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    Worksheet #1

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    Worksheet #1

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    Introduction to Communication Systems 1

    ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY


    FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
    WORKSHEET (#1) FOR G43E STUDENTS

    1. Find the fundamental period 𝑇𝑜 and the Fourier coefficients 𝐶𝑛 for the signal
    𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑡.

    2. Find the Fourier transform of:


    a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 𝑢(𝑡), 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏 > 0.
    b) 𝑥(𝑡) = sin 𝜔𝑜 𝑡
    c) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡𝑜 )

    3. Proof the frequency convolution theorem


    1
    𝑥1 (𝑡)𝑥2 (𝑡) ↔ 𝑋 (𝜔) ∗ 𝑋2 (𝜔)
    2𝜋 1
    [Hint: Apply the duality property to the time convolution theorem]

    4. Consider a system with input 𝑥(𝑡) and 𝑦(𝑡) given by


    ∞

    𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡)𝛿𝑇 (𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∑ 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑛𝑇)


    𝑛=−∞
    a) Is the system linear? How?
    b) Is this system time-invariant?

    5. In a binary communication system (Fig. 1), a 0 or 1 can be transmitted. Because of channel


    noise, a 0 can be received as a 1 and vice versa. Let 𝑚0 and 𝑚1 denote the events of
    transmitting 0 and 1, respectively. Let 𝑟0 and 𝑟1 denote the events of receiving 0 and
    1, respectively. Let 𝑃(𝑚1 ) = 0.5, 𝑃(𝑟1 \𝑚0 ) = 𝑝 = 0.15, and 𝑃(𝑟0 \𝑚1 ) = 𝑞 = 0.22.

    𝑚0 𝑃(𝑟0 \𝑚0 )
    𝑟0
    𝑃(𝑚0 )

    𝑚1 𝑟1
    𝑃(𝑚1 ) 𝑃(𝑟1 \𝑚1 )
    𝐹𝑖𝑔. 1 𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚

    a) Find 𝑃(𝑟0 ) and 𝑃(𝑟1 ).


    b) If 0 was received, what is a probability that a 0 was sent?
    c) If 1 was received, what is a probability that a 1 was sent?
    d) Calculate the probability of error 𝑃𝑒
    e) Calculate the probability that the transmitted signal is correctly read at the receiver.

    Set by: Fraol B. March 2021


    Introduction to Communication Systems 2

    6. A binary source generates digits 1 and 0 randomly. The probability of generating a binary
    1 is 0.55.
    a) What is the probability that three 1s and four 0s will occur in a seven-digit sequence?
    b) What is the probability that at least four 1s will occur in a seven-digit sequence?

    7. Suppose that a WSS random process X(t) with power spectrum S𝑋𝑋 (𝜔) is the input to the
    filter shown in Fig. 2. Find the power spectrum of the output process 𝑌(𝑡).

    X(t) Y(t)
    ∑

    Delay Fig. 2
    T

    8. Consider the random process 𝑋(𝑡) defined by 𝑋(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡 where 𝜔 is constant and 𝐴
    is random variable uniformly distributed over [0, 1]. Find the autocorrelation and
    autocovariance of 𝑋(𝑡).

    9. Let 𝑋(𝑡) and 𝑌(𝑡) be both zero-mean and WSS random processes. Consider the random
    process 𝑍(𝑡) defined by
    𝑍(𝑡) = 𝑋(𝑡) + 𝑌(𝑡)
    a) Determine the autocorrelation and the power spectrum of 𝑍(𝑡) if 𝑋(𝑡) and 𝑌(𝑡)
    are jointly WSS.
    b) Repeat part (a) if 𝑋(𝑡) and 𝑌(𝑡) are orthogonal.
    c) Show that if 𝑋(𝑡) and 𝑌(𝑡) are orthogonal, then the mean square of 𝑍(𝑡) is equal
    to the sum of the mean squares of 𝑋(𝑡) and 𝑌(𝑡).

    10. A class of modulated random signal 𝑌(𝑡) is defined by


    𝑌(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑋(𝑡)cos (𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + Θ)
    Where 𝑋(𝑡) is the random message signal and 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + Θ) is the carrier. The random
    message signal 𝑋(𝑡) is a zero-mean stationary random process with autocorrelation 𝑅𝑋𝑋 (𝜏)
    and power spectrum 𝑆𝑋𝑋 (𝜔). The carrier amplitude 𝐴 and the frequency 𝜔𝑐 are constants,
    and phase Θ is a random variable uniformly distributed over [0, 2𝜋]. Assuming that 𝑋(𝑡)
    and Θ are independent, find the mean, autocorrelation and power spectrum of 𝑌(𝑡).

    Set by: Fraol B. March 2021

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