Forest Fire Detection For Ecosystem Preservation

Forest Fire Detection for Ecosystem Preservation
A Programming Embedded System presented to the faculty of

School of Engineering and Technology
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in the subject

PEMBEDS – PROGRAMMING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Leading to the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Presented by:
Cabral, Carl Adrian A
Bonajos, Richard B.
Daguna, Gian Kyle P.
Submitted to:
Mr. John Gabriel C. Sambajon, LPT, MIT

Instructor
April 2024
The Problem and its Background
Forest fires, also called wildfires, are untamed and frequently extensive fires that devour
natural environments like forests, grasslands, and prairies. They can start from natural
occurrences like lightning strikes or human actions such as campfires, thrown-away
cigarettes, and intentional burning. Each year, forest fires devastate millions of acres,
causing widespread ecological damage that affects not only the plants and animals but also
the nearby human communities inhabiting these lush landscapes.
Forest fires have been increasingly severe as time goes by. According to World Resources
Institute, forest fires now result in 3 million more hectares of tree cover loss per year
compared to 2001. In addition, 2021 was one of the worst years for forest fires since the
turn of the century, causing an alarming 9.3 million hectares of tree cover loss globally.
Some environmental problems caused by forest fires are: Increasing carbon emissions
which drive hotter and drier conditions, which in turn dries out forests and make them more
prone to fires, as more forests go dry, larger areas burn fire and become more frequent and
intense. Therefore, it is imperative that we as humans adopt counteractive measures and
help prevent forest fires. We, as a group, will create a prototype which will automatically
detect forest fires and alert local authority to quickly resolve the disaster happening. This
project aligns with this group’s Sustainable Development Goal of “Life on Land,” Which
advocates the protection, promotion, and restoration of Forests and wildlife.
Statement of the Problem
In the recent years, the Earth had a dramatic increase in the frequency and intensity of
forest fires and it is still increasing to this day. These fires, which are caused by both natural
and anthropogenic causes. Forest fires are usually hard to exterminate the longer it lasts.
Given the urgency of the situation, it is crucial to create innovative solutions that will mitigate
the impact of forest fires. With this project, humanity can help lessen the damages of forest
fires.
Objectives
1. Create a device which will send an alert to people that a fire was detected.
2. Develop a prototype that will detect forest fires at the earliest possible stage.
3. Minimize environmental damage by preserving biodiversity and protecting
wildlife habitats through the use of this prototype.
Scope and Limitation

This project will focus on extinguishing fires to help local wildlife and the ecosystem. This
study will help future researchers determine the causes of forest fires and how to prevent
further damage. Our group aims to develop an effective fire extinguishing system which will
be fit to be installed in forests. This prototype will not be able to predict how forest fires
occur in real time, but will respond to detected fires promptly. The effectiveness of this
prototype may vary based on certain environmental factors that may hinder the potential of
this project.
Significance of the Project

To the Wildlife: This project will lessen major forest fires and help prevent the constant
drying of local forests. Giving shelter to plants and animals.
To the Future Researchers: Future researchers may use this work as a guide and as
reference when creating relevant projects. They may also gather information that will
improve their study.
To the Firemen and other local authority: This project should help lessen their workload
and save more lives at the same time.
Hardware Requirements
1.Smoke Sensor (MQ-2):
Functions:
Detects smoke particles in the air.
Triggers alarms upon detecting smoke, indicating a potential fire.
Features:
Widely available and affordable.
Sensitive to a wide range of smoke concentrations.
2. Heat Sensor (MQ-5):

Functions:
Detects changes in temperature, indicating potential heat sources or fires.
Features:
Complements smoke detection for enhanced fire detection capabilities.
Affordable and easy to integrate into the system.
3. Microcontroller (Arduino Uno):

Functions:
Processes data from smoke and heat sensors.
Controls the system's operation and triggers alarms.
Features:
Popular and easy-to-use platforms.
Provides flexibility for programming and customization.
Enables integration with other hardware components.
4.Wireless Module (ESP8266 WiFi):
Functions:
Establishes wireless communication for remote monitoring and alerting.
Sends alerts to a central monitoring station or authorities.
Features:
WiFi connectivity for seamless data transmission.
Allows for real-time monitoring and timely response to fire incidents.
Facilitates remote management and control of the system.
5.Alarm Indicator (Active Buzzer Module):
Functions:
Produces audible alerts to notify nearby individuals of detected fires.
Features:
Loud sound output for effective alerting.
Enhances situational awareness and prompt evacuation in case of fire.
Easy to install and integrate into the system.
Software Requirements
Arduino IDE:
Version 1.8.19 or compatible version.
Required for programming the Arduino Uno microcontroller.
Arduino Libraries:
MQ Series Library:
Used for interfacing with the MQ-2 and MQ-5 sensors.
Assists in reading sensor data and triggering alarms.
WiFi Library:
Enables communication with the ESP8266 WiFi module.
Facilitates establishing WiFi connections and sending alerts over WiFi.
Buzzer Library:
a library specific to controlling the buzzer module.
Allows for generating audible alerts when smoke or heat is detected.
Mobile app Integration

Integrating a mobile application into a forest fire detection system improves its functionality
and user experience. The application provides real-time monitoring, alarm notifications,
remote control capabilities and visual representation of fire locations on maps. Users can
also analyze historical data and provide feedback through the program, improving system
efficiency and usability.
App Functionality
The MQ-2 sensor is used by the forest fire detection system to detect smoke, which then
sets off an alarm. Its main use is to improve public safety by acting as an early warning
system for forest fires. Additionally, it can support community awareness of fire hazards,
environmental monitoring, and wildfire prevention.
Communication explanation
Data transmission of the forest fire detection system includes data exchange between
sensors, microcontrollers and a central monitoring station or mobile application. Sensors
detect smoke and heat, microcontrollers process the data, and alarms are wirelessly
transmitted to a monitoring station or application. Users can receive real-time alerts and
remotely monitor system status through the app, improving its effectiveness in detecting and
mitigating fire hazards.
User Manual
Users can install the system according to the included instructions, use it to monitor fire
hazards and integrate with a mobile phone for remote monitoring and management. To
ensure the continuous efficiency of the system, regular maintenance work has been
outlined. Safety precautions are emphasized to prevent accidents during installation and
use. Overall, the manual provides comprehensive instructions for the implementation,
operation and maintenance of a forest fire detection system to improve forest safety.

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Forest Fire Detection for Ecosystem Preservation

A Programming Embedded System presented to the faculty of

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in the subject

Leading to the degree of

Mr. John Gabriel C. Sambajon, LPT, MIT

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Limitation

Significance of the Project

1.Smoke Sensor (MQ-2):

2. Heat Sensor (MQ-5):

3. Microcontroller (Arduino Uno):

Mobile app Integration

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