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Datacom 1-6

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16 views15 pages

Datacom 1-6

Uploaded by

marcelibombo242
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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network topology types :

COMMON APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOL


FTP, TELNET,HTTP,SMTP etc.

TCP Connection Setup tree-way


handshak
ARP

ARP is an indispensable protocol in IPv4. It provides the


following functions.
• Discovers the MAC address associated with a given IP address.

• Maintains and caches the mapping between IP addresses and MAC


addresses through ARP entries.

• Detects duplicate IP addresses on a network segment.

COMMON TRANSMISION MEDIA


• Data transmission through twisted paire
• Data transmission through optical fibers
• Data transmission through serial cables
• Data transmission through wireless signals

STORAGE MEDIA
Storage media include :
• SDRAM,
• flash,
• memory,
• nveram,
• sd card,
• usb
VRP USER LEVELS

Command views :

COMMON FILE SYSTEM OPERATION COMMANDS

BASIC CONFIGURATION COMMANDS


FILE QUERY COMMANDS AND DIRECTORY OPERATIONS

BASIC CONFIGuRATION

checking configurations
SPECIAL IP ADDRESSES

IPV4 VS IPV6

ICMP
• is used to transmit error
and control information
between network devices.
◦ ICMP error detection
◦ ICMP redirection
◦ ICMP error report
HOW TO OBTAIN ROUTING INFORMATION
→ The following describes the common methods of obtaining routes :

• Direct routes are the routes destined for the subnets to


which directly connected interfaces belong. They are
automatically generated by devices.

• Static routes are manually configured by network


administrators.

• Dynamic routes are learned by dynamic routing protocols, such


as OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP.

IP ROUTING TABLES ROUTE PREFERENCE – COMMON VALUES


STACTIC ROUTE CONFIGURATION

CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE

DEFAULT ROUTES
• les routes par défaut sont
utilisées uniquement lorsque les
paquets à transférer ne
correspondent à aucune entrée de
routage dans une table de
routage IP.
• Dans une table de routage IP,
une route par défaut est la
route vers le réseau 0.0.0.0
(avec le masque 0.0.0.0), à
savoir 0.0.0.0/0

APPLICATION SCENARIOS OF DEFAULT ROUTES

• Les routes par défaut sont généralement utilisées à la sortie


d'un réseau d'entreprise.
• Par exemple, vous pouvez
configurer une route par
défaut sur un appareil de
sortie pour permettre à
l'appareil de transférer
des paquets IP destinés à
n'importe quelle adresse
sur Internet.
Classification of dynamic routing protocols
→ IGP(interior gateway protocol)
• RIP
• OSPF
• IS-IS
→ EGP(exterior gateway protocol)
• BGP
→ Distance-vector
• Rip
→ Link-state routing protocol
• OSPF
• IS-IS

→ BGP utilise un algorithme de vecteur de chemin, qui est modifié


en fonction de l'algorithme de vecteur de distance. Par
conséquent, BGP est également appelé protocole de routage à
vecteur de chemin dans certains scénarios.

FLOATING ROUTE
LINK STATE ROUTING PROTOCOL
• Each router
generates
an LSA that
describes
status
information
about its
directly
connected
interface.
The LSA
contains
the
interface
cost and the relationship between the router and its
neighboring routers.

LINK-SATE ROUTING PROTOCOL LSDB CREATION


• Each router generates LSAs and adds the received LSAs to its
own link state database (LSDB)

LINK-SATE ROUTING PROTOCOL ROUTING TABLE GENERATION


• based on spf calculating results, each router installs routes
into the routing table

SUMMARY OF LINK STATE ROUTING PROTOCOLS.


→ The implementation of a link-state routing protocol is as
follows:

• Step 1: Establishes a neighbor relationship between


neighboring routers.

• Step 2: Exchanges link status information and synchronizes


LSDB information between neighbors.

• Step 3: Calculates an optimal path.

• Step 4: Generates route entries based on the shortest path


tree and loads the routing entries to the routing table.

OSPF APPLICATION ON A CAMPUS NETWORK


→ The core switch and agregation switches eun ospf to implement
reachable routes on h=the campus network
BASIC OSPF CONCEPTS : AREA
• The ospf area keyword
identifies an OSPF area
• the area is considered as a
logical group, and each
group is identified by an
area ID

BASIC OSPF CONCEPTS : ROUTER


ID

• A router ID uