shetel

(3-3
Ae Jngth
lasteb be
Smoch cune
a Smoot Curve()
hen
will he
dt

Are lengt
Find

foambice
M =
s arc

3cost sit
the curve

4t
wit

circlar
heix

om (3,0, o)
to (-3,0, 4)
(o ts )
TI) << 3cost, 3 siit, 4t)

9t6 dt
C)

[sdt = =(Sa
 A Cuve
unchion.
Can be
represented
more hon me
RH= <t,t, t |4tL2
teu hen 24
)e,t2 oLULn a

Some Curve, bt
l.
but
)
wth
and rilu) are
in

Same Cuvve
wth ciloct vaiableo.

wanl to porarnehie Curve n lerms e

ditected
S,rather thenthe
distance
arbihany vaniawe
along cuvel trom Pl) to any
(Arce Base foint Pla) Poiut "Plt)
leng Paremehize th
t /How for Cn
Joncthod
St)= || )ll du havels em Ya)
meaaeA ct time t

Ihwwor
he t
heclsas
anchom
otime, PE)

Nle ds
dt
| t)|.

ems
Pla)
SlE)

dlso Cuve Can be in s

pormeti
rlt)

the arc
lengt parametun
the heix
r(E) = Cost + sntý + te
i vE) = -sint î t costj
trom
t
t to t t
+

st) = du =
t
>slt)2t|
to

Ags I2 du = l2u-lat
 3

t= s
J2
we move Hhe Cune ter S units

what ave the na coeinates

=(-a.923, -0.334, 3-s367

bx: Distance
Dstance Alonq
a Jine:

Show tha
1 - u+uí +ugk is a unit vector ,
then the arc the ine
parcimtn olong

trom
r=(,
pot
the
leng

ttu)î + (yottu) +Gettus)k

uhere t=o iS
t tsel

t)-t t
s)=
Since u is a unit vectr
||Gl=1
t
stt) = 1 dT= t
st)t
Hw
I|OW)
Fnd
Flu=

) <Dnt, at,t'

) ind

4sint i
9) circum]erence cirde 0=ccost,sint.
osts2
)Jogitaie spirl E)=eetest,esit?
statg
longeil Vectar:

he unt tangent vectr

a smadtu Curve
rt) is

urt tangert veter indicoke the direchon of curve

Smeoth: A parameticotior/ cune is smot n I

) r) is Coninucvs amd

Kcos t,sinty t7
t)=-snty Cost, 47 #0 on
cort
(-ooo)
and
Smoet
Find Unit vector
Curve
the

r)= the
(3cast )i + (3siut)i t + tk
epreoong pata

ML) -3sit i + 3 cast Í t tk

133

T= )- 3siut
3s f+ 3ost
4+4
2t
 at Some how
Contore poidt
Tepidy is the
changjing
OR How
shorely a smooth curve tums or bends
As P moves
abong the
Curve direchon incfeasib

,
in

arc lenth the unit tnget

Vector turns.

value
the
is cal0ed the curveure
the cwrve at p.
De 9 T
Curvawe
is
theunt vetor
the
a smoth
CUrve
curve ,
the 7ncton

iin
a Urve TE) iven

3 Smosth
Some parameten t
is
othe
Jen
than arc

|
tevms
parameten then
hain
Yeule
di dt
k= dt ds
dI

dt
V=
K=

K= ITl where

Corvalve unit tongent

Hde: a straigut line is
lne, T bluays sehe
along a sheight
poidte" in

ts compenats ale sheut)

constato
'Con
chethon (or

nit

thus Cunatre
smalen
radivs
qealen cunalare
Radiuss a is
Curvalne a circle

cirde uith radis a is

The pommetizaion ob a

T- (a cost)i + Casint)f
Theny )- (-asint)t +a cost)
||= casint) + (acost)'

=J asin t t acos't

=atlsin't t cos)-J a (a)

we need to qind Te int T0-Y)

T)= a sint)f + (a cost)

| =-asit ++(aost)í
T) - 7 + Cost sint

-Cost - sint fTH-cattwE

)

4
Ahus |k= Va
 Ncw giten in parametent.

Hu 0 Fnd cunatre Cirde

sl0-(+Rro/tp) jotRsin(e))
hint
uhere

Unt Vedor
Cunatiie

At a where K 0 y he pinojpal unit

point
vetr a Smoota Curve jn plone is N=,o
do
Gr) 1 to
bti) N =
parametic

vect
nt tanpet

cCiralar moion
Tond N Aor he

os (4)s + Ginl

thus
||

T)
| + = sint

- sin lt
4 Cos2t =
t cos2|

IT' -sin24
 Crde Curvaire Ar plane Curves

Ihe Osculating circle or circde curvalie ot

ct a
oscudoing
On a wher K¢ is the cirde

in the plane a
plane
the Curve ht
to the Curve at P o the
Sametonga ine the Curve has
tngat ine
has Scme Cuvalure the CUrVe
ve ha ot f

e touard tthe Con cave r innen side

4 1he Curve Grcle
cunte
Cne
Curvere

otes

he radius Curvale
ot the radius he
the cirde Curvotue t
Cicle

and we PCwy) ie
tuc
toiard
innen side
rhe cme.

ue Curvatire k ond take

recijpocal.
cuvatie Curve
he coten
Circle
he ceter
noma)
vectr

Curve Curvatie
 Find and the
the
cirde 1
the paraladla
we the porclole
poramtize
paamdn t
t

Canature 4 Paralela

'E) =
TU = ') Ji+4L

8
- 4t
T'
()
at t=o
Yo)- 1^tof

Cendn

us
KO |T()|| ofts

he
| Ky=
cacius

Conde dh circle
Cuvalie at

Curvatire

is 0, b):
LO, o +
 Osculahy lo

circle is

(x-)+ (J-4)-(a
2

Hw:
44|

• Binomal Vetor

The Sinomal Veder CuIve in

in Space is
a und vecher oathogonal
to

btu T nd N

to thl plone
 K(x) =
hare funchen
in' lorms X
Cutvcature
inotad

Eind Cuvcture potdea

the ponls (3), (I) ond ca,u)

(4,4) K1) -

(2, 4) ka)
(tar)'

Ladivs/Crde Cvaire:

radius d Cuvcaie P=

at (oo) k is
Same s aircle

Hw Eind Ke T))
rl)- (acost)1 + (a sid )í bte
ab attbto.
 More Vecos: Alormal Binoral.
unit
tagont vecter. T - * foint

direhon
in

inene
unid erml Vecter: paramded.
+ Poit inuod
owarclo Concave
c.
) pot

Binoml vector

will be a

unit vedoy.

rlt) = <3sint, 3 cost, 4t

rl) = 3cast, -3sint, 4>, P'= S
,- sint, 7
Cost Y

T)–
enit tengent

<-3
vectr.

sint, -ost, o, |Te|=3/

(- Sint, - cost, o

Tu) Nt)
,
rost -3/ sint

-Sint - Cast

(4e ost,- sint, -;7

= l+2
Find at
P)
<
nit Nom

5')-t20)
()
(e'n)
7
7
(4) (t1)
7'o) - - tU2

625

92-162

- 2452
18-162 48-s2
48- 2