Physics 2
Physics 2
Physics 2
scalars vs vectors
Reference system :
-
× # + ×
-
y
NIE positive
> we can
change the
S&W negative convection
different notations :
'
'
→ =
( 21.3 ,
-
II. 7) N Ivy
( II. 3i ,
-71.7; /N -
-1 ? - - - - - - -
×
t Vx
horilontal Tertial
AA car moves at a
steady pace .
In a particular time ,
it is 3m at the east and Um to the
north .
Displacement ? → Sm
Rectangular : b- =
tan
-
'
¥ V✗=v cos ⊖
I =/ Sit 4j)m IT / =
4×2+112 Vy =
Vsin ⊖
=
- .
gÑ
432¥
-
j = =
Sm Polar : Jm 53.1°
✗
-
,
I 1 it I 1
A =
tan
-
'
1%1=53.10
-
A- =
71.4m ,
32° C- ON
A = " "m
'
B- 57.3m
-
,
36° sow is A ✗= 72.4 cos 58° =
38.36m (✗ =
0m
( =
17.8m
,
J ~Ñ Ay = 1-2.4 sin 180 =
61.39m Cy = -17.8m
58°
36° / Bx =
17.3 cos 216 =
-46.36m
☐
270° 17.3 sin 216 53.68m
By = = -
B -97.3m
A =
38.36 it 61.39J ☐ -9.91
1121=4 81+9.912
R=h.tm,pa!°NoW_
13=-46.36 i -
33.68 ; 12.7m
I
C. =
Oi -
17.8J
E- tan
- '
/ 9%4=51.10 Now
- do
R=-8it9.9#
rectangular
3D vectors
They are
usually expressed in terms of their rectangular coordinates :
A = IX , Y ,
21 A- =
Ax / it , Ayljl +
Az ( K )
theorem :
? ? ?
AZ =
Ax +
Ay + Az
" Y
A- 14,2
-
1,1m i
f
¥¥k↑
,
13=13,3 ,
-
2) m 1-11=441+21+12 1131 =
✓ 32+32+22
☐
4.58m a. • am
t_tt→¥ ✗ , ×
g-
2 2
Vy __
6.89 V2.64 ✗
,
-
2. Ily v -7.17
-
,
61.23° G- =
?
31.10° V✗=Vcos0- A- =
24,63°
✓ /
=\ 2.642+2.112 Vx -7.17 cos / 65.731
-
Ax =
240563=10.8917
Vy=Vsin0- "
1=31796 Vx -3.0040
-
Ay
-
_ 24 sin 63--21.3841
6.89 __
Win / 31.10 ,
13=45,480
6.8£ =V 13/1=45 cos 48=50.1108
10.8957 21.3841
-
19.7151 ,
/ 1.011-4 41.006J 14.8256
,
A =
0.71 ×
13=-0.821, a- tan
-
'
i"¥ ) f- tan -1/17%0%-1
5- 2A -
B f- = 37.1081° 0=53.20550
1=0.42+0.82
(= 1.24
A- =
13=-0.39×10.914 -13=3.81×-0.464
( =
-0.3A -0.38g ( = 1. J8x -0.884
, ,
kl=d0.30382 lCl=d1.S82+0.8
111=418,41 ICI =
1.8085
-
Addition / subtraction
If : A =
A ✗ ( it +
Aylj ) + Azlk) & B =
B. ✗ list Bylj ) + 1321k)
then
R =
( Axt Bxt . . .
/ it / Ay + By + . . . )j + 1 Azt Bzt . . .
/K
R =
Rx ( it +
Rylj ) + Rzlk )
of ( which implies
Due to the
complexity having one more dimension 2 more
-
planed ) ,
a 3D vector
only considers the angle that the resultant has with its
✗ , y and 2 axes .
①✗ =
cos
- '
1¥ ) V cos 10×1 =
Vx
①y -
-
cos
-
'
( ¥) Vcos / Oy / =
Vy
-02 =
cos
-1
(¥) V cos I -02 ) =
V2
'
A
-_
Yi +
Zjtk -
B=3i +
Zj -3K .
4J -
"
/ ☒
R=7it4j -2k 22
↑
"
p
1121=1721-42+1-212
" 7- i
0,1=(05118%1)--32.600
/
8.31m ⊖y= cos
-1/8%1=61.270
,
, ⊖> =
cos
-
(8¥)= 103.92°
"
For A :
y 2
2
24 # s
10
I ✗
"
i ✗
"
¥-1 Y
4x 4x ly
For B :
y 2 2
L; -
I ✗ I ✗ i "
Y
3x 3✗
o •
-32 32
- _
-
For R :
y 2 2
44 -
g.
