equipment , management (policy and rules) , environment( external) )
People - are they qualified enough - do they need skill upgrade / training ?
Do they need more people ?
Is there conflict between them ? Is the leadership style is proper for them ?
Pareto principal
○ 80% of the issues will be related to one of the above areas , 20% will be related to other causes
That is why focusing on the right cause will improve the outcomes significantly
2- Five (5) Whys: get to the original root cause of each cause up to 5 stages
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•
Mostly unplanned
Types of Changes
• Planned change (mostly come from Internal drivers):- planned change is change resulting from a deliberate decision to
alter the organization. It is an intentional, goal – oriented activity.
• Unplanned change( mostly come from external drivers):- unplanned change is imposed on the organization & is often
unforeseen/unexpected.
Example : change in government regulation, change in the economy
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Kotter Change
Process
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•
1- Increase urgency :show that there is a need for urgent change , show the value of the change
2- Built the guiding team(the nucleus) coalition of people who follow you and share same view they are
the believers and the leaders of the change in the next stages
3- Get the right vision define the common vision with the guiding team and how it will be in the future
1- Communicate the buy in- what in it for me(WIIFM) --> sell the idea(critical) with the help of using
the guiding team get the optimal number of people around the opportunity that this change
offers( Volunteer Army )
2- Empower Action and remove obstacles :get support and authority from management and also
empower the leader team
3- Creating short term wins: show the good results so far periodically communicate these results show
what is the benefits for people and organization
1- Don't let up (keep going ) sustain the change - it must be completed till the target
half changes are disasters it will increase resistance factor in the next changes
2- Make it stick (The changes should become part of the core of your organization to have a lasting
effect. Keeping senior stakeholders on board, encouraging new employees to adopt the changes and
celebrating individuals who adopt the change will all help to promote the change .(Institute change -
Replace old habits and traditions with new behaviors and organizational success)
○ Sponsors : member from high level management who provide formal support ( authority , Budget ,
Approval …)
This member must be defined before the change, they provide authority for the change team the level of
the management is according to the changes scope
○ Supportive team members that provide any type of support mostly all the members are supportive
Counselors they are advisors consulting for certain areas they provide expert view
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○ Counselors they are advisors consulting for certain areas they provide expert view
○ Accountable owners of the result of certain parts of the change plan
○ Individual sources of resistance to change reside in basic human characteristics such as perceptions,
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personalities & needs.
○ Group Resistance : Group alliance that share same interest and fear of loss of same benefits
○ Organizational Resistance :
Resource constraint: Low Financial , material or human resources
Structural factors Ex: in bureaucratic structure, change would be difficult.
Internal political factors
C-TENS-M
• Communication and participation: hello word dissipation of employees in the change
definition to feel that they are part of the change
• Training and education providing the stakeholders with the right training to increase the
readiness for the change
• Employee support : accepting errors at the beginning of the change.
• Negotiation: determining what are the requirement to achieve the target, provide some
trade off and win-win situation, But don't let the wind on individual agreements
• Stress management & Coercion , using coaching , rewarding and coercive power to
•
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• Manipulation and Cooperation: provide win-win situation, But don't depend on
individual agreements
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