Mathematics curriculum of primary and secondary level in Bangladesh

The mathematics curriculum in Bangladesh for primary and secondary levels is

structured to provide a strong foundational understanding of mathematical
concepts, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking. Here's an overview of
the curriculum at both levels:

Primary Level (Grades 1-5)

Grade 1-2: Basic Concepts
Numbers: Recognition, counting, and basic operations (addition and
subtraction).
Shapes: Introduction to geometric shapes and their properties.
Measurement: Basic concepts of length, weight, and volume.
Money: Understanding and handling currency.
Time: Reading clocks and understanding calendars.

Grade 3-5: Expanding Knowledge

Operations: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with larger
numbers.
Fractions and Decimals: Basic understanding and operations.
Geometry: More complex shapes, area, and perimeter.
Data Handling: Introduction to simple graphs and data representation.
Patterns: Recognizing and creating patterns.

Secondary Level (Grades 6-10)

Grade 6-8: Intermediate Concepts

Algebra: Introduction to variables, expressions, and simple equations.
Geometry: Properties of angles, triangles, and circles; introduction to the
Pythagorean theorem.
Statistics: Data collection, representation, and interpretation.
Ratio and Proportion: Understanding and solving problems involving ratios.
Introduction to Probability: Basic concepts and applications.

Grade 9-10: Advanced Topics

Advanced Algebra: Quadratic equations, functions, and graphing.
Geometry: More advanced concepts including congruence, similarity, and
theorems related to circles.
Trigonometry: Basics of sine, cosine, tangent, and their applications.
Calculus (Introduction): Basic concepts of limits and derivatives, depending on
the school.
Real-life Applications: Applying mathematical concepts to solve real-world
problems.

Assessment and Evaluation

Students are assessed through regular class tests, term examinations, and board
examinations at the end of Grade 10.
Emphasis is placed on both theoretical understanding and practical problem-
solving skills.

