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Experiment 1 - 2024

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11 views4 pages

Experiment 1 - 2024

Uploaded by

drabiak2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENGINEERING FACULTY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

EEM 206 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT #1

BASIC MEASUREMENTS AND OSCILLOSCOPE


1. INTRODUCTION
Oscilloscope: Oscilloscopes are used to display electrical signals for visual observation. Besides seeing the
fine details of the signal, it is possible to make various measurements such as peak-to-peak voltage,
instantaneous voltage, period and frequency, rise time, phase difference, etc. Hence, they are extremely
important for electrical engineers. The oscilloscopes that you will be using in the lab are Textronix 2205.
It is a dual-channel 20 MHz instrument. The front panel is divided into 4 major sections. These sections and
the contents, connections and indicators on the front panel will be explained to you in the lab.

AC Signal: Alternating current (AC) signal varies in both magnitude and direction with respect to time.
In alternating current (AC), the flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction. In direct current (DC),
the flow of electric charge is only in one direction.

Period: The period is the smallest value of T satisfying g(t + T) = g(t) for all t. It's the smallest amount of time
it takes for the function to repeat itself. If the period of a function is finite, the function is called "periodic".
Functions that never repeat themselves have an infinite period and are known as "aperiodic functions". The
period of a periodic waveform will be denoted with a capital T. The period is measured in seconds.

Frequency: The frequency of a periodic function is the number of complete cycles that can occur per second.
Frequency is denoted with a lower-case f. Frequency has units of hertz or cycle per second. It is defined in
terms of the period, as follows:
1
𝑓=
𝑇
Phase Difference: Phase difference is the difference, expressed in degrees or time, between two waves
having the same frequency and referenced to the same point in time. Two oscillators that have the same
frequency and no phase difference are said to be in phase. Two oscillators that have the same frequency and
different phases have a phase difference.

Function Generator: Function generators are devices that can provide various signals. The Textronix CFG
250 Function Generator that you will use has the following properties:

• Frequency range: 2.0 Hz to 2 MHz using the 7 push buttons and the variable control
• Output signals: Square wave, sine wave, saw tooth wave. (Also, TTL pulse and sweep function
for all outputs)
• Frequency Accuracy: ±5% of full scale
• Main Output Amplitude:
1. With the VOLTS OUT button pushed in: 10 mVpp to 2 Vpp (open-circuit)
2. With the VOLTS OUT button pushed out: 100 mVpp to 20 Vpp (open-circuit)
• Output impedance: 50Ω ± 10%
• DC Offset: -10 V to +10 V (open circuit)
• Duty cycle: 5 to 1 minimum duty cycle change. (50% at max CCW or Cal Position)
EXPERIMENT 1
BASIC MEASUREMENTS AND OSCILLOSCOPE
Equipment: Dual channel oscilloscope, Function generator, DC power supply, bread board, and cables.
Materials Required: 1x 47 Ω, 2x 100 Ω, 1x 330 Ω, 1x 560 Ω resistors.

1. Set up the circuit below. Calculate (Prelab) and Measure (In-lab) all the required values for steps a to c,
then complete Part 1 in the report.

V1 I1 I4 V4
R1 I I R4 I
100 47
R2 R3 R5
1 V 330 V 560 V 100 V

a) Resistor values R1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 .


b) The voltages V1 , V2 , V3 , V4 , and V5 .
c) The currents I1 , I2 , I3 , I4 , and I5 .

2. Voltage and Time Measurements


• Turn on the oscilloscope.
• Connect the function generator output to CH1 input of the oscilloscope.
• Adjust the function generator to set the input signal peak-to-peak voltage to VPP = 4V (Make sure that
multiplication of VOLTS/DIV value and the number of vertical divisions from peak to peak is equal to
4V).
• Center the signal on the oscilloscope display with vertical position rotary knobs.
• Adjust the function generator to set the input signal frequency to f = 1 kHz. Calculate the period of
this signal and validate it by using oscilloscope. (Make sure that multiplication of SEC/DIV setting and
the number of horizontal divisions between zero-crossings equals the calculated period).
• Complete the required information for report Part 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4.
• Draw the waveform in the designated area of Part 2.5 in the report.
EXPERIMENT 1- REPORT Name : …………………….
Table No : …………………….
BASIC MEASUREMENTS AND OSCILLOSCOPE Group : …………………….
Grade : …………………….

PART- 1. Results.

Nominal Calculated Calculated Measured Measured Measured


Resistor
Resistance Voltage Current Resistance Voltage Current
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5

PART- 2. Results.

2.1. Peak-to-peak voltage of the signal is ______ volts.

Vm Vpp
2.2. Calculate Vrms = where Vp = is the peak (maximum) value.
√2 2

𝐕𝐫𝐦𝐬 : _______ volts

2.3. Set the multimeter to measure AC Volts and measure the rms voltage.
𝐕𝐫𝐦𝐬 : _______ volts

2.4. Calculate the frequency and the period values (do not forget to write units).

Frequency: __________ Period : __________

2.5. Draw waveform on given figure below (do not forget to fill VOLTS/DIV and SEC/DIV).

VOLTS/DIV: _______
SEC/DIV: _______

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