I ✗ I ✗
↑" y
7- ✗
7- ✗ A
-22 -
-
Iz
-
①✗ =
cos -11¥ ) Vcos / 0×1 =
Vx
①y -
-
cos
-
'
( ¥) Vcos / Oy / =
Vy
-02 =
cos -11¥) Vcosl -02 )=Vz
A --
( 3. 7. Si -
2.48 ; -3.94k / N
By -_ 6. 40105169.621=2.22
B= -
2. Hi , 2.27J ,
I. 41K
"
and
"
◦
( =
At B ◦
( = A -
2B ◦
( =
-31-1+313
A --
3.25 i -
2.48 ; -3.94k A --
3.25 i -
B= -
2. Hi , 2.27J ,
I. 41k -213=1.14 i -4.44J -10.82k 313=-7.71 it
6.66J +16.23k
( =
0.681 0.76J 1.47k ( 8.39 i -6.92 ; -14.76k ( =
-17.46 i +14.1 ; +18.01k
'
-
=
, ,
(4%4)=61.100 '
iii. 1=62.75 '
1%42-61=119.08
É=¥
'
①✗ ① ① cos
-
cos cos ✗
- -
= ✗ = =
or -
-
cos
-
'
iÉ% ) -143.63° -
0-2 -
-
cos
-
'
li% 1=38.65
, , "
vectors
Multiplying
◦
so far covered addition of vectors
we've
only the as a consequence of the
◦
we know ,
though ,
that
many physical relationships are expressed at products .
made .
Dot product A B
- =
/ ALIBI cos ⊖ =
A ✗ Bx +
Ay By + Az Bz
Also a ,
◦
This
type of product will always give a scalar quantity as a result .
◦
Picture the following vectors
the same A
◦
If both vectors 1A and B) are sketched having -9
origin ,
the angle between them will always have a valve i
between 0° and 180° 10 IT •
|Alc
"
B
•
It can also be observed that ,
based on that angle 0 ,
A is
going to have a component that is parallel to B I / Alcos 0-1 .
ways of vectors :
product of
There are two
calculating the dot two
-
"
product based
"
-
A B - =
/ ALIBI cos ⊖
as :
the other way to calculate the dot product is by making the turn of the
, ,
i. i =
jj =
K K
. =
111111 cos 101=1
i. j = i. K =
j K
. = 111111 cos 1901=0 t smaller than 90°
Jo : A B
◦
A ✗ Bx Ay By Az Bz 0 exactly 90°
=
-
+ +
If the angle between A and B is smaller than 90° the scalar product
will be POSITIVE
will be NEGATIVE
will be ZERO
Calculate the dot product and estimate the angle between A and B for the
-
following scenarios :
'
A = 4.00 ,
53°
-
↑
o ,
✗ =
A. B =
12.41*-3.71 ) t 13 19 * 3.831 4.4816 IAHBI cos ⊖
↑%
=
.
I
7.74 4.4816 (4) Is ) ⊖ ⊖
-
-
+ 12.21 =
cos =
cog
A =
Ii +3J + K IA 1--4121-32+7=3.74 A. 13=11-11131 cos ⊖
'
B = -
Yitzj
-
# =
( 010
A. 13=(211-41+13) / 2) +
(111-1) (3.7-4114.58)
8 I 0.1751 COS ⊖
=
-
+ 6 - -
7ᵗʰ first
bigger than 90° ← -3 cos -11-0.17111=0 February register exam
9ᵗʰ
proy.ec/.A---3j+2j
100.080=0 February
B =
Si +6J -
It + 12 + 12 0.7001 =
COS ⊖
-
78.410=-0
cross product
-
as a a
,
"
If resultant vector for the product between
"
•
☒ C
( =
A ✗ B
GA
( =\ -111131 sin ⊖
to
☐ B
The previous formula used to calculate the of the
magnitude
◦
needed .
Ya £
i j K
6
Ax Ay Az ( ✗
←
lil / Ay )lBz ) -
( Az )lBy / Ii ) (✗ =AyBz -
AzBy
B✗£By*Bz ( z ← ( Axl / By / Ik ) -
IK ) / Ay / ( Bx ) ( y=AzBx -
AxBz
ith j
*
K ( y ←
113×11 ;) / Az ) -
Ay Bx
Ax
/
AyAz
( 13.19110 ) (01/3.83)=0
↑
⊖ ✗
-
=
(4--1011-3.21) -11.411101=0
( 2=12.411/3.83 ) (3.1911-3.21)=9.23
1-10.241=19.47-1 1=01+01+19.47-1
-
-
① ✗
= (19.4-7)--900
cos
- '
111=11-11131 fino
Ex : A=2it3j+k ( ✗ =
(311-11-11112) ( = -
si -
zj +16k
13=-4 itzj -
k
-
3 -2 = -
Cy :
1111-41-1211-1 ) /( 1=1/5+27+162
IAI : 32t -
y + 2 = -
2 16.88
3.74 (2--12112)-1311-4 )
1131=44-+22+12 4 +
12 =
16 111=11-11131 tino
gin
. .
/ 16.88-1=0
13.1-4114.181
,
80.21°
"
A 6
"
Ex : Vector has units of magnitude and it's on the positive ✗ axis .
"
Vector "B hat 4 units and it's on the xy cartesian plane ,
30° Not .
•
17=16114 )tinQ
A
[✗ =
(01101-10112)=0 ( =
Oi +
Oj +12k
' = ⊖
tin
-
Cy
-
-
10113.46 ) -
B= Yi -
7- j +2k 4 -28
=
_
24 111=1242+102+132-27.94 __
II. 38118.318in Q
1131=44-+72+22 21 -
8 =
13
8.30
of the movement of
Mechanics :
study an object and the concepts related with force and
energy
"
-
In general terms ,
kinematics relates position , velocity and acceleration .
URM VARM
-
vs
✗ (f) =
✗ otvot + ¥ at
2 ←
position in terms of time
9¥ =
Ot Vo + É at vltk Vo +
at v
=
¥
✗ =
v. t
Perivale again :
-
du = Ota
du
=
a
at
can
, ,
: to time
DX du
✗ (f) =
Xo + Vott É at
'
dt
=
15 + III. 5) t dt
=
0+3
✗ It) =
Ot 1St + É 1311-2 Vlt ) =
15 +3T a (f) =
3
✗ (f) =
151-+1.51-2 V (3) =
15+313 ) a (3) =
3m / S2
✗ (3) =
IS / 3) + 1.5132 ) 24m15 a / 6) = 3m / S2
45 +
13.5 V16 ) =
15+3161
58.5m 33m Is
✗ (61--1516)+1.5162 )
÷
144m
A ball is thrown upwards from building with height of 15m
-
a a
dy du
15+71-+1>-1-9.8111-2 0+7 -9.81T 0-9.81
=
y / f) dt= at
=
y( 1-1=15+71--4.9051-2 vlt ) =
7- 9.81T act)= -
9.81
y( 3) =
15+713 ) -
4.905132 ) V13 ) =
7- 9.8113 ) a / 3) =
-9.81m / S2
15+71-44.145 -
27.43 Mls
-8.15m
at a pace of 4m / S2
✗ 11-1=51--21-2
Non ideal movement
but we know that there is one extra dimension and that movement is not ideal .
r (f) =
✗ (f) i +
yltljt 2 / tlk
The
magnitude of this vector is defined as displacement .
Likewise ,
the
velocity vector and acceleration vector are found with the derivatives
da
Jerk
.
)=ᵈ¥=ᵈd÷
=
vctl=¥d act
r (f) =
131-1 it ( 4. It -4.9011-2 ) ; +1-1.31-4 / K
-
Calculate the displacement ,
the speed ,
and the
magnitude of the acceleration
dr
= Vct ) =
(3) it 14.2-9.811-1 ; + (-5.21-3) K
at
du
- =
a (f) =
Coli + 1- 9.81 )j + 1-11.61-2 )k
dt
6i -
11.17 j -
20.8k 3i -
15.42 j - 41.6 k
tr / = I 62+11.222+20.82 / V1 =
✓ 32 + IS .