Teaching Methods
The curriculum promotes interactive learning, use of visual aids, and practical
activities to enhance understanding.
Teachers are encouraged to adopt a student-centered approach to make learning
more engaging.
Objectives and learning outcomes of different content in Bangladesh
curriculum
In the Bangladesh curriculum, the objectives and learning outcomes for
"Arithmetic" are designed to develop students' foundational mathematical skills
and enhance their ability to apply these skills in various contexts. Here’s a
summary of the key objectives and learning outcomes for Arithmetic:
Objectives of Arithmetic
1. Understanding Numbers:
o Develop a strong grasp of whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.
o Recognize and understand the place value system.
2. Basic Operations:
o Master the four fundamental arithmetic operations: addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.
o Understand the relationship between these operations.
3. Problem-Solving Skills:
o Foster the ability to solve real-life problems using arithmetic
concepts.
o Encourage logical reasoning and critical thinking in problem-
solving.
4. Measurement and Estimation:
o Understand and apply concepts of measurement (length, weight,
volume) in practical situations.
o Develop skills in estimating quantities and calculations.
5. Data Handling:
o Introduce basic concepts of data collection, organization, and
interpretation.
o Encourage students to represent data using simple charts and
graphs.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the Arithmetic curriculum, students should be able to:
1. Perform Operations:
o Accurately perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.
2. Solve Word Problems:
o Analyze and solve a variety of word problems using appropriate
arithmetic operations.
3. Estimation Skills:
o Use estimation to make reasonable guesses about quantities and
solve problems efficiently.
4. Measurement Applications:
o Apply measurement concepts to real-life situations, such as
calculating area, perimeter, and volume.
5. Data Representation:
o Collect, organize, and represent data in simple forms such as bar
graphs, pie charts, and tables.
6. Mathematical Communication:
o Communicate mathematical ideas clearly, using appropriate
terminology and notation.
7. Critical Thinking:
o Develop the ability to think critically about mathematical problems
and strategies for solutions.
Conclusion
The Arithmetic component of the Bangladesh curriculum aims to equip students
with essential mathematical skills that form the basis for more advanced studies
in mathematics and are applicable in everyday life. The focus is on both
theoretical understanding and practical application, fostering a well-rounded
mathematical education.
Objectives and learning outcomes of 'Algebra' in Bangladesh curriculum
In the Bangladesh curriculum, the objectives and learning outcomes for
"Algebra" aim to provide students with a solid foundation in algebraic concepts
and skills, essential for higher-level mathematics and practical applications.
Here’s an overview:
Objectives of Algebra
1. Understanding Algebraic Concepts:
o Develop a clear understanding of variables, constants, expressions,
and equations.
o Recognize the role of algebra in representing mathematical
relationships.
2. Manipulating Algebraic Expressions:
o Learn to simplify, expand, and factor algebraic expressions.
o Understand and apply the rules of algebraic operations.
3. Solving Equations:
o Acquire skills to solve linear equations and inequalities.
o Understand methods for solving quadratic equations.
4. Graphing Functions:
o Introduce concepts of functions and their graphical representations.
o Understand the relationship between algebraic equations and their
graphs.
5. Real-world Applications:
o Apply algebraic concepts to solve real-life problems and scenarios.
o Use algebra to model and analyze quantitative relationships.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the Algebra curriculum, students should be able to:
1. Algebraic Manipulation:
o Simplify and manipulate algebraic expressions confidently.
o Factor polynomials and solve various types of equations.
2. Equation Solving:
o Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable.
o Apply methods to solve quadratic equations, including factoring
and the quadratic formula.
3. Graphing Skills:
o Plot linear equations and functions on a Cartesian plane.
o Understand the characteristics of different types of functions
(linear, quadratic).
4. Problem-solving:
o Analyze and solve word problems using algebraic methods.
o Formulate algebraic equations from real-life situations.
5. Function Concepts:
o Identify and define functions, understanding domain and range.
o Work with different types of functions, including linear and
quadratic.
6. Critical Thinking:
o Demonstrate critical thinking and reasoning in solving algebraic
problems.
o Justify the steps taken in solving equations and simplifying
expressions.
Conclusion
The Algebra component of the Bangladesh curriculum aims to build a robust
framework for students to understand and apply algebraic concepts. This
foundation is crucial not only for further studies in mathematics but also for
everyday problem-solving and logical reasoning in various contexts.
Objectives and learning outcomes of 'geometry' in Bangladesh curriculum
In the Bangladesh curriculum, the objectives and learning outcomes for
"Geometry" are designed to help students understand geometric concepts,
develop spatial reasoning skills, and apply these concepts in practical situations.
Here’s an overview:
Objectives of Geometry
1. Understanding Geometric Shapes and Properties:
o Develop a clear understanding of basic geometric shapes, their
properties, and classifications (e.g., triangles, quadrilaterals,
circles).
o Explore the relationships between different geometric figures.
2. Measurement and Calculation:
o Learn to calculate measurements related to geometric shapes, such
as area, perimeter, and volume.
o Understand the concept of angles and their measurements.
3. Visualizing and Representing Shapes:
o Enhance spatial visualization skills through drawing and
constructing geometric figures.
o Use geometric tools (like compasses and rulers) to create accurate
representations.
4. Applying Geometry to Real-world Problems:
o Apply geometric principles to solve real-life problems and
scenarios.
o Understand the role of geometry in various fields, such as
architecture and engineering.
5. Developing Reasoning and Proof Skills:
o Introduce concepts of geometric reasoning and proof, including the
use of logical arguments to establish geometric relationships.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the Geometry curriculum, students should be able to:
1. Identify and Classify Shapes:
o Identify, classify, and describe various geometric shapes and their
properties.
o Recognize congruence and similarity in geometric figures.
2. Calculate Measurements:
o Accurately calculate the perimeter, area, and volume of different
geometric shapes.
o Measure angles using appropriate tools and understand their
relationships.
3. Construct Geometric Figures:
o Use geometric tools to construct shapes and figures accurately.
o Demonstrate the ability to draw geometric representations with
precision.
4. Solve Geometric Problems:
o Apply geometric concepts to solve practical problems, such as
those involving design, construction, and spatial reasoning.
o Use geometry to analyze and interpret data in various contexts.
5. Demonstrate Reasoning Skills:
o Understand and apply basic principles of geometric reasoning and
proof.
o Formulate logical arguments based on geometric properties and
relationships.
Conclusion
The Geometry component of the Bangladesh curriculum is designed to foster a
deep understanding of geometric concepts and their applications. By
emphasizing both theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the curriculum
aims to prepare students for further studies in mathematics and to develop their
ability to think critically and solve problems in everyday life.
Objectives and learning outcomes of 'Trigonometry' in Bangladesh
curriculum
In the Bangladesh curriculum, the objectives and learning outcomes for
"Trigonometry" focus on helping students understand trigonometric concepts,
their applications, and how to solve problems involving triangles and periodic
phenomena. Here’s an overview:
Objectives of Trigonometry
1. Understanding Trigonometric Ratios:
o Develop a clear understanding of the primary trigonometric ratios:
sine, cosine, and tangent, as well as their reciprocals (cosecant,
secant, and cotangent).
o Explore the relationships between these ratios in right-angled
triangles.
2. Unit Circle and Angles:
o Introduce the concept of the unit circle and its significance in
defining trigonometric functions for all angles.
o Understand the measurement of angles in degrees and radians.
3. Graphing Trigonometric Functions:
o Learn to graph basic trigonometric functions and understand their
properties, including amplitude, period, and phase shifts.
4. Applications of Trigonometry:
o Apply trigonometric concepts to solve real-life problems, including
those in physics, engineering, and architecture.
o Use trigonometry in calculating distances, heights, and angles in
various contexts.
5. Trigonometric Identities and Equations:
o Familiarize students with key trigonometric identities and how to
use them to simplify expressions and solve equations.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the Trigonometry curriculum, students should be able to:
1. Calculate Trigonometric Ratios:
o Accurately calculate sine, cosine, and tangent ratios for given
angles in right-angled triangles.
o Use trigonometric ratios to solve problems involving right
triangles.
2. Utilize the Unit Circle:
o Understand and apply the unit circle to determine the values of
trigonometric functions for various angles.
o Convert between degrees and radians effectively.
3. Graph Trigonometric Functions:
o Graph sine, cosine, and tangent functions, recognizing their
periodic nature and transformations.
o Analyze the key features of these graphs, including intercepts and
asymptotes.
4. Solve Real-world Problems:
o Apply trigonometric concepts to solve practical problems involving
heights, distances, and angles of elevation and depression.
o Interpret the results in the context of real-life scenarios.
5. Simplify and Solve Trigonometric Equations:
o Utilize trigonometric identities to simplify complex expressions.
o Solve basic trigonometric equations and apply various methods for
finding solutions.
Conclusion
The Trigonometry component of the Bangladesh curriculum aims to equip
students with a solid understanding of trigonometric principles and their
applications. By emphasizing both theoretical knowledge and practical
problem-solving skills, the curriculum prepares students for advanced studies in
mathematics and related fields, fostering critical thinking and analytical
abilities.
Objectives and learning outcomes of 'Demography' in Bangladesh
curriculum
In the Bangladesh curriculum, the objectives and learning outcomes for
"Demography" focus on helping students understand population dynamics, the
structure of populations, and the implications of demographic changes. Here’s
an overview:
Objectives of Demography
1. Understanding Population Concepts:
o Develop a foundational understanding of key demographic
concepts, such as population size, density, distribution, and growth
rates.
o Explore the significance of demography in social, economic, and
environmental contexts.
2. Analyzing Population Data:
o Learn to collect, interpret, and analyze demographic data from
various sources, including census reports and surveys.
o Understand the importance of data in assessing population trends
and making informed decisions.
3. Examining Population Dynamics:
o Study the factors affecting population changes, including birth
rates, death rates, migration, and fertility.
o Analyze the impact of demographic changes on society and the
economy.
4. Understanding Population Policies:
o Explore the role of government policies and programs in managing
population issues, such as family planning and immigration.
o Discuss the ethical considerations related to population control and
demographic planning.
5. Connecting Demography to Global Issues:
o Understand the relationship between demographic trends and
global challenges, such as urbanization, climate change, and
resource allocation.
 o Foster a global perspective on demographic issues and their
implications for sustainable development.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the Demography curriculum, students should be able to:
1. Define Key Terms:
o Accurately define and explain key demographic concepts and
terminology.
2. Analyze Population Data:
o Collect and interpret demographic data, utilizing graphs and
statistical methods to identify trends.
o Critically analyze population statistics to assess their implications
for society.
3. Evaluate Population Dynamics:
o Describe the factors that influence population growth and decline,
including social, economic, and environmental factors.
o Analyze case studies to understand the effects of demographic
changes on communities and regions.
4. Assess Population Policies:
o Evaluate the effectiveness of various population policies and
programs implemented in Bangladesh and globally.
o Discuss the social and ethical implications of demographic
policies.
5. Connect Demography to Global Issues:
o Identify and discuss the connections between demographic trends
and broader global issues such as poverty, health, education, and
sustainability.
o Propose informed solutions to demographic challenges facing
Bangladesh and the world.
Conclusion
The Demography component of the Bangladesh curriculum aims to provide
students with a comprehensive understanding of population dynamics and their
implications. By integrating theoretical knowledge with practical analysis, the
curriculum prepares students to engage with demographic issues critically and
contribute to discussions on sustainable development and social planning.

