"max_executors":"6", "executor_min_cpu":"1", "executor_max_cpu":"2", "executor_memory":"8G" why

we use this

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

The parameters "min_executors", "max_executors", "executor_min_cpu", "executor_max_cpu", and

"executor_memory" are configurations used to control the resources allocated for each task in a
distributed data processing environment (like Apache Spark) when orchestrating tasks with Apache
Airflow. Here’s what each parameter does:

1. min_executors and max_executors:

o These specify the minimum and maximum number of executor instances (worker nodes)
that can be allocated for a task.

o min_executors is set to the minimum required (1) so that there’s at least one executor
for each task.

o max_executors is set higher (6) to allow for scaling up resources dynamically based on
workload.

o This flexibility enables tasks to scale horizontally, handling larger data volumes or higher
processing needs by increasing the number of workers temporarily.

2. executor_min_cpu and executor_max_cpu:

o These define the minimum and maximum amount of CPU cores each executor is allowed
to use.

o executor_min_cpu (1 CPU core) specifies a baseline level of compute resources per

executor, while executor_max_cpu (2 CPU cores) allows each executor to scale up based
on task demand.

o This scaling is useful for cost optimization and ensures that each task is allocated only
the resources it needs, reducing idle resources.

3. executor_memory:

o Defines the amount of memory allocated per executor, here set to 8GB (8G).

o Memory is crucial for handling larger datasets, and by setting this explicitly, you ensure
that each task has enough memory to avoid issues like out-of-memory (OOM) errors.

Why These Parameters Are Useful:

In distributed processing, these parameters let you balance resource utilization and cost-efficiency by
scaling resources based on the needs of the task. For example, if the workload increases, Airflow can
allocate additional executors or CPU cores, whereas lighter tasks won’t consume unnecessary resources.
This approach is particularly beneficial when working with large datasets, as it helps ensure that
processing is both faster and more cost-effective.
4o

You said:

def calculate_original_schema_dict(conn, schema_name, table_name): original_schema_dict = {} try:

schema_sql = f"SELECT COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, DATA_SCALE, DATA_PRECISION, COLUMN_ID
FROM sys.all_tab_columns where OWNER = '{schema_name.upper()}' AND TABLE_NAME =
'{table_name.upper()}' ORDER BY COLUMN_ID" print(schema_sql) ndf = pd.read_sql(schema_sql, conn)
what is the following code doing print(row['COLUMN_NAME'], row['DATA_TYPE'], "DL:",
row['DATA_SCALE'], " , DP:", row['DATA_PRECISION']) val = { "DATA_TYPE": row["DATA_TYPE"],
"DATA_PRECISION": row["DATA_PRECISION"], "DATA_SCALE": row["DATA_SCALE"] }
original_schema_dict[row["COLUMN_NAME"]] = val except Exception as e: print("[ERROR] while fetching
table meta data....") print(str(e)) return original_schema_dict

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

This code defines a function, calculate_original_schema_dict, which retrieves and organizes metadata
information for columns in a specified database table. Here’s a breakdown of what each part of the
function is doing:

1. Function Definition and Parameters:

o The function takes three parameters:

 conn: a database connection object used to execute SQL queries.

 schema_name: the name of the schema where the target table is located.

 table_name: the name of the target table for which metadata is being retrieved.

2. SQL Query:

o A SQL query string, schema_sql, is created to fetch column metadata from the
sys.all_tab_columns view. This view stores metadata about columns in tables across
Oracle database schemas.

o The query retrieves the following information for each column in the specified schema
and table:

 COLUMN_NAME: the name of the column.

 DATA_TYPE: the column’s data type (e.g., VARCHAR2, NUMBER).

 DATA_SCALE and DATA_PRECISION: these fields are relevant for numeric types to
indicate precision (total number of digits) and scale (number of digits to the
right of the decimal).

 COLUMN_ID: the position of the column in the table.

 o The query filters based on the schema and table names (converted to uppercase for
compatibility) and orders the results by column position.

3. Execute the Query:

o pd.read_sql(schema_sql, conn) uses the SQLAlchemy connection conn and pandas to

execute the SQL query and load the result into a DataFrame, ndf, which contains the
column metadata.

4. Iterate Over the DataFrame Rows:

o The code loops through each row in ndf to extract and print column details, specifically:

 COLUMN_NAME: the column’s name.

 DATA_TYPE: the data type of the column.

 DATA_SCALE and DATA_PRECISION: precision and scale, relevant for numeric

columns.

5. Construct the original_schema_dict Dictionary:

o For each column, it creates a dictionary val containing:

 "DATA_TYPE": the column’s data type.

 "DATA_PRECISION": the precision, if applicable.

 "DATA_SCALE": the scale, if applicable.

o It then adds this dictionary to original_schema_dict, using the column name as the key.

6. Error Handling:

o If any exception occurs during the query or data processing, the function prints an error
message along with the exception details.

7. Return original_schema_dict:

o The function returns original_schema_dict, which now contains metadata information

for each column in the specified table, organized as a dictionary where each key is a
column name and each value is a dictionary of metadata attributes for that column.

Example Output Structure of original_schema_dict:

The output would be a dictionary in this format:

python

Copy code

"COLUMN1": {"DATA_TYPE": "NUMBER", "DATA_PRECISION": 10, "DATA_SCALE": 2},

 "COLUMN2": {"DATA_TYPE": "VARCHAR2", "DATA_PRECISION": None, "DATA_SCALE": None},

...

This function is useful for retrieving and organizing schema metadata dynamically, which can be
especially helpful in ETL processes or schema validation tasks.

4o

You said:

data _scale means

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

In the context of a database column, DATA_SCALE refers to the number of digits allowed to the right of
the decimal point for numeric data types.

For example:

 A column defined as NUMBER(10, 2) has:

o DATA_PRECISION = 10 (total number of significant digits, including those to the left and
right of the decimal point)

o DATA_SCALE = 2 (indicating 2 digits to the right of the decimal point, such as in

12345678.90).

Purpose: DATA_SCALE is useful for defining precision in financial or scientific calculations, where
controlling the number of decimal places ensures accuracy and consistency.