PST04103: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

DIFFERENT PRACTICE QUESTIONS FROM ALL SESSIONS (IN

EXAM FORMAT)

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

ENCIRCLE THE LETTER OF THE MOST CORRECT ANSWER AMONG THE
OPTIONS

1. A neuromuscular disease, mechanical obstruction, skeletal muscle disorders, depression,

or dementia are the causes of
A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
B. Oropharyngeal dysphagia
C. Esophageal dysphagia
D. GI bleeding
E. Constipation
2. Which mechanism that regulate the extracellular fluid volume does not respond strongly
to decrease in blood volume?
A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mechanism
B. Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) mechanism
C. Renin-angiotensin aldosterone mechanism
D. Neural mechanism
E. Intracellular mechanism
3. Which of the following is the clotting factor?
A. Prothrombin
B. Vitamin K
C. Platelets
D. Blood vessels
E. Thrombosis
4. Diarrhea may be classified as;
A. Acute and massive
B. Osmotic and secretory
C. Diffuse and osmotic
D. Chronic and osmotic
E. Laxative and lubricate
5. Family history, stress, life style, Diabetic mellitus, high lipid blood level and obesity are
the risk factors of the disorder known as;
A. Diabetic mellitus
B. Angina pectoris
C. Hypertension
D. Varicose veins
E. Cancer

6. The following are the disorders of the cardiovascular system, EXCEPT

A. Myxedema
B. Aneurisms
 C. Arrhythmias
D. Varicose veins
E. None of the above
7. A patient lacks intrinsic factor due to autoimmune destruction of parietal cells is
subjected to deficiency of Vitamin B12, in which the Red blood cells are large, misshapen
and fragile. This patient is said to have which type of anemia;
A. Iron-deficiency Anemia
B. Pernicious Anemia
C. Aplastic anemia
D. Sickle cell Anemia
E. Hemolytic Anemia
8. A female patient is said to have dysplasia, on her explanation it seems she had large
number sexual partners, had first sexual intercourse at younger age and she is smoking
cigarettes. According to your Anatomy and Physiology knowledge, which disease is
commonly associated with the above risk factors?
A. Ovarian cancer
B. Endometriosis
C. Vaginal candidiasis
D. Cervical cancer
E. Breast cancer
9. Chronic inflammation of mucus membrane which results into chronic, deep and
reproductive cough as a result of long-term smoking or complication of cystic fibrosis
manifests the disorder known as;
A. Chronic asthma
B. Tuberculosis
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Emphysema
E. Lung cancer
10. A patient is presented with Symptoms like fever, chills, urinary frequency, frequent
urination at night, difficulty in urinating, burning or painful urination, low back pain,
joint and muscle pain, blood in the urine, or painful ejaculation is likely to have;
A. Prostate disorders
B. Urethritis
C. Prostate cancer
D. Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)
E. Testicular cancer

11. Anatomy is the study of the ____ of the body, while physiology is the study of its _____
A. Function, structure
B. Cell, tissue
C. Structure, function
D. Both of the above are correct
E. None of the above is correct
12. A decrease in blood glucose that causes the inhibition of insulin is an example of _____.
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
 C. Abnormal function
D. The action of glucagon
E. Homeostatic imbalance
13. The structures called _____ are intracellular areas with specific living functions.
A. Inclusions
B. Organs
C. Organelles
D. Macromolecules
E. cells
14. The wrist is the _____ part of the hand region.
A. Proximal
B. Distal
C. Superior
D. Inferior
E. Superficial
15. A _____ section divides the body into right and left.
A. Coronal
B. Transverse
C. Sagittal
D. Frontal
E. Oblique
16. A _____ section divides an organ into top and bottom.
A. Sagittal
B. Oblique
C. Coronal
D. Transverse
E. Frontal
17. Which of the following is not the correct description of anatomical position?
A. Body facing forward
B. Head turned to side
C. Palms facing forward
D. Body standing
E. Feet together
18. Terms that apply to the backside of the body in the anatomical position include:
A. Ventral; anterior
B. Back; rear
C. Posterior; dorsal
D. Medial; lateral
E. Proximal; distal
19. Mutations may be caused by
A. X rays,
B. Certain chemicals,
C. Radiation from ionizing radioisotopes,
D. All of the above,
E. None of the above
20. The smallest unit capable of life by itself is
 A. The organ,
B. The organelle,
C. The tissue,
D. The cell, E. The nucleus.
21. The type of muscles responsible for changing the shape of the tongue such as flattening
and elevating the tongue during drinking and swallowing include
A. External muscles
B. Internal muscles
C. Intrinsic muscles
D. Smooth muscles
E. Extrinsic muscles
22. In gas exchange (external respiration),
A. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries
into alveoli
B. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries
into alveoli.
C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried from alveoli into the bronchioles
D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli
E. No diffusion of gases occurs
23. Which of the following hormones is used as the basis for pregnancy testing?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. HCG
D. Testosterone
E. FSH
24. The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the
surrounding interstitial fluids are the:
A. Capillaries
B. Arteries
C. Venules
D. Veins
E. Arterioles
25. The usual site of embryo implantation is
A. The peritoneal cavity,
B. The uterine tube,
C. The vagina,
D. The uterus,
E. Cervix
26. The following are a list of vessels and structures associated with the heart.
1) Right atrium
2) Left atrium
3) Right ventricle
4) Left ventricle
5) Vena cavae
6) Aorta
7) Pulmonary arteries
8) Pulmonary veins
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
A. 1,2,7,8,3,4,6,5
B. 1,7,3,8,2,4,6,5
C. 5,1,3,7,8,2,4,6
D. 5,3,1,7,8,4,2,6
E. 5,1,3,8,7,2,4,6
27. The function of the coronary circulation is to
A. Regulate the cardiac cycle
B. Deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs into the systemic circulation
C. Supply cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood and drain deoxygenated blood from it
D. Drain excess blood from the ventricles
E. Supply smooth muscles of the intestines with oxygenated blood.
28. During ______ , the heart contracts and blood pumps out of the heart. During _____ the
ventricles relax and blood flows into the heart.
A. Inhalation, exhalation
B. pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation
C. Systole, diastole
D. Diastole, systole
E. All of the above
29. Blood pressure is usually expressed as:
A. diastolic pressure over systolic pressure
B. systolic pressure over diastolic pressure
C. diastolic pressure over pulse pressure
D. pulse pressure over diastolic pressure
E. Systolic pressure over pulse pressure
30. The ovum is fertilized in the
A. Uterus
B. Vagina
C. Ovaries
D. Oviduct
E. Placenta
31. Family history, stress, life style, Diabetic mellitus, high lipid blood level and obesity are
the risk factors of the disorder known as;
A. Diabetic mellitus
B. Angina pectoris
C. Hypertension
D. A and C are correct
E. All of above are correct
32. The following are the disorders of the cardiovascular system, EXCEPT
A. Myxedema
B. Aneurisms
C. Arrhythmias
D. Varicose veins
E. None of the above