 Primary Mathematics Learning Outcomes

 Counting numbers up to 1000.
 Recognizing number symbols from 0 to 9.
 Reading numbers up to crores.
 Writing numbers up to crores.
 Recognizing, reading, and writing Roman numerals up to 12.
 Determining the place value of digits in numbers up to crores.
 Comparing and ordering numbers up to ten thousand.
 Recognizing, multiplying, reading, and writing ordinal numbers up to ten.
 Adding two or more numbers up to six digits (with and without
carryover).
 Subtracting one number from another number up to six digits (with and
without carryover).
 Solving addition and subtraction problems.
 Multiplying one number by another (multiplier up to 4 digits and
multiplicand up to 3 digits).
 Dividing one number by another (dividend up to 5 digits and divisor up to
3 digits).
 Solving simple three-step problems using any three of the four operations
(addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) with numbers not
exceeding 4 digits in any step.
 Recognizing Bangladeshi currency (Taka and Paisa) and using it for
everyday transactions.
 Understanding the concept of the unitary method and using it to solve
everyday problems.
 Simplifying whole numbers.
 Solving simple problems related to averages.
 Understanding the concepts of LCM and HCF and solving simple
problems related to them.
 Recognizing and using mathematical symbols.
 Understanding the concept of fractions and recognizing and using
different types of fractions (denominator up to 2 digits).