Kasdi Merbah University -Ouargla Drilling and Oilfield Mechanics Department

Basic definitions: Computer Science ‫إعالم آلي‬

Computer

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Basic definitions: Computer system ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

Matériels Programmes

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

HARDWARE

‫المعدات‬

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

40 5*8=?

PROCESSOR

Processor : is the component that performs processing

CPU (central processing unit)

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

8 688 543 * 16 = ?

PROCESSOR RAM

R.A.M : the computer's ram

Random Access Memory

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

R.A.M : : is a short-term memory

RAM

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

RAM 543 * 16 = ?
8 688
PROCESSOR

HARD DISK

Hard Disk : high-capacity magnetic storage memory

HDD Hard Disk Drive
SSD Solid State Drive
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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

RAM 543 * 16 = ?
8 688
PROCESSOR

HARD DISK

Hard Disk : support for storing results and reading data

Slow memory

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

RAM

PROCESSOR

HARD DISK MOTHERBOARD

Motherboard : : interconnection support for computer components

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

RAM
PROCESSOR

HARD DISK MOTHERBOARD

Motherboard: Socket (fixing the components) + Charger (supplying the components

with electricity) + Filter (managing the exchange between the components))

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

RAM
PROCESSOR
Exploit Introduce
the results the data

HARD DISK MOTHERBOARD

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

OUTPUT INPUT
PERIPHERALS/DEVICES PERIPHERALS/DEVICES

Peripherals : the equipment that is on the periphery of the computer

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

COMPUTER

Peripherals : the equipment that is on the periphery of the computer

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

General structure of a computer

To understand the operating principle of a computer, we must first explain its

logical structure. This structure allows us to explain, in a summary way, how a
program is executed and how it processes data.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

CPU (Central Process Unit – Unité de Traitement Centrale)

Block diagram of Computer

Van Neumann

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

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 Kasdi Merbah University -Ouargla Drilling and Oilfield Mechanics Department

Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Microprocessor - Processing Unit ‫وحدة المعالجة‬

✓ It is the main organ or the brain of the computer (microprocessor).

✓ It processes the information entered into memory.
✓ It contains: - a Control Unit U.C ‫وحدة التحكم‬
- an Arithmetic and Logic Unit A.L.U ‫وحدة الحساب والمنطق‬

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Control Unit ‫وحدة التحكم‬

✓ It is the intelligent part of the microprocessor.

✓ It allows to fetch the instructions of a program located in the memory.
✓ to interpret them and then
✓ to route the data to the A.L.U for processing.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Arithmetic and Logic Unit A.L.U ‫وحدة الحساب والمنطق‬

✓ composed of a set of circuits (memory registers) responsible for executing

arithmetic operations (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division) and
logical operations (and, or, not).

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Memory ‫ذاكرة‬

Main Auxiliary/secondary
Internal External

RAM

ROM

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Memory ‫ذاكرة‬

Mémoire vive RAM-Random Acess Memory

✓ Reading/Writing of data.
✓ Volatile/ temporary.

‫ذاكرة قراءة وكتابة مؤقتة‬

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Memory ‫ذاكرة‬

Mémoire morte ROM-Read Only Memory

✓ Reading only of data.

✓ Permanent ‫دائمة‬.

‫ذاكرة قراءة فقط‬

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Memory ‫ذاكرة‬

Mémoire secondaire Auxiliary Memory

✓ to store large quantities

of information.

‫ذاكرة ثانوية‬

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Memory ‫ذاكرة‬

Mémoire secondaire Auxiliary Memory

‫ذاكرة ثانوية‬

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Peripherals ‫األجهزة الطرفية أو الملحقات‬

Inputs

✓ to transmit information to the computer.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Peripherals ‫األجهزة الطرفية أو الملحقات‬

Outputs

✓ To receive information from the computer to the

outside.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Peripherals ‫األجهزة الطرفية أو الملحقات‬

Inputs/Outputs

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 Kasdi Merbah University -Ouargla Drilling and Oilfield Mechanics Department

Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Peripherals ‫األجهزة الطرفية أو الملحقات‬

Inputs/Outputs

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

✓ The motherboard is the nervous system of the PC.

✓ Its main function is to connect the various components that make up the
computer (processor, central memory, peripherals, etc.).
✓ It contains important elements such as:
– BIOS.
–CMOS Battery.
– Buses.
– Chipset.
– Ports, Connectors.

