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Computer Intro, Characteristics, History

The document provides an introduction to computers, including their history, components, and generations. It discusses how computers have evolved from early mechanical calculators to modern devices, with key developments including the vacuum tube computer, transistor computer, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. The document also outlines the main components of a computer system and characteristics of computers like processing speed, accuracy, reliability and versatility.

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InSha RafIq
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69 views6 pages

Computer Intro, Characteristics, History

The document provides an introduction to computers, including their history, components, and generations. It discusses how computers have evolved from early mechanical calculators to modern devices, with key developments including the vacuum tube computer, transistor computer, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. The document also outlines the main components of a computer system and characteristics of computers like processing speed, accuracy, reliability and versatility.

Uploaded by

InSha RafIq
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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25-08-2009

Computers: An Introduction
Introduction to Computers Characteristics of Computers History/Evolution Generations Of Computers

Introduction To Computers
Definition:
Its an electronic Device that is used for information Processing. Computer.. Latin word.. compute Calculation Machine

A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software

Introduction To Computers
Accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output Input refers to whatever is sent to a Computer system Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas Processing is the way that a computer manipulates data A computer processes data in a device called the central processing unit (CPU)

Introduction To Computers
Memory is an area of a computer that holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis Computer output is the result produced by the computer An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing

25-08-2009

Introduction To Computers

Introduction To Computers
Computer Performs computations and makes logical decisions Millions / billions times faster than human beings Computer programs Sets of instructions for which computer processes data Hardware Physical devices of computer system Software Programs that run on computers

Introduction To Computers
Definition:
Introduction To Computer Software Operating system Problem solving Techniques Computer Prog ramming languages Computer Threats

Capabilities of Computers
Huge Data Storage Input and Output Processing

25-08-2009

Introduction To Computers
Characteristics of Computers
High Processing Speed Accuracy Reliability Versatility Diligence

Introduction To Computers
History Of Computers

Before the 1500s, in Europe, calculations were made with an abacus Invented around 500BC, available in many cultures (China, Mesopotamia, Japan, Greece, Rome, etc.) In 1642, Blaise Pascal (French mathematician, physicist, philosopher) invented a mechanical calculator called the Pascaline In 1671, Gottfried von Leibniz (German mathematician, philosopher) extended the Pascaline to do multiplications, divisions, square roots: the Stepped Reckoner

In 1822 Charles Babbage (English mathematician, philosopher), sometimes called the father of computing built the Difference Engine Machine designed to automate the computation (tabulation) of polynomial functions (which are known to be good approximations of many useful functions) Based on the method of finite difference Implements some storage In 1833 Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, but he died before he could build it It was built after his death, powered by steam

None of these machines had memory, and they required human intervention at each step

25-08-2009

Introduction To Computers
Generations of Computers

Introduction To Computers
Generation of Computers
First Generation (1946-59) Second Generation(1957-64) Third Generation(1965-70) Fourth Generation(1970-90) Fifth Generation(1990 till date)

Introduction To Computers
Generation 0: Mechanical Calculators Generation 1: Vacuum Tube Computers Generation 2: Transistor Computers Generation 3: Integrated Circuits Generation 4: Microprocessors

Introduction To Computers

25-08-2009

Introduction To Computers
Some Pictures..

Generation 1 : ENIAC The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was unveiled in 1946: the first all-electronic, general-purpose digital computer

Generation 2: IBM7094
The use of binary In the 30s Claude Shannon (the father of information theory) had proposed that the use of binary arithmetic and boolean logic should be used with electronic circuits The Von-Neumann architecture

CPU

Memory

I/O System

25-08-2009

Generation 3: Integrated Circuits

Generation 4: VLSI

Microprocessors

Improvements to IC technology made it possible to integrate more and more transistors in a single chip SSI (Small Scale Integration): 10-100 MSI (Medium Scale Integration): 1001,000 LSI (Large Scale Integration): 1,00010,000 VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration): >10,000

Seymour Cray created the Cray Research Corporation Cray-1: $8.8 million, 160 million instructions per seconds and 8 Mbytes of memory

Generation 5? The term Generation 5 is used sometimes to refer to all more or less sci fi future developments Voice recognition Artificial intelligence Quantum computing Bio computing Nano technology Learning Natural languages

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