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Driver Drowsiness and Alcohol Detection System

using Arduino

M R Archana Jenis, Anitha K, Jayalakshmi J & Binuja B.

ABSTRACT
Drowsiness in driving causes the major road accidents. Now a day’s drowsiness due to drunken driving
is increasing. If driver is found to be drowsiness in eyes more than 5 secs, then the eye blink sensor
senses the blink rate. If the eyes are found to be closed, then the speed of the car slows down. In our
proposed system, along with drowsiness, alcohol detection is also detected by using alcohol MQ3
sensor. If alcohol is detected in driver’s breathe, then the car slows down. These sensors are interfaced
with Arduino UNO.LED glows in case of alcohol detection and buzzer rings in case of drowsiness
detection and speed of the car varies on detection of both cases.
Keywords: arduino UNO, eyeblink sensor, MQ3 sensor, L29.
Classification: LCC Code: TK7882.E2
Language: English

LJP Copyright ID: 975833

Print ISSN: 2514-863X
Online ISSN: 2514-8648

London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology

Volume 23 | Issue 3 | Compilation 1.0

449U
© 2023. M R Archana Jenis, Anitha K, Jayalakshmi J & Binuja B. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncom-mercial 4.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, permitting
all noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Driver Drowsiness and Alcohol Detection System
using Arduino
M R Archana Jenisα , Anitha Kσ, Jayalakshmi Jρ & Binuja B.Ѡ
_____________________________________

ABSTRACT reduced by using the eye blink sensor and

alcohol sensor respectively.
Drowsiness in driving causes the major road
● Hence when they are detected the speed of the
accidents. Now a day’s drowsiness due to
car slows down and stop which avoids the rash
drunken driving is increasing. If driver is found
driving .
to be drowsiness in eyes more than 5 secs, then
● Accidents due to driver drowsiness can be
the eye blink sensor senses the blink rate. If the

London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology

prevented using eye blink sensors. The driver
eyes are found to be closed, then the speed of the
is supposed to wear the eye blink sensor frame
car slows down. In our proposed system, along
with drowsiness,alcohol detection is also detected The eye-blink sensor works by illuminating the
by using alcohol MQ3 sensor. If alcohol is eye and eyelid area with infrared light, then
detected in driver’s breathe, then the car slows monitoring the changes in the reflected light using
down. These sensors are interfaced with Arduino a phototransistor and differentiator circuit. The
UNO.LED glows in case of alcohol detection and exact functionality depends greatly on the
buzzer rings in case of drowsiness detection and positioning and aiming of the emitter and detector
speed of the car varies on detection of both cases. with respect to the eye. The sensor is connected
with Arduino UNO.
Keywords: arduino UNO, eyeblink sensor, MQ3
sensor, L29. Any amount of alcohol in your bloodstream can
impact your driving ability. The effects of alcohol
Author α ρ Ѡ: Department of Computer Science and abuse vary greatly, putting you at risk for causing
Engineering. Assistant Professor, St. Joseph’s College an accident or highway injury. Safe driving
of Engineering, OMR, Chennai. requires the ability to concentrate, make good
σ: Assistant Professor, CSI College of Engineering, judgements and quickly react to situations.
Ketti,
However, alcohol affects these skills, putting
I. INTRODUCTION yourself and others in danger. The consumption of
alcohol can be detected by using MQ3 sensor.MQ3
Drowsy driving is a major problem. No one knows
sensor detects the consumption of alcohol from
the exact moment when sleep comes over their
the breath of the person. This helps in avoiding
body. This makes the driver less able to pay
accidents caused by consumption of alcohol.
attention to thrroad. It affects the driver’s ability
to make good decision. Each near nearly 1,00,000
traffic crashes can be attributed to drowsy driving,
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
including more than 1,500 death and over 70,000 In recent years, the drowsiness of the driver is
injuries, according to the detected by using image processing techniques. If
● Unsensational Highway Traffic Safety the drivers eyes closed for certain period of time,
Administration. Another major factor of the driver is said to be drowsy.As a result we get
accidents are due to consumption of alcohol. information related to driver’s condition and the
● The number of road accidents caused by speed of the car is reduced. Rate of death due to
drunken drivers was1,643 in 2018.Hence in road accidents is increasing day by day. Driver
order the reduce the accidents due to drowsiness is one of the common reasons for most
drowsiness and alcohol consumption can be of vehicle accidents.