33. Hypersecretion of Growth hormone will lead to;

 A. Dwarfism
B. Addison’s disease
C. Gigantism
D. Goiter
E. Cushing syndrome
34. Which of the following is the clotting factor
A. Prothrombin
B. Vitamin K
C. Platelets
D. Blood vessels
E. A and C are correct
35. A condition in which One loses the capacity to retain protein, especially albumin due to
toxic agents like mercury, toxic drugs like aminoglycosides and diseases like diabetes is
referred to disorder known as; A. Urinary incontinence
B. Urinary tract infections (UTI)
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
E. Urinary retention
36. A disorder which is usually corrected by catheterization of the patient is known as;
A. Urinary incontinence
B. Urinary tract infections (UTI)
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
E. Urinary retention
37. A patient is presented with Symptoms like fever, chills, urinary frequency, frequent
urination at night, difficulty in urinating, burning or painful urination, low back pain,
joint
and muscle pain, blood in the urine, or painful ejaculation is likely to have;
A. Prostate disorders
B. Urethritis
C. Prostate cancer
D. Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)
E. Testicular cancer
38. Chronic inflammation of mucus membrane which results into chronic, deep and
reproductive cough as a result of long-term smoking or complication of cystic fibrosis
manifests the disorder known as;
A. Chronic asthma
B. Tuberculosis
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Emphysema
E. Lung cancer
39. A female patient is said to have dysplasia, on her explanation it seems she has large
number sexual partners, had first sexual intercourse at younger age and she is smoking
cigarettes. According to your Anatomy and Physiology knowledge, which disease is
commonly associated with the above risk factors?
A. Ovarian cancer
B. Endometriosis
 C. Vaginal candidiasis
D. Cervical cancer
E. Breast cancer
40. A patient lacks intrinsic factor due to autoimmune destruction of parietal cells is
subjected to deficiency of Vitamin B12, in which the Red blood cells are large, misshapen
and fragile. This patient is said to have which type of anemia;
A. Iron-deficiency Anemia
B. Pernicious Anemia
C. Aplastic anemia
D. Sickle cell Anemia
E. Hemolytic Anemia

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

Write TRUE for correct option and FALSE for incorrect option using CAPITAL
LETTERS beside its corresponding letter in every option.

1. Concerning functions of stomach

A. ________ Reservoir for food until it is partially digested and moved
further along the GI tract
B. ________ Secrete intrinsic factor
C. ________ Helps protect body from pathogenic bacteria swallowed with
food
D. ________ Breaks food into small particles and mixes them with gastric
juice
E. ________ Carries limited absorption
2. Chambers of the heart A. ________ semilunar
B. ________ Ventricle
C. ________ Atria
D. ________ Aortic
E. ________ Myocardium
3. Concerning body fluid compartments
A. ________ Extracellular fluids (ECF) are found outside the cell, which
include plasma and interstitial fluids.
B. ________ the intracellular fluid (ICF) consist of about 2/3 of the total
body fluid
C. ________ The circulating fluids are the part of intracellular fluids.
D. ________ Body fluids make up about 40% to 60% of the total body
weight of an organism.
E. ________ Intracellular fluids are found inside the cell and contains ions
like Calcium, Sodium and Potassium.
4. Blood clot mechanism involves the following events; A. ________ Absorption of
vitamin K into the tissues
B. ________ Platelet plug formation
C. ________ Vascular spasm
D. ________ Coagulation
E. ________ Anticoagulation
5. Large intestine consists of the following;
A. ________ caecum
B. ________ mucus glands
C. ________ rectum
D. ________ colon
E. ________ anal canal