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 Kasdi Merbah University -Ouargla Drilling and Oilfield Mechanics Department

Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

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 Kasdi Merbah University -Ouargla Drilling and Oilfield Mechanics Department

Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

BIOS ‫نظام اإلدخال واإلخراج األساسي‬

✓ The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is present on all motherboards.

✓ The BIOS’s function is to manage the exchanges between the motherboard
and the operating system (Windows, Linux...etc.) and to allow the machine to
start/boot.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

The CMOS battery ‫بطارية‬

✓ When you turn off the computer, the CMOS

(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
keeps the time and all the settings that will allow
it to start up correctly..
✓ The CMOS is a slow memory, but it uses very little
power, that's why it's used in our standby battery-
powered PCs.

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 Kasdi Merbah University -Ouargla Drilling and Oilfield Mechanics Department

Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

The chipset ‫الشرائح‬

✓ The chipset (translate as set of components or set of circuits) is an

electronic circuit responsible for coordinating data exchanges between the
various computer’s components (processor, memory, etc.).

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

The chipset ‫الشرائح‬

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 Kasdi Merbah University -Ouargla Drilling and Oilfield Mechanics Department

Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

The chipset ‫الشرائح‬

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

The bus ‫الناقل‬

✓ All newer motherboards have buses integrated into them..

✓ A bus is an integrated circuit on the motherboard that facilitates the flow of
data between the different PC components (RAM, graphics card, USB, etc.).

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

Generally, there are two main buses in a computer: system bus and expansion bus

a. The system bus (also known as the internal bus or front-side bus, denoted FSB).

This bus allows the processor to communicate with the central memory of the
system (RAM).

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

b. The expansion bus (sometimes called the input/output bus) .

This bus allows various components of the motherboard (USB, serial, parallel, PCI-
connected cards, hard drives, CD-ROM drives and burners, etc.) to communicate
with each other, but it mainly allows the addition of new peripherals through the
expansion connectors (called slots) connected to the input/output bus.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

b. The expansion bus :

➢ The serial bus
➢ The USB bus
➢ The P-ATA (IDE) bus
➢ The SATA bus
➢ The PCI bus
➢ The PCI Express bus
➢ The AGP bus
➢ The FIREWIRE bus
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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The serial bus

It leads to the port used to connect a mouse or a keyboard, gaming devices, etc.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The parallel bus

It communicates with the parallel port, which is used to connect:

- scanners,
- printers,
- external burners, etc.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The Universal Serial Bus (USB)

It connects to the USB port, which is used to connect almost all peripherals on the
market:
- webcams,
- modems, printers,
- scanners, game controllers (joysticks) ...

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The P-ATA bus (IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics)

The P-ATA (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment) bus connects the PC with the
hard drive, CD-ROM drives, DVD drives, floppy drives, ...

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The S-ATA bus (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)

Serial-ATA (also known as SATA or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a

standard bus for connecting high-speed storage devices to PCs.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The FireWire bus (IEEE 1394)

It is a high-speed computer data-transfer interface that was used to connect personal

computers, audio and video devices, and other professional and consumer electronics. It
equipped on certain computers, that allows the connection of devices (especially digital
cameras) at very high speed (similar to USB, but much more efficient). The devices that can be
connected to this type of port are rare (and expensive).

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The PCI bus (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

It connects the PC with expansion cards (sound card, network card, ...).
The PCI-X bus is the second generation of the PCI bus.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The PCI-Express bus (PCI-E)

The PCI-Express is the next generation of PCI. The PCI Express standard allows
external peripherals to be connected via cables, unlike PCI connectors, which were
limited to internal connections.

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

➢ The AGP bus (Accelerated Graphic Port)

The AGP connector is similar to the PCI connector, but recognizable by its brown color
(standardized). It communicates with the AGP port (graphics cards).

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

Processor Socket Expansion Slots

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

Main buses ‫أهم النواقل‬

Internal Ground Connectors

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

The Ports ‫المنافذ‬

➢ They are designed to connect various peripherals.

Input-output connectors

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Basic definitions: Computer ‫حاسوب‬

Motherboard ‫اللوحة األم‬

The Ports ‫المنافذ‬

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