42
'
+ 41.62
24.38m 44.46 m Is
a (1) = Oi -
9.81J + 1- IS 6122 ) ) K
. I at = ✓ 9.812 + 62.42
9.81J -
62.4k 63.16 m / 52
A- ✗ Ay AL HX Ay Az
A- 7. Oti
-
, 2.84J ,
1.99k ( ✗ =AyBz -
AZBY A- =
-5.17 ; 1.30J ,
1.71k ( ✗ =AyBz -
AZBY
,
, ,
,
BX BY B2 B✗ BY B2
( z=A×By -
AyB× ( z=A×By -
AYBX
(2.8411-6.21)-(1.9911-0.68)=-16.2832 (1.301/-6.92)-(1.2111-4.55)=-3.4901
11.99 )( 1.70 ) -
(7.0511-6.21)=47.1631 ←
(1.2111-2.36)-(-5.171/-6.92)=-38.632
17.0111-0.68 ) -
(2.841/1.70)=-9.612 (-5.1771-4.55)-(1.3011-2.36)=26.1911
Ax Ay Az Kl =\ / 3.49012+38.6322+16.19111=47.0289
A- = -
4. Ibi
, -3.79J 1.72k ( ✗ =AyBz -
AzBy
,
13=-6.04 3.93J ,
3.96k Cy=AzBx -
AxBz
,
BY BZ
Bx →
( z=A×By -
AYBX
(-3.291/3.96)-(1.7-2113.93)=-19.788 ☆
(1.7211-6.04)-(-4.101/3.96)=1.8472
(-4.101/3.93)-(-3.2411-6.04)=-35.9846
Ax AY Az
A- -
1.761
'
, -7.67J ,
2.62k 111-1=111.762+7.622+7.672--8.7478
13=-0.64't -4.09J , ,
-3.51k 1131=40.641+4.092+3.512--5.4171
BX BY B2
A B =/ All
-
Blcos⊖=AxBx+AyBytAzBz
-
1.1764+31.1618-9.1962
20.8432
20.8432--18.74781/5.427111010 IAI -
-
10.30 116.71=111.41/10.301 tino
(
RXA -116.71=1
-
'
gin
-
' 05
'
/ 18.2478111427T )=⊖
20.843L
83.6960=0
62.7500=0
-
next equation :
Instantaneous position and acceleration at
velocity
-
r / f) =
111-2 )i + 1- 5 cos / Itt ) ) ; 0.2 seconds .
Displacement ,
speed and the magnitude of
0.08 i -4.04J the acceleration at that time .
lo.0871-4.CI
Irl =
4.04m a (f) =
(4) it / IT'S cos Ht ) ) ;
a 10.71=4 i +
111-25 cos (11-0.2) )j
Vct ) =
14T ) it ( its sin / Itt )) ; Ui +31.01J
v10 7) .
=
1410.1 ) )i +
111-5 sin (11-0.2) ) ; 442+31.07
0.8 i +9.73J la / =
31.26m / S2
10.849.7T
/ v1 =
9.76 Mls
-
A particle has the next position vector :
r
11-5-13 / ¥ F) 2) cos
-
+ i
calculate the speed at the origin .
v1 f) = -
¥3 / Est F)
sin
-
3 cos / ¥ F) -
+2=0
vlt ) = -
it sin / ¥ ¥ )
-
3 I
cos F) -2 -
=
V12.94 / = -
IT sin / ¥2.94 ¥ ) -
cos / ¥ E) } -
= -
-1.35 i
¥ ¥ arccog ( ¥ )
- =
/ v1 =
I 2.352+02+02
=
2.30 + ¥ 2. 35m15
1- =3 (1.30+-4)
IT
1- =
7.94s
Two objects : kinematics
What happens when two moving objects the same space at the same space
occupy
-
same time .
Determine if the
following particles collide If
they do indicate the time
-
.
.
,
r2 (f) =
( 21-1-12 / it tjt 10k
' +
It It -12=0 1-2=9
Y TT
1- =
IT r, (3) =
12131+17 / it 3J +10k
1- =3 1- =3 18 it 3J +10k
1- = -
z
ri / f) =
11-21-41 it 151-4+11-+11 K
(f) 14th +10J +11-1 -21k The don't collide
'
r, = -
On ✗ On y : On 2 :
1-2+4=4 t St =
10 1-+1=1-2-2
1-2-41-+4=0 1- =
¥ ti -
t -
3=0
447 TTY
1- =
2
1- =
I 1- =
2.3
1- = -
I 1- = -
1.3
The other way around
fall-1=1-4
V0 3m11 ✗ 11-1=21-31--21-2
_
•
{
dt _
-
✗o =
2m • Vlt)= 3- 4T
Vlt )= -4T
11-1=1-4 / a (f)
+ c
=
-4
tdt + 3 dt
✗
v10 ) =
3=-410 / + C
3=6
'
t
✗ (t) +3T
=
VH1 =
-41-+3
✗ (f) =
-21-2+3 1- + C
✗ 101--2=-2104+310) + C
2 =
c
✗ (f) = -21-2+31-+2
some
,
position is not given .
we
✓ (f) = altldt
in .