© 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press Volume 23 | Issue 3 |Ӏ Compilation 1.0 19

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 A drowsy driving detection and avoidance system. Scanner will stop working. But if the safety feature
They utilized an image processing technique to is switched on by the Driver the IRIS Scanner will
detect the eye blink of the driver. If the drivers continuously scan the driver eyes while the driver
eyes remain closed a certain period of time, the is driving the car and check whether the driver is
driver is said to be drowsy. As a result we get attentive or not. In addition to analyzing the
immediate information related to the driver’s situation of threat due to Drowsy driving, this alert
condition and speed of the vehicle is reduced system post alarming the driver will fetch the
which reduces the chances of road accidents. In nearest refreshment halt direct him to destination
the training phase, the system uses the input with exact distance and expected time to reach
image of driver from real time camera and input and will also announce to driver through the
image undergoes several image processing steps medium of navigation system/music system
and required feature is extracted from an image. speakers of the car.

Features are trained and stored in knowledge This way we can create complete solution for
base. In the testing phase same above said safety device to alert drowsy drivers, hence saving
London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology

procedures are followed. The result of testing and many precious human lives. Fatal Road accidents
is compared with coefficients stored in knowledge can be easily avoided by understanding the
base using image classifier (SVM) and checked psychological condition of drivers. Majority of
weather driver eye is opened or not. road accidents occur during night driving due to
the state of drowsiness. This project provides an
IoT based hardware, which is advanced product eye blink monitoring system that alerts the driver
related to driver safety on the roads using during the state of drowsiness. A normal eye blink
combination of mobile computing and digital rate has no effect on the output of the system.
image processing and controller. They will detect Here we use one gate way Raspberry pi, in that
driver drowsiness and gives warning in form of gateway webcam is connected, with the help of
alarm. And traffic collision information system webcam when the driver is going to close his eyes
will continuously monitor the distance from more than 5secs it will click the picture of driver
vehicle which is done by the ultrasonic sensor. If and send to web application.
the ultrasonic sensor detects the obstacle then it
will accordingly warns the driver.If somehow In web application one admin will be there he is
collision occurs it will detect collision using impact monitoring and send the message that will be
sensor and provide emergency help service for converted into speech is initiated to wake the
driver. The alcohol sends a value of alcohol driver. To detect driver drowsiness and gives
contained in the drivers breathe in case of warning in form of alarm and traffic collision
consumption and indicates the values in LCD information system will continuously monitor the
display and sends message to the registered phone distance from vehicle which is done by the
number.In case of high level consumption of ultrasonic sensor and provides warning to the
alcohol, it stops the ignition of the motor of the driver and also in case of any collison occurs, it
car. The scanning of driver’s eyes continuously provides emergency help service for driver. For
using the Eye Scanner, so that whenever the car Health Monitoring of driver, making wearable
driver closes his eyes for a longer period (2 device which will give the heart beat and body
seconds or more), the scanner generates or temperature of the driver, so before boarding to
activates the alarm and the alarm starts ringing vehicle administrator should know the status of
loudly. This will wake up the driver and make him subject. Genuine following of driver will likewise
conscious for driving ahead The alarm system will track with versatile GPS.
be included as an application in the car music
system and the driver will be given the choice of
switching on/off the functionality. If the driver
switches off the safety feature the IRIS/Eye

Driver Drowsiness and Alcohol Detection System Using Arduino

20 Volume 23 | Issue 3 |Ӏ Compilation 1.0 © 2023 Great ] Britain Journals Press

 III. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS mg/l.Used for detecting alcohol concentration on
your breathe.
3.1 Arduino Uno

Fig. 1: Arduino UNO

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and Fig. 2: MQ-3 Sensor
software company, project, and user community
that designs and manufactures single-board 3.3 Eyeblink Sensor

London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology

microcontrollers. The microcontroller kits are The eye-blink sensor works by illuminating the
used for building digital devices and interactive eye and eyelid area with infrared light, then
objects that can sense and control objects in the monitoring the
physical world. The project's products are
distributed as open-source hardware and
software, which are licensed under the GNU
Lesser General Public License (LGPL). General
Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture
of Arduino boards and software distribution by all.
changes in the reflected light using a
phototransistor and differentiator circuit. The
exact functionality depends greatly on the
positioning and aiming of the emitter and detector
with respect to the eye. Fig. 3: Eyeblink Sensor