6. The role of vitamin K in blood clotting

A. ________ It is required in synthesis of five clotting factors
B. ________ Normal clotting depends on adequate levels of vitamin K in
the body
C. ________ vitamin K is involved in actual clot formation
D. ________ People suffering from disorders that slow absorption of lipids
often experiences uncontrolled bleeding as a consequence of vitamin K
deficiency E. ________ vitamin K is water-soluble vitamin which is
absorbed through the intestine
7. Blood calcium levels may be elevated in cases of:
A. ________ Multiple myeloma
B. ________ Multiple bone fractures
C. ________ Milk alkali syndrome
D. ________ Metastatic cancer
E. ________ Thyroid disorders
8. Agranulocytes type of White blood cell include the following:
A. ________ Monocytes
B. ________ Eosinophils
C. ________ Neutrophils
D. ________ Lymphocytes
E. ________ Basophils
9. One of the following is not the correct description of anatomical position?
A. ________ Body facing forward
B. ________ Head turned to side
C. ________ Palms facing forward
D. ________ Body standing
E. ________ Feet together
10. The plane dividing the body into front and back portions
A. ________ Median
B. ________ Sagital
C. ________ Transverse
D. ________ Horizontal
E. ________ Coronal
11. In regional anatomy
A. ________ .Oral refers to the mouth
B. ________ Thoracic refers to the chest
C. ________ Cephalic refers to the head
D. ________ Otic refers to the nose
 E. ________ Vertebral refers to the hands
12. Regarding epithelia tissue
A. ________ Stratified epithelium consists of one layer of epithelia cells
B. ________ Transitional epithelium lines organs that stretch such as the
urinary bladder
C. ________ Glands consist of specialized epithelial cells for secretion
D. ________ Microvilli are Cell membrane extensions from the free
surface of epithelia
E. ________ Epithelial tissue is well supplied with blood vessels
13. Concerning body cavities A. ________ Body cavities are spaces within the body that
help protect, separate and support internal organs
B. ________ The heart and lungs are located in the cranial cavity
C. ________ The visceral organs eg stomach and liver are found in the abdominal cavity
D. ________ The Pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
E. ________ The heart lies within the pericardial cavity while the lungs lie within the
pleural cavity
14. The function of the coronary circulation is to
A. ________ Regulate the cardiac cycle
B. ________ Deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs into the systemic
circulation
C. ________ Supply cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood and drain
deoxygenated blood from it
D. ________ Drain excess blood from the ventricles
E. ________ Supply smooth muscles of the intestines with oxygenated
blood
15. In a cell
A. ________ The mitochondria provides energy for metabolic activities
B. ________ The DNA is located in the cytoplasm
C. ________ The nucleus controls all activities
D. ________ The plasma membrane is freely permeable
E. ________ The cytoplasm extends from the plasma membrane to the
nucleus
16. In the heart
A. ________ Ventricles receive blood returning to the heart
B. ________ The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle
C. ________ Atria pump blood out of the heart
D. ________ The coronary vessels supply blood to the myocardium
E. ________ Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood to the atria
17. Regarding adipose tissue
A. ________ When fat cells of white adipose tissue aggregate together,
they appear yellow due to presence of lipofuscin pigment
B. ________ white adipose tissue is richly supplied with blood vessels
which makes it appear light brown in colour when viewed in fresh
conditions
C. ________ brown adipose tissue is made up of unilocular adipocytes
D. ________ its functions apart from storage include protection and
insulation
 E. ________ brown adipose tissue presents in the infants and new-born,
and decreases with age and may be replaced by white adipose tissue
18. Endocrine system
A. ________ Secrete hormones as their means of communication
B. ________ have special ducts for passage of their hormone to the site of
action.
C. ________ Usually bring rapid and faster response to the body
D. ________ their effects occur throughout the body as hormones are
circulating into the blood.
E. ________ Pancreas is responsible with regulation of blood sugar.
19. Blood clot mechanism involves the following events; A. ________ Absorption of
vitamin K into the tissues
B. ________ Platelet plug formation
C. ________ Vascular spasm
D. ________ Coagulation
E. ________ Anticoagulation