act )= -
It +1.9
/ / f- /
'
It
alt ) It +1.9 dt It dt 1.9 dt
-
= - → + →
+ 1.9T + c
2-
✓ 11-1=-1-2 +1.9T + C
v10 )= 13=-101/+1.910/1 + C 0=-1-2+1.91-+13
Y 4 7
13 =
C
t=-7.78-
'
✓ (f) t +1.91-+13
7=4.681
= -
fvlt)= ) -1-2+1.91-+13 dt →
f- t2dt+ / 1.9T dt +
/ Bdt
✗ (f) =
+
¥-2 + 13T + C
✗ ( O) =
0 = # 1.91*+1310)+C +
0 =
C
✗ ( 4.681=-14.6384-+1.9142-684+1314.68)
✗ 14.681 =
-34.17+20.80+60.84=47.471 ,
Ex : A at 21 Mls at of
travels
accelerating pace 1 mls ? It passes a
-
car a
,
that it
police car tries to catch , accelerating at a pace of 2.4m / s ?
-
Find the time in which the police car will catch it .
/ a. (f) =
flat fait / ) =
2. Ydt
V
,
(f) =
7.4T + C
,
V
,
(f) =
tt C , V, (01--0--2.410) + ( z
→
4--0
V. ( 01=71 Otc C, V (f) 2.4T
=
,
→ =
21 ,
=
vlH= 1-1-21
built /
)= 1-1-21 dt / Vitt) =
/ 2. Ytdt
x.lt ) ¥+11T
-
_ 0
× ,
(f) =
2.4¥ no
1-(-0.71-+21)=0
}
0.51-2+117=1.21-2
0.51-2 -1.21-2+24=0 -
0.71-+71=0 X, / 301=1.713011--10801
,
-0.71-2+24=0 0.7T _-
21
"
1-
=
10.7=301 ,
Circular Motion
the
magnitude of the velocity remains constant in this case
'
,
•
,
this is ,
centre -
pointing .
¥
aa,%^
determine of the
-
we the
magnitude "" "
'
can
-
motion
" .
centripetal
"
acceleration with :
.
ar an
= v2 / r ☐ .
circular %
Where is the radius of the trajectory
-
r .
f. = ¥ § = =
Hz
0
✓ = ¥ / V=2ñ IT 'd
"
V =
2 Mrf
A
lsogr ball at the end of
string revolving uniformly hormonal
-
a is in a
centripetal acceleration ?
V
=
Ztrf ar
= ¥
•
☆
Zrev / second →
f- =
2 Hz zarf t.is#o
lit 10.600112 )
94.8m,
7. 54 MIS
moon a
Earth .
/ /
3600s
☒ Ztda 24h1
}
agg =
2358720s
'•
384,000 1 daly #
km
21T ( 384000000 )
u
=
211¥ =
2358720
=
1022.9m / s
ar
=
v2 / r
= 318%8%0-00 =
0.0027mHz,
Rotational Motion
-
Until now we have worked with translational motion .
cover the
analogy with
We have to consider that rigid object object with definite shape that
-
a is an a
will not change larry real object may be capable of vibrate or deform when
a force is exerted on it ) .
Angular Quantities
of
Any object have
-
'
In a circle ,
the centre of mass is always the middle point .
a
,
we
Any
" " "
the is
going
-
distance ,
measured along the circumference .
:
ii.
i r
l =
⊖r ! I
:
i. '
"
'
" -
-
i -
- -
- -
measured maths of circular
Angles are
commonly in
degrees but the motion are much
-
is as an arc
exactly 0=1 / r
any angle
So
If I =r then 0=1 radian in radians , is
given by :
-
, ,
Consider : trad =
1800
so : 1 rev =
360° =
21T rad
TE
How
degrees is this ?
many
-
21T rad -
360°
(3×10-4) rad -
0.017° 100M
¥ ✓=
-
How small an object can the bird distinguish whe flying
of ?
height
-10
at a 100m -
l =
Or
1=(3×10-411100)
0.03m =
3cm
to worked
are
going an of the we have with in linear
i
,
I
"
"
"
" -
i.
-
_
. .
-
The
angular velocity I now , represented by the Greek letter W ) is
defined then as : w= so
It
⊖ •
l =
Or
V = W r
.
can .
f- =
w / 21T
w =
21T f
The unit of
frequency is revolution per second that is the same as
-
É!m•
,
f =
¥ = Hz
W
=
→ ztf =
¥ 1- =
s
aa ☒v= m/s
•
a
aR=m / 52
At =
s
w,
to
linear
velocity
ar we can
ar
=
=
'w=w¥×
?
AR = W r
-
On a
rotating carousel ,
one child sits on a horse near the outer edge and
Which has a
greater linear velocity ? • → horse
the horse
-
The platter of a computer 's hard drive rotates at 7200 rev / min .
?
What is the angular velocity
-
l
f- =
t-m.MG = 120 Hz
W
=
21T f- =
211-1120) =
240 it ᵗ÷ = 753.98 ʳ÷
-
axis
,
what is the linear speed of the point of the platter just below ?
V =
w .
r
=
12401T ) ( 0.03 ) =
7.21T ¥ =
22.62%-1
Centripetal acceleration : ap ,
=
(24011-510.03) =
17054m,
in a is . .
Indicate how many revolutions have the point in the tire done after 45s .
1500kV
/ 1 min
25 +12
f
=
=
min 60s Is -
25 rev
☆
45
1175mg,
=
✗ rev
-
Centripetal acceleration ?
-
W
=
21T f- = 21T 125 ) =
157.08 r¥
ar =
W? r =
(157.0812/0.45)=11103.4%-1
l Or
-
_
5. 59 =
211-10.36 ) f. =
=
g- =
Hz
v = War
7-
1- = f- = = s
f- =
w/ 21T
1- 5.59 =
211-10.36 )
¥ \- 21T f
} velocity
=
W
1- =
211-10.36 ) V= Zltr IT
=
-0.4016s V=
lineal
v=2ñrf w=- → zitf =
¥
AR
= v2 / r
,z=¥='w=w¥×
v = !
a
ar
=
7.97 m /S2
r
=
? ar = Wr
r =
0.30M
V= 7.01 m/s =
21T rf
7. 97 = ¥0 r= 7.32m
0.4808%01*1*1=28-848
117.97-(0.3-0) -_
v
=
62 7.01 =
zarf 60£
7. 01=211-2.32 F M
7.01=4 641T f .
y.FI#=f=0.4808Hzr--
?
Zltrf
75.17 rpm
¥
ts.HR/YY#--
ar
=
V=
1.2528
¥ / Half
an =
77.31m / 52 V= 711-11.2528) r
211-11.152-8124
22.31 = V2 =
>t = r
-20-36,00
AR =
?
7m
f
¥ Zj%
= =
95.39 rpm =
1.5898 V= Ztrf AR
=
22-94,80
ar = ? AR
=
f- =
1. 77th ✓ =
Zitrf
✓ = 0.34m 211-10.34/1.77 =
3.78122
-0.34=42-05,13
3. 7812
F- ? l =
Or
1- = 3.365 f. = ¥ § = =
Hz
V = W r .
ar
=
0.53m /S2
1- = f- =
¥v = 5
f- =
w / 21T
¥r ¥ } V=Ñr 21T f
} velocity
=
w
✓=
v.
lineal
V= 21T rf §- → zitf =
¥
¥3T
=
r w
v= v2 /
AR
=
r
¥ =(}) ar
=
=
'w=wx
92=0.53 =
>
X
AR = W r
0.53=4%-13
(:÷ =r=
is
w
=
? '
ar =
w r
'
ar =
6.94 mlsz 6.94 =
w 2.26
-
r =
7.26m
,
/ 6%4-6 = w
=
1-75,23
au
5.829
5
Dynamics Circular Motion
According to Newton 's second law , object that accelerating must have
-
an is a net
force acting on it .
a
,
as a on a
,
'
[ /
•
↓ to ① ttw-m.at ③ T W - =
man
W T
2 • =-D KR
↓
d
/
② 1- =
m .
w
↑ that
39
the tension is the one change .
F
W
Thus the net force too must be directed toward the centre of the circle .
,
no were on
object ,
it would not move in a circle ,
but a straight line list Newton Law )
.
-
centrifugal force
"
outward force
"
acting on it . A so called .
The "
Outward force " felt is the reaction because of Newton 's third law .
-
If
centrifugal force existed ,
a
revolving ball would fly outward when recreated .
"j÷÷
'
_
' '
i i.
i
-
-
-
- -
-
-
i. 1- •
'
¢¥H
' -
i force on the
-
-
-
.
. .
' i
ball exerted by
the
I ! string
\
☐ For # on the
- hand exerted
- '
-
- -
-
by the
string
to make the ball revolve in a horizontal circle of radius 0.600m . The ball makes 2.00
f- =
21-12 EFR =
map
¥
W 't
V = Hrf ap
=
711-10 6) (2) .
=
7.54 Mls
1- =
MAR
1- =
10 .
/ so , /T.TT )
14.2¢ ,,
The same ball now is swung in a vertical circle .