Arduino came with a common flat form Integrated 3.4 DC Motor

Development Environment. The Arduino UNO is a
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical
microcontroller board based on the ATmega328.
machines that converts direct current electrical
It has 14 digital Input/output pins, 6 analog
energy into mechanical energy. The most common
inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
types rely on the forces produced by magnetic
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some
reset button. The Arduino UNO is a
internal mechanism, either electromechanical or
microcontroller board based on the ATmega328.
electronic, to periodically change the direction of
It has 14 digital input/output pins of which 6 can current flow in part of the motor. DC motors were
be used as PWM outputs, 6 analog inputs, a 16 the first form of motor widely used, as they could
MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power be powered from existing direct- current lighting
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It is power distribution systems.
connected to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with a AC-to- DC adapter or battery to get A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide
started. range, using either a variable supply voltage or by
changing the strength of current in its field
3.2 Mq3 Sensor windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys,
MQ-3 alcohol sensor can detect the presence of and appliances. The universal motor can operate
alcohol at concentrations from 0.05mg/l to 10 on direct current but is a lightweight brushed

Driver Drowsiness and Alcohol Detection System Using Arduino

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 motor used for portable power tools and VI. System Design
appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used
in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and
hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The
advent of power electronics has made replacement
of DC motors with AC motors possible in many
applications.

Fig. 6: Block Diagram of Proposed System

V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In our proposed system, drowsiness of the driver
is detected by using eye blink sensor. The eye
blink rate is continuously being monitored by
London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology

using Arduino. If the eye is closed for more than 5

seconds then the driver is found to be drowsy.
Fig. 4: Dc motor
Hence the buzzer starts buzzing and also the
3.5 L298H Bridge speed of the car slows down(here indicated by a
dc motor). Also, alcohol is detected by using Mq3
An H bridge is an electronic circuit that switches
sensor. The sensor is interfaced with Arduino.
the polarity of a voltage applied to a load. These
LED glows when alcohol is detected and the speed
circuits are often used in robotics and other
of DC motor varies according to the content of the
applications to allow DC motors to run forwards
alcohol present in the driver’s breathe.
or backwards.

Most DC-to-AC converters (power inverters), most

AC/AC converters, the DC-to-DC push–pull
converter, most motor controllers, and many
other kinds of power electronics use H bridges. In
particular, a bipolar stepper motor is almost
invariably driven by a motor controller containing
two H bridges.

Fig. 7: Working of Proposed System

IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
The driver drowsiness and alcohol detection
system is used to detect the drowsiness of the
driver and also detects the alcohol consumption of
driver.If there is drowsiness or consumption then
the motor of the car gets slowed down and the
buzzer sounds until the eyes gets opened.The
Fig. 5: L298H Bridge values of alcohol and the blink rate will be
displayed in the serial monitor of the Arduino
IDE. This proposed system helps in finding
drowsiness and alcohol detection using Arduino.

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This helps in avoiding many accidents. Further we
extend this project by using webcam to detect the
drowsiness of the driver.

REFERENCES
1. Elzohairy Y (2008) Fatal and injury
fatigue-related crashes on ontario’s roads: a
5-year review. In: Working together to
understand driver fatigue: report on
symposium proceedings, february 2008.
2. Dingus TA, Jahns SK, Horowitz AD, Knipling R
(1998) Human factors design issues for crash
avoidance systems. In: Barfield W, Dingus TA
(eds) Human factors in intelligent

London Journal of Research in Computer Science and Technology

transportation systems. Lawrence Associates,
Mahwah, pp 55–93.
3. Idrees, H., Warner, N., and Shah, M. (2014).
Tracking In Dense Crowds Using Prominence
And Neighborhood Motion Concurrence. Image
And Vision Computing, 32(1):14–26.
Yamamomo K, Higuchi, S Development of a
drowsiness warning system. J, SocAutomotEng
Jap 46:127–133.
4. Ueno H., Kanda, M. and Tsukino, M.
“Development of Drowsiness Detection
System”, IEEE Vehicle Navigation and
Information Systems Conference Proceedings,
(2015), ppA1-3,15-20.
5. Sean Enright, Electronics Engineering Student,
506- 650-3611, May 26-2017, Alcohol Gas
Detector “Breathalyzer”.

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