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Lecture 3 Equilibrium in 2-D

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23 views12 pages

Lecture 3 Equilibrium in 2-D

Uploaded by

nody.tarek2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equilibrium

of a Particle
Equilibrium of a Particle

• To introduce the concept of the free-body diagram for a particle.


• To solve particle equilibrium problems using the equations of equilibrium.

Condition for the Equilibrium of a Particle

A particle is said to be in equilibrium if it remains at rest if originally at rest


or has a constant velocity if originally in motion. To maintain equilibrium, it
is necessary to satisfy Newton’s first law of motion, which requires the
resultant force acting on a particle to be equal to zero .

The summation all the forces acting on the particle.


(Resultant force)
The Free-Body Diagram

To apply the equation of equilibrium, we must account for all the known and
unknown forces (F) which act on the particle. The best way to do this is to think
of the particle as isolated and “free” from its surroundings.

A drawing that shows the particle with all


the forces that act on it is called a free-body
diagram (FBD).
Types of Forces
Springs
𝐹=𝑘𝑆 S = L –L0

k … Stiffness constant of the spring

S … elongation in the spring


L … Final length of the spring
L0 … Initial length of the spring

Tension in cables
Frictionless pulley T1 = T2 = T

Weight
W=mg
g … Gravitational acceleration 9.81 m/s2
Equilibrium of Coplanar Forces in 2-D

Using Cartesian vector notation , each force is first represented as a Cartesian


vector,

𝐹1 = 𝐹1𝑥 𝑖റ + 𝐹1𝑦 𝑗റ 𝐹2 = −𝐹2𝑥 𝑖റ + 𝐹2𝑦 𝑗റ 𝐹3 = 𝐹3𝑥 𝑖റ − 𝐹3𝑦 𝑗റ

For equilibrium ෍ 𝐹റ = 0

𝐹റ1 + 𝐹റ2 + 𝐹റ3 = 0

𝐹1𝑥 𝑖റ + 𝐹1𝑦 𝑗റ − 𝐹2𝑥 𝑖റ + 𝐹2𝑦 𝑗റ + 𝐹3𝑥 𝑖റ − 𝐹3𝑦 𝑗റ = 0


𝐹1𝑥 −𝐹2𝑥 + 𝐹3𝑥 𝑖റ + 𝐹1𝑦 +𝐹2𝑦 − 𝐹3𝑦 𝑗റ = 0

𝑅𝑥 𝑖റ + 𝑅𝑦 𝑗റ = 0

Summation of forces in x-direction 𝑅𝑥 = ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

Summation of forces in y-direction 𝑅𝑦 = ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0


Example:
Determine the tension in cables BA and BC necessary to support the 60 kg
cylinder in the shown figure .
Solution
Weight y

TBA TBC
Tension in cable BC, TBC

x
5
3

Tension in cable BA, TBA 4

W
For equilibrium

Summation of forces in x-direction


(1)

Summation of forces in y-direction

(2)

Subtract equation (1) from equation (2); eqn(2) – eqn(1)

Substitute in equation (1);


Example:
Determine the required length of cord AC in Fig. so that the 8-kg lamp can be
suspended in the position shown. The undeformed length of spring AB is 0.4 m,
and the spring has a stiffness constant 300 N/m.
Solution: y
Weight

TAC
Force of the spring AB, FBC
FAB
S is the elongation in the spring AB D x

Tension in cable AC, TAC

W
For equilibrium

Summation of forces in x-direction


(1)

Summation of forces in y-direction

(2)

Substitute in equation (1);


7 week exam first term 21-22

Two cables AC and BC of length 1 meter each, are tied together at C and are
loaded as shown. Determine;
a) The tension in cable CA.
b) The tension in cable CB.
c) The resultant of the tensions in two cable using parallelogram law.

Weight
75o
𝑊 = −200 ∗ 9.81 𝑗Ԧ = −1962 𝑗Ԧ
y TCB
Tension in cable CB
75o
𝑇𝐶𝐵 = 𝑇𝐶𝐵 cos 75 𝑖Ԧ + 𝑇𝐶𝐵 sin 75 𝑗Ԧ 75o 75o x
TCA
Tension in cable CA W

𝑇𝐶𝐴 = −𝑇𝐶𝐴 sin 75 𝑖Ԧ − 𝑇𝐶𝐴 cos 75 𝑗Ԧ


i-comp 𝑇𝐶𝐵 cos 75 − 𝑇𝐶𝐴 sin 75 = 0
j-comp 𝑇𝐶𝐵 sin 75 − 𝑇𝐶𝐴 cos 75 = 1962 15o TCB

15o

By solving these equations TCA


W
𝑇𝐶𝐵 = 2188.33 𝑁 𝑇𝐶𝐴 = 586.36 𝑁
TCA
60o
using parallelogram law
𝑅2 = 𝑇𝐶𝐵 2 + 𝑇𝐶𝐴 2 + 2𝑇𝐶𝐵 𝑇𝐶𝐴 cos 120

𝑅2 = 2188.332 + 586.362 + 2 ∗ 2188.33 ∗ 586.36 ∗ cos 120 TCB


R
𝑅 = 1962 𝑁

𝑇𝐶𝐴 𝑅 586.36 1962


= = α = 15𝑜 α
sin 𝛼 sin 60 sin 𝛼 sin 60

TCA
Assignment (2)

1) The 200-kg crate in Figure is suspended using the ropes


AB and AC . Each rope can withstand a maximum force
of 10 kN before it breaks. If AB always remains
horizontal, determine the smallest angle  to which the
crate can be suspended before one of the ropes breaks.

2) The sphere in the figure has a mass of 6 kg and is


supported as shown. Draw a free-body diagram of the
sphere, the cord CE , and the knot at C .

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