Estimate the tension that the cord must have in order to have an
angular velocity of
Determine the minimum speed the ball must have at the top of its are so that it
① ②
T↓§§w w=
Mig AR
=
wir EFR =
Mar EFR =
MAR
I. PAR
☐ a ,
) W =
(0.151/9.81) AR
=
(8-332) / ° 6)-
Ttw =
map T W - =
map
1.47=(0.151/41.6)
1-
↑ 1-
£ -
T =
6.24 -
1.47 =
6.24+1.47
Ooo
↓ w
4.771, 7.71 ,
" "
• → v
¥
1-
↓ tow/
• AR
EFR
W
=
Mar him
+→ °
w=m
¥
v =
Wir =
8. 3310.6 )
T + =
map 1m = in 4. 99m15
g
.
1- + w= m ¥ 9.8k ¥6
If the valve of the 49.81107 =
V
tension decreases ,
the
2.43mi ,
+
DAR
86 m/s
↑ V= 4. EFR =
1- map
£
ai T W
- =
map
tow T W = ¥
m
-
1- = m ¥ + w
1-
(0.15%46.862)-+1.47=7.371
=
,,
?⃝
-
onerevowptignaino.JO#
ball completes .
Calculate the tension in the
string
I
8cm
↑_± Ty
• ,
_ .
AR
↓
W
EXAM
seafloor
Rotational Dynamics
§¥•T ,
v. =
Wir
When the rotational speed increases or decreases , the net force will also be
The component tangent to the circle ( Ftan ) acts to increase / or decrease ) the
the circle ,
Atan
Ian . aa• A acceleration 1rad /
angular
Szalai
=
trap to FR a
#1
⊖
OV
✗ displacement ✗ = r -
velocity w u w
=
r
-
a
,
it tangential acceleration .
Atan
=
Dv / At
in a
the circle ,
and it's on the direction of the motion ( parallel to v1 .
DX =
V. t +
Éatant ?
Ex : A starts from rest in pit
-
their
The definitions of
linear
wi.w.at#Et angular velocity
counterparts .
?
and
?
acceleration are the same as those for
Wo
DODO
2 A
Wf
=
+
=
Wot + Eat ?
w- =
HII
-
Ex : A carousel is
initially at rest .
At t=0 it is
given a constant
8. 0s .
At that time determine :
Wf
=
Wo + at
0
Wf 10.06718)
=
+
Wf = 0.48rad/s
the linear
velocity of child located the centre
'
a 2.5m from
V =
W r -
v =
10.48 ) ( 2. 5)
✓ =
1.2 m Is
The
tangential acceleration of that child
-
=
a.
ratan
atan
=
10.06 ) ( 2. 5)
atan
=
0.15m /S2
april26ᵗh-
to
car
ready
The centripetal acceleration of the child compete
'
AR = WZ .
ar
=
10.482 ) / 2. 5)
f online
AR
=
0.58 mlsz quiz assignment
The
'
- -
-
a ←
#
"
I at =
Natan + a ,z2 i ↓ on
\•
1 lal i
I
.
Iat =
0.152 1- 0.582 I "
" "
1 at 0.60m / S2
"
=
'
-
- -
-
-
rpm
WE
=
Ztff 1- =
30s
/
20,000 rev 1min
21T 1333.33 ) Wf =
Wo + at ff =
min 60s
=
333.33+12
2094.37 rad Is a = Wf -
Wo a = ?
Trev =
!
2094j3
a =
a =
69.8 rad /S2
how
angcce6rahono
Wf
2 =
V02 + 2A SO 1 rev
-
s -0 =
0130 )tÉ 169 8) ( 302 ) . 49338 rev
so =
31410rad
Ex fan turned off when
A
cooling is it is
running at 850 rpm It turns 1500
-
: .
850 MV
min|= 14.17+12
1 min
to =
Trev
-
21T rad
Wf =
0 7500kV
I
-
☐⊖ =
1500kV 9424rad
was the
2
Wo
=
21T Fo Wf =
Wo
? + 2A DO
211-114.17 ) 02 =
89.032 + 2 A 19424 )
89.03rad Is 0
=
7926.34+18848
a-t.g.gg?4--- a
0.42 rad / S2
=
-
a
Torque
we linear ,
equivalents for
dynamics exists as well .
an an a .
'
The direction of this force and where it 's applied are important factors .
fatter ?
☐¥ ¥→
the door open
FIFTH
-
we can
appreciate that angular acceleration is not
only proportional to
or is to
,
angular acceleration .
ideal .
Otherwise , the perpendicular component of the force with
axis of in
☐ =F¥jnota point
"¥%
of
. rot
↑ aplication
En ÉC meh of terce
i. a .