20. The role of vitamin K in blood clotting

A. ________ It is required in synthesis of five clotting factors
B. ________ Normal clotting depends on adequate levels of vitamin K in
the body
C. ________ vitamin K is involved in actual clot formation
D. ________ People suffering from disorders that slow absorption of lipids
often experiences uncontrolled bleeding as a consequence of vitamin K
deficiency
E. ________ vitamin K is water-soluble vitamin which is absorbed
through the intestine
21. Cells of the bone include; A. __________chondrocytes
B. __________osteocytes
C. __________osteoclasts
D. __________osteoprogenitor cells
E. __________osteoblasts
22. In a cell
A. __________The mitochondria provide energy for metabolic activities
B. __________The DNA is located in the cytoplasm
C. __________The nucleus controls all activities
D. __________The plasma membrane is freely permeable
E. __________The cytoplasm extends from the plasma membrane to the
nucleus
23. In regional anatomy
A. __________Oral refers to the mouth
B. __________Thoracic refers to the chest
C. __________Cephalic refers to the head
D. __________Otic refers to the nose
E. __________Vertebral refers to the hands
24. Regarding adipose tissue
 A. ________ When fat cells of white adipose tissue aggregate together,
they appear yellow due to presence of lipofuscin pigment
B. ________ white adipose tissue is richly supplied with blood vessels
which makes it appear light brown in colour when viewed in fresh
conditions
C. ________ brown adipose tissue is made up of unilocular adipocytes
D. ________ its functions apart from storage include protection and
insulation
E. ________ brown adipose tissue presents in the infants and new-born,
and decreases with age and may be replaced by white adipose tissue
25. Concerning body cavities
A. __________Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect,
separate and support internal organs
B. __________The heart and lungs are located in the cranial cavity
C. __________The visceral organs eg. stomach and liver are found in the
abdominal cavity
D. __________The Pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs
and rectum
E. __________The heart lies within the pericardial cavity while the lungs
lie within the pleural cavity
26. Regarding epithelia tissue
A. __________Stratified epithelium consists of one layer of epithelia cells
B. __________Transitional epithelium lines organs that stretch such as the
urinary bladder
C. __________Glands consist of specialized epithelial cells for secretion
D. __________Microvilli are Cell membrane extensions from the free
surface of epithelia
E. __________Epithelial tissue is well supplied with blood vessels
27. One of the following is not the correct description of anatomical position?
A. __________Body facing forward
B. __________Head turned to side
C. __________Palms facing forward
D. __________Body standing
E. __________Feet together
28. The plane dividing the body into front and back portions
A. __________Median
B. __________Sagittal
C. __________Transverse
D. __________Horizontal
E. __________Coronal
29. There are basic four taste sensations. Such include
A. Sweetness
B. Saltiness
C. Sourness
D. Bitterness
E. Sugariness
30. About the types of blood vessels in the body
A. Arteries return blood from body tissues back to the heart.
B. Valves are found in veins
C. Veins carry blood from the heart to body tissues
D. Capillaries are the smallest type of blood vessels
E. Arteriosclerosis is any change in arteries that leads to hardening and
stiffening of the wall of arteries
31. In the heart
A. Ventricles receive blood returning to the heart
B. The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle
C. Atria pump blood out of the heart
D. The coronary vessels supply blood to the heart wall
E. Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood to the atria
32. A typical tooth has the following parts
A. Crown
B. Sole
C. Stem
D. Roots
E. Neck
33. In the female reproductive system
A. FSH promotes development and maturation of follicles
B. Progesterone works with estrogen to establish and then help regulate
the uterine cycle and promotes changes in cervical mucus
C. In menstruation, the stratum basalis is shed from the endometrium.
D. In the average female ovulation occurs on day 21 of the uterine cycle
E. The average time for menstrual flow is more than 10 days
34. Suppose your blood is AB positive. This means that
A. Antigen A and B are present on your red blood cells,
B. The antigens were not genetically determined,
C. There are no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in your plasma,
 Your blood is Rh+,
E. If you received a transfusion of AB+ blood, a transfusion reaction
(destruction of the RBCs) would occur.
35. Regarding the blood cells
A. Platelets are responsible for anti-coagulant functions.
B. RBCs are formed in the walls of the heart
C. Erythrocytes fight against foreign matters and infections
D. Thrombocytes are responsible for blood clotting
E. Leucocytes are responsible for supplying of Oxygen to the body
36. The accessory organs of the GIT include
A. Teeth
B. Saliva
C. Liver
D. Gall bladder
E. Bile duct
37. In the heart
A. __________Ventricles receive blood returning to the heart
B. __________The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle
C. __________Atria pump blood out of the heart
D. __________The coronary vessels supply blood to the myocardium
E. __________Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood to the atria
38. In a cell
A. __________The mitochondria provides energy for metabolic activities
B. __________The DNA is located in the cytoplasm
C. __________The nucleus controls all activities
D. __________The plasma membrane is freely permeable
E. __________The cytoplasm extends from the plasma membrane to the
nucleus
39. The function of the coronary circulation is to
A. __________Regulate the cardiac cycle
B. __________Deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs into the systemic
circulation
C. __________Supply cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood and drain
deoxygenated blood from it
D. __________Drain excess blood from the ventricles
E. __________Supply smooth muscles of the intestines with oxygenated
blood
40. Concerning body cavities
A. __________Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect,
separate and support internal organs
B. __________The heart and lungs are located in the cranial cavity
C. __________The visceral organs eg. stomach and liver are found in the
abdominal cavity
D. __________The Pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs
and rectum
 D.