-
elbow when :
¥É # 190160.05)
'
-
700am
S
P
-
axis at
35N
=
.m
elbow
gt=700N
,,¥
At-700N
É¥T
T=FsinQr #
p700N
Ñ¥#☒
""
_ _ P= 30.31mm
-
a
A- 700 )
I damn ±
tin / 12010.05
.
Torqueisaao
operate
?⃝
Ap =
? mlsz
Wf
=
Wo + at a =
R -
r
+ an
f- =
10.0rad /S
W
=
21T f
t =
6.4s " "
Wf Wo 2 A ☐⊖
=
+
A =
3.2 rad /sz a
,z=wz.r
rad =
0.7m
Eat '
two
Do =
Wot +
Wf
=
Wot
Wo =
211-110 )
Wo =
201T a =
Vfr°
="""""µ
1- =
7.75
Wf =
Wo + at
f=32.9rad/#
"" "" "" " " "
Wf = 83.3118 V= ? ? ?
r 31cm
&"%#
=
= 0.31m
ar =
WE '
(83.31182 ) ( 0.7 )
Zafar
W=
AR =
zitczz.gg
=
W
4858-5992 mist ✓ =
✓ ✓
.
I W =
65.81T ✓ =
65.81T /0.31 )
v=ezm
's
34 0.34mL
rad # 0.17m
rpsm/%F#
=
=
cm 245 rev
= 4.0833
Fo =
245 rpm
→ 4.0833
ff =
389 rpm → 6.4833ps
t
389ᵗeVm/%hg-
=
5.4s
= 6.4833
☐
tan
=
?? ?
aÉz
No =
21T Fo Atan
=
R -
=
211-14.0833) D=
✓f£2ˢ Atan =
8¥10 /7) .
Vo =
8.16661T
A
12.96663%-8.1666/11
=
Up 21T Ff 3
=
Up
=
21T 16.4833)
Wf
=
12.96661T of =
8¥ radlsz Atan
-_
8¥ /0.34 )
Atan
-20.9994mHz
to 4751 rpm → 79.1833
=
Wf
=
Wo + at a =
R -
r
Ff
+ an
=
1388 rpm → 23.1333
W
=
21T f
C- =
2.8s ' '
Wo
D OA
2 a
Wf
=
+
?? an WI r
-
= -
-
Eat '
t wo Wot Wot
DO + =
Wf
=
21T Fo =
200=211-(7-9.1833)
Wf+zI
=
✓ wir
To =
Wo =
158 .
36661T
1 rev
-
21T rad 02 =
VfzI
Up =
21T Ff
Uf =
711-(23-1333)
Uf =
46.26661T her =
??? V0 =
Zltfo
t =
4.3s V0 =
211-183.2333)
Fo =
4994 rpm -83.2333 Wo =
166.46661T
g.
=
KIWI of =
100rad/s >
46.266615%158-366617 Do =
Wot + É act
Do =
(166.4666*114.3) + É (1001/4.32)
A = -
125.7759 radlsz DO =
3173.2720 rads
-
7mV 2 trad
-
f9ar -3173.272rad
Al =
Der
m rad m
t =
7.7g
R =
32.9 rad /S2 V= W r -
v =
? ? ?
r 31cm 0.37m V Vf
=
= = '
r
✓ =
253.33/0.37)
Wf
=
Not at V =
78.123 mls
Wf
=
0 (32.9×7.7)
+
Wf
=
253.33 rads
late at
Ex : You arrive the classroom and your professor is
closing the
door of 0.5m .
The professor exerts a force of 15N perpendicular to
the door ,
at the edge of it .
You
try to push the door with a force of
from the rotation at
25N ,
20cm axis of the
following angle .
Will
you be able to open the door ?
-
Er =
Tp -
Ts
fats Fs
%!
←
Fptin / 90 )rp
-
Fstin / 35 )rs
!
35T 158in / 9010.5 25 tin / 35110.2 )
0.2mi
-
*
ax
900
I ↑ 7.5 -
2.87 =
4.63 Nm
I 0.5m
Fp
i
→
Tp ¥1s
smaller than Tp
Ff -0.40 Nm
-
35N
• Er =
ra
-
TB
-
I
20N -
Fatin 0-arat-ptin0-p.kz -
Fctinocrc
f. A-
☐
Fb →
ra - Fa
-
18km190)( 0.24 )
"
_ _
f- -4.2 +6.72 -4.32 =t.8Nm_
clockwise
i
spinning
4- 12cm -1
124cm -
1.
8+ -1.4M€
=
t
a F- friction
18N
against
Fc →
to A movement