E. __________The heart lies within the pericardial cavity while the lungs
lie within the pleural cavity
41. Regarding epithelia tissue
A. __________Stratified epithelium consists of one layer of epithelia cells
B. __________Transitional epithelium lines organs that stretch such as the
urinary bladder
C. __________Glands consist of specialized epithelial cells for secretion
D. __________Microvilli are Cell membrane extensions from the free
surface of epithelia
E. __________Epithelial tissue is well supplied with blood vessels
42. One of the following is not the correct description of anatomical position?
A. __________Body facing forward
B. __________Head turned to side
C. __________Palms facing forward
D. __________Body standing
E. __________Feet together
43. The plane dividing the body into front and back portions
A. __________Median
B. __________Sagittal
C. __________Transverse
D. __________Horizontal
E. __________Coronal
44. In regional anatomy
A. __________Oral refers to the mouth
B. __________Thoracic refers to the chest
C. __________Cephalic refers to the head
D. __________Otic refers to the nose
E. __________Vertebral refers to the hands
45. Granulocytes type of White blood cell include the following:
A. ________ Monocytes
B. ________ Eosinophils
C. ________ Neutrophils
D. ________ Lymphocytes
E. ________ Basophils
46. Large intestine consists of the following;
F. ________ caecum
G. ________ mucus glands
H. ________ rectum
I. ________ colon
J. ________ anal canal
47. Concerning functions of stomach
A. ________ Reservoir for food until it is moved further along the GI tract
B. ________ Secrete intrinsic factor
C. ________ Helps protect body from pathogenic bacteria swallowed with
food
 D. ________ Breaks food into small particles and mixes them with gastric
juice
E. ________ Carries limited absorption
48. Chambers of the heart A. ________ semilunar
B. ________ Ventricle
C. ________ Atria
D. ________ Aortic
E. ________ Myocardium
49. Concerning body fluid compartments
A. ________ Extracellular fluids (ECF) are found outside the cell, which
include plasma and interstitial fluids.
B. ________ the intracellular fluid (ICF) consist of about 2/3 of the total
body fluid
C. ________ The circulating fluids are the part of intracellular fluids.
________ Body fluids make up about 40% to 60% of the total body weight of an
organism.
E. ________ Intracellular fluids are found inside the cell and contains ions like Calcium,
Sodium and Potassium.
50. Blood clot mechanism involves the following events; A. ________ Absorption of
vitamin K into the tissues
B. ________ Platelet plug formation
C. ________ Vascular spasm
D. ________ Coagulation
E. ________ Anticoagulation
51. The role of vitamin K in blood clotting
A. ________ It is required in synthesis of five clotting factors
B. ________ Normal clotting depends on adequate levels of vitamin K in
the body
C. ________ vitamin K is involved in actual clot formation
D. ________ People suffering from disorders that slow absorption of lipids
often experiences uncontrolled bleeding as a consequence of vitamin K
deficiency
E. ________ vitamin K is water-soluble vitamin which is absorbed
through the intestine
52. Regarding common disorders of the Blood cells
A. ________ Sickle cell anemia is the anemia due to lack of red blood cell
maturation.
B. ________ Hemophilia results in excessive blood loss due to lack of
vitamin K.
C. ________ Pernicious anemia is resulted from excessive loss of all three
types of blood cells.
D. ________ Embolism and Thrombosis occur after excessive blood loss
and deficit of oxygen into the blood.
E. ________ Hemolytic anemia can be manifestation of sickle cell anemia
53. There are basic four taste sensations. Such include
A. Sweetness
B. Saltiness
 D.

C. Sourness
D. Bitterness
E. Sugarness
54. About the types of blood vessels in the body
A. Arteries return blood from body tissues back to the heart.
B. Valves are found in veins
C. Veins carry blood from the heart to body tissues
D. Capillaries are the smallest type of blood vessels
E. Arteriosclerosis is any change in arteries that leads to hardening and
stiffening of the wall of arteries
55. In the heart
A. Ventricles receive blood returning to the heart
B. The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle
C. Atria pump blood out of the heart
D. The coronary vessels supply blood to the heart wall
E. Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood to the atria
56. A typical teeth has the following parts
A. Crown
B. Sole
C. Stem
D. Roots
E. Neck
57. In the female reproductive system
A. FSH promotes development and maturation of follicles
B. Progesterone works with estrogen to establish and then help regulate
the uterine cycle and promotes changes in cervical mucus
C. In menstruation, the stratum basalis is shed from the endometrium.
D. In the average female ovulation occurs on day 21 of the uterine cycle
E. The average time for menstrual flow is more than 10 days
58. Suppose your blood is AB positive. This means that
A. Antigen A and B are present on your red blood cells,
B. The antigens were not genetically determined,
C. There are no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in your plasma,
D. Your blood is Rh+,
E. If you received a transfusion of AB+ blood, a transfusion reaction
(destruction of the RBCs) would occur.
59. Regarding the blood cells
A. Platelets are responsible for anti-coagulant functions.
B. RBCs are formed in the walls of the heart
C. Erythrocytes fight against foreign matters and infections
D. Thrombocytes are responsible for blood clotting
E. Leucocytes are responsible for supplying of Oxygen to the body
60. The accessory organs of the GIT include
A. Teeth
B. Saliva
C. Liver
 D. Gall bladder
E. Bile duct
61. Erectile dysfunction can be caused by; A. ________ Testosterone deficiency
B. ________ Systemic disorder like syphilis
C. ________ Sufficient release of Nitric oxide
D. ________ Psychological factors
E. ________ Vascular disturbances
62. Premenstrual syndrome
A. ________ Cyclical disorder of severe physical and emotional distress.
B. ________ always occur after menstruation.
C. ________ Its symptoms are weight gain, breast swelling and
tenderness.
D. ________ Regular physical exercise and avoiding alcohol can bring
relief
E. ________ symptoms always continue after onset of menstruation
63. Endocrine system
A. ________ Secrete hormones as their means of communication
B. ________ have special ducts for passage of their hormone to the site of
action.
C. ________ Usually bring rapid and faster response to the body
D. ________ their effects occur throughout the body as hormones are
circulating into the blood.
E. ________ Pancreas is responsible with regulation of blood sugar.
64. Reproductive system
A. ________ Vulva is the outer part of female reproductive system.
B. ________ Sexual transmitted diseases always shows symptom in
female easier than in males.
C. ________ Syphilis and genital herpes are among bacterial sexual
transmitted diseases. ________ genital warts shows symptom like
blister forming into sexual organs.
E. ________ most cancers of the reproductive system are associated with cigarette
smoking
65. Agranulocytes type of White blood cell include the following:
A. ________ Monocytes
B. ________ Eosinophils
C. ________ Neutrophils
D. ________ Lymphocytes
E. ________ Basophils
66. Concerning body fluid compartments
A. ________ Extracellular fluids (ECF) are found outside the cell, which
include plasma and interstitial fluids.
B. ________ the intracellular fluid (ICF) consist of about 2/3 of the total
body fluid
C. ________ The circulating fluids are the part of intracellular fluids.
D. ________ Body fluids make up about 40% to 60% of the total body
weight of an organism.
 D.

E. ________ Intracellular fluids are found inside the cell and contains ions
like Calcium, Sodium and Potassium.
67. Diabetic mellitus
A. ________ Type II diabetes mellitus is also called Insulin Dependent
Diabetic Mellitus (IDDM).
B. ________ Type I diabetes mellitus result due to inability of pancreas to
secrete Insulin hormone.
C. ________ Hyperglycemia is caused by obesity.
D. ________ Non Independent Diabetic Mellitus (NIDDM) is associated
with insulin deficiency.
E. ________ Insulin helps blood glucose to be absorbed into tissues.
68. The role of vitamin K in blood clotting
A. ________ It is required in synthesis of five clotting factors
B. ________ Normal clotting depends on adequate levels of vitamin K in
the body
C. ________ vitamin K is involved in actual clot formation
D. People suffering from disorders that slow absorption of lipids often
experience uncontrolled bleeding as a consequence of vitamin K
deficiency
E. ________ vitamin K is water-soluble vitamin which is absorbed
through the intestine SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS
Match the items in COLUMN A with those in COLUMN B by writing its corresponding
letter in the space provided
Regarding disorders of different body systems
COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Bacterial infection of the A. Cervical cancer
respiratory system B. Atherosclerosis
2. Resulted due to low fluid intake C. Asthma
and severe dehydration D. Addison’s disease
3. Hypo secretion of adrenal cortical E. Ovarian cancer
hormone F. Arteriosclerosis
4. Can be caused by having first G. Hypernatremia
intercourse at younger age H. Diarrhea
5. Degenerative disorder causing I. Diphtheria
hardening of the arteries J. Cushing’s syndrome

Regarding Endocrine system and its disorders

COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Calcitonin A. Secreted by Testes
B. Hypo secretion of thyroxine in adults
2. Myxedema
C. Anterior pituitary’s Hormone
3. Follicle stimulating D. Secreted by Ovaries
hormone (FSH) E. Adrenal glands’ hormone
 4. Inhibin F. Hypersecretion of thyroxine due to
autoimmune reactions
5. Graves’ disease G. Its antagonist is parathyroid hormone
H. Hypo secretion of thyroxine in new born

COLUMN A: ANSWER COLUMN B:

1. Superficial A. Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a
(external) structure or the body; below
2. Distal B. Toward or at the back of the body; behind
3. Medial C. Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
4. Dorsal D. Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
(posterior)
5. Lateral E. Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

F. Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of

attachment of a limb to the body trunk
G. Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
H. Away from the body surface; more internal
Match the tissue type from column A to its correct description from column B
COLUMN A: ANSWER COLUMN B:
1. Muscle A. Tissue type composed largely of non-living extracellular
tissue matrix; important in protection and support
2. Nervous B. The tissue immediately responsible for body movement
tissues
3. Connective C. The tissue that enables us to be aware of the external
tissue environment and to react to it
4. Epithelial D. The tissue that lines body cavities and covers surfaces
tissue
5. Glandular E. Tissue that synthesizes and secretes a particular product
tissue
F. Tissue Closer to the origin of the body part
G. Tissue Farther from the origin of a body part
H. Tissue Away from the body surface; more internal

Regarding disorders of different body systems

COLUMN A (FUNCTIONS ANSWERS COLUMN B (CELL ORGANELLES)
TO HUMAN BODY)
1. Suicide bag A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
2. Storage facility C. Cytoplasm
D. Golgi bodies
3. Cell within a cell E. Endoplasmic reticulum
F. Lysosomes
4. Fluid portion of the cell G. Mitochondria
H. Vacuole
5. Carrying genetic makeup
I. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
J. DNA

Regarding Endocrine system and its disorders

COLUMN A (DISORDERS ANSWERS COLUMN B (THEIR DISCRIPTIONS)
AND HORMONES)
1. Calcitonin A. Secreted by Testes
2. Myxedema B. Hypo secretion of thyroxine in adults
3. Follicle stimulating C. Anterior pituitary’s Hormone
hormone (FSH) D. Secreted by Ovaries
4. Inhibin E. Adrenal glands’ hormone
5. Graves’ disease F. Hypersecretion of thyroxine due to
autoimmune reactions
G. Its antagonist is parathyroid hormone
H. Hypo secretion of thyroxine in new born
Repgarding different body tissues
COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Suicide bag A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
2. Storage facility
C. Cytoplasm
3. Cell within a cell D. Golgi bodies
E. Endoplasmic reticulum
4. Fluid portion of the cell
F. Lysosomes
5. Carrying genetic makeup G. Mitochondria
H. Vacuole
I. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
J. DNA

Regarding various terms used to show anatomical position in anatomy and physiology
COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Proximal A. Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a
2. Distal structure or the body; below
3. Medial B. Toward or at the back of the body; behind
C. Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
4. Dorsal
D. Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
5. Lateral
E. Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
F. Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
G. Further from the origin of a body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
H. Away from the body surface; more internal

The disorders of the GIT.

COLUMN ANSWER COLUMN B:
A:
1. Diarrhea A. Loss of the desire to eat
2. Anorexia B. occurs when the esophageal epithelium is exposed to gastric
secretions
3. C. the sensation of solids or liquids not passing from the mouth
Constipation into the stomach,
4. Dysphagia D. unpleasant sensation of the desire to vomit
5. E. Difficult passage of stool
Steatorrhea
F. Arises from disruption of fat solubilisation, digestion, or
absorption in the small intestine.
G. An increased number or fluidity of stools is usually due to
an excess of water in stool.
H. Pain originates from tissue injury, distention, contraction,
inflammation, and direct chemical injury
Match the meaning/definition in column B to the appropriate Eye structures in column A
COLUMN A: ANSWER COLUMN B:
1. Iris A. The visible (when the eye is examined) portion of the
optic nerve, also found on the retina
2. Lens B. The circular opening in the centre of the iris through
which light passes into the lens of the eye
3. Retina C. Regulates the amount of light that enters your eye
4. Blindspot D. Forms a small indentation at the centre of the macula and
is the area with the greatest concentration of cone cells
5. Choroid E. A light sensitive layer that lines the interior of the eye
F. The middle layer of the eye between the retina and the
sclera
G. A yellow spot on the retina at the back of the eye which
surrounds the fovea.
H. A transparent structure situated behind your pupil

Regarding different body tissues

COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Muscle tissue A. Tissue type composed largely of non-living
extracellular matrix; important in protection and
2. Nervous tissues
support
3. Connective tissue B. The tissue immediately responsible for body
4. Epithelial tissue movement
C. The tissue that enables us to be aware of the
5. Glandular tissue external environment and to react to it
D. The tissue that lines body cavities and covers
surfaces
E. Tissue that synthesizes and secretes a particular
product
F. Tissue Closer to the origin of the body part
G. Tissue Farther from the origin of a body part
H. Tissue Away from the body surface; more
internal
Regarding various terms used to show anatomical position in anatomy and physiology
COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Proximal A. Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a
2. Distal structure or the body; below
3. Medial B. Toward or at the back of the body; behind
C. Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
4. Dorsal
D. Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
5. Lateral
E. Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
F. Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
G. Further from the origin of a body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
H. Away from the body surface; more internal

Regarding disorders of different body systems

COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Leukemia A. Its symptoms are chronic, deep and reproductive cough
B. Causing Abnormal proliferation of white blood cells
2. Erectile C. It retards both physical and mental development.
dysfunction D. Obstructive and inflammatory disorder.
3. Chronic E. Caused by insufficient release of Nitric Oxide (NO)
bronchitis F. Hypo secretion of thyroxine in adults
4. Cretinism G. Irreversible obstruction of alveoli
H. Type of cancer affecting body tissues
5. Asthma
I. Inflammation of bronchioles which can be reversed

Regarding different structures of human body

COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Heart muscles A. Pneumocystis carinii
B. Anti-diuretic hormone
2. Produced by β- cells of the pancreas
C. Parathyroid hormone
3. Antagonist of calcitonin hormone D. Glucagon hormone
E. Myocardium
4. Tetra iodothyronine F. Insulin hormone
G. Thyroxine hormone
5. Causes infection to immune H. Myofibril
compromised individuals I. Streptococcus pneumoniae

Regarding Endocrine system and its disorders

COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
 1. Calcitonin A. Secreted by Testes
B. Anterior pituitary’s Hormone
2. Myxedema
C. Secreted by Ovaries
3. Follicle stimulating D. Adrenal glands’ hormone
hormone (FSH) E. Hypersecretion of thyroxine due to
autoimmune reactions
4. Inhibin
F. Its antagonist is parathyroid hormone
5. Graves’ disease G. Hypo secretion of thyroxine in adults
H. Hypo secretion of thyroxine in new born

Regarding disorders of the different body system

COLUMN A ANSWERS COLUMN B
1. Leukemia A. Its symptoms are chronic, deep and
2. Erectile dysfunction reproductive cough
3. Chronic bronchitis B. Causing Abnormal proliferation of white
blood cells
4. Cretinism C. It retard both physical and mental
5. Asthma development.
D. Obstructive and inflammatory disorder.
E. Caused by insufficient release of Nitric
Oxide (NO)
F. Hypo secretion of thyroxine in adults
G. Irreversible obstruction of alveoli
H. Type of cancer affecting body tissues
I. Inflammation of bronchioles which can be
reversed

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 marks)

Answer all questions in this section and write their answers in the space provided
1. Define ‘peristalsis’
2. List the three (3) types of salivary glands.
3. Mention any four (4) hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland.
4. Define the following terms as used in anatomy and physiology.
a. Acidosis
b. Blood Plasma
c. Hemolytic anemia
d. Atherosclerosis
5. What are the symptoms of constipation?
6. What are the common causes of urinary tract infection (UTI)
7. What are the functions of the liver?
8. What are the risk factors for a female to have breast cancer?
9. Identify the three (3) types of muscle tissue and in each give its location in the body.
10. Name the four (4) valves of the heart
11. List five (5) systems of the body
12. Mention five (5) body cavities that you know
13. Enumerate four (4) function of the cell plasma membrane
14. State four (4) types of body tissues and each give one example
15. List, with an example, five (5) functions of epithelial tissue
16. Mention five (5) types of cells found in the human body
17. Define ‘peristalsis’
18. List the three (3) types of salivary glands.
19. Draw a well labeled structure of eye.
20. What are the five (5) causes of constipation?
21. Mention any five (5) resident cells of the connective tissue.
22. List any five (5) functions of the liver?
23. Define Endocrine system and mention three (3) groups in which hormone divides.
i. Endocrine system
ii. Division of Endocrine hormones.
24. Mention five (5) functions of Endocrine system.
25. Mention any five (5) common disorders of urinary system.
26. What do you understand by the following terms;
a. Cancer
b. Pathology
c. Anaplasia
d. Histology
27. Mention types of cell forming the connective tissue?
28. Enumerate with examples the classes of carcinogenic agents.
29. What do you understand by the word ‘epithelial tissue’?
30. With examples, mention five (5) types of bones
31. Mention five (5) environmental factors which the life depends upon.
32. What are the divisions of Anatomy?
33. Enumerate four (4) function of the cell plasma membrane
34. Define the following terms as used in Anatomy and Physiology.
a. Serum
b. Aplastic Anemia
c. Interstitial fluids
d. Erectile dysfunction
35. What are the common causes of urinary tract infection (UTI) 36. Mention any four (4)
hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland
37. List any four (4) types of valves of the heart.
38. List the major mechanism that regulate the extracellular fluid volume 39. What
are the functions of the blood?
40. In a tabular form write the differences between arteries and veins
41. Mention five (5) functions of the blood
42. List five (5) Accessory organs of the digestive system
43. Differentiate between Blood plasma and serum
44. Mention the three (3) types of blood cells
45. List two (2) composition of blood
46. Mention the function of Red Blood cells
47. Mention the site for production of Red blood cells
48. Enumerate two (2) generation of teeth
49. Mention six (6) basic processes of digestion
50. Outline five (5) Functions of the liver
51. List five (5) accessory structures of the eyeball
52. Define the following terms
i. Deglutition ii.
Basophils iii. Circulatory
system iv. Oogenesis
v. Fertilization
53. What do you understand by the following terms;
a. Synapse
b. Pathology
c. Blood Plasma
d. Histology
54. What is the major components of the nervous tissue?
55. Identify the three (3) types of muscle tissue and in each give its location in the body.
56. What do you understand by the word ‘cardiovascular system’?
57. Excluding cardiovascular system, List any other five (5) systems of the human body 58.
Mention five (5) environmental factors which the life depends upon.
59. What are the divisions of Anatomy?
60. Enumerate four (4) function of the cell plasma membrane
61. Define the following terms as used in Anatomy and Physiology.
a. Serum
b. Aplastic Anemia
c. Interstitial fluids
d. Myocardial infarction
62. Mention four (4) valves of the heart.
63. List the major mechanism that regulate the extracellular fluid volume 64. What are the
causes of constipation?
65. What are the functions of the liver?
66. Mention types of teeth that make 32 permanent teeth in man.
67. What are the functions of the blood?
68. Define ‘anatomy’
69. Mention three (3) division of anatomy.
70. Enumerate the three (3) phases of mechanism of swallowing.
71. Mention any three (3) types of wondering cells of connective tissue.
72. Draw a well labeled structure of nephron.
73. What are the causes of constipation?
74. Mention any four (4) hormones of the pituitary gland.
75. What are the functions of the liver?
76. Mention types of teeth that make 32 permanent teeth in man.
77. Define ‘peristalsis’
78. List the three (3) types of salivary glands.
79. Enumerate the three (3) phases of mechanism of swallowing 80. Mention any three (3)
hormones produced by thyroid gland.
81. Draw a well labeled transverse structure of male reproductive system.
82. What are the symptoms of constipation?
83. Mention any four (4) resident cells of the connective tissue.
84. What are the functions of the liver?
85. In a tabular form write the differences between intracellular and extracellular fluids?
86. Define the following terms as used in anatomy and physiology.
a. Acidosis
b. Plasma
c. Hemolytic anemia
d. Atherosclerosis
87. Briefly explain the process of urine formation
88. Draw a well labelled diagram of the nephron.
89. What are the risk factors for a female to have breast cancer?
90. Briefly explain the significances of Red Blood Cell (RBC) to lack nucleus.
91. Mention any four (4) functions of the blood.
92. Briefly explain about neural mechanism of regulating extracellular fluid volume.

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:
• This section consists of two (2) questions which are supposed to be answered in
a narrative way.
• Write your answer on the blank spaces in your question paper; each question
should start on a new page.

1. With an example, write an essay on five (5) functions of epithelial tissue.

2. Cell is the basic structure and functional unit of life, with example of organelle explain
any five (5) functions of cell.
3. Write an essay on hypertension explaining in details about the three (3) classifications of
hypertension.
4. Blood is the most important and only fluid tissue in the human body, write an essay on
Blood under the following guidelines.
• Introduction about blood.
• Components of the blood.
• Five Functions of blood.
• Conclusion
5. Describe the structure and function of the heart based on the layers of the heart wall and
chambers of the heart.
6. With examples write an essay on the six levels of structural organization of the body
7. Explain in series of events the process of spermatogenesis under the following guidelines
 Introduction about spermatogenesis
• Explanation of stages in the process.
• Diagram showing summary of the process.
• Conclusion.
8. Explain in details about any four (4) functions of the kidney.
9. Explain the types of WBCs
10. Explain the three phases of Menstrual cycle
11. With an example, write an essay on five (5) functions of epithelial tissue.
12. Blood is the most important and only fluid tissue in the human body, write an essay on
Blood under the following guidelines.
• Introduction about blood.
• Components of the blood.
• Five Functions of blood.
• Conclusion
13. Explain any five (5) functions of the digestive tract.
14. Explain in details any five (5) functions of the kidney.
15. Explain in details about any four (4) functions of the kidney.
16. Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life, explain the functions of any five (5)
organelles found in the animal cell.
17. Explain in details three (3) phases of menstrual cycle.
18. Write an essay on hypertension explaining in details about the classification of
hypertension.

PREPARED BY;
PHARM. OMARI JS.
TUTOR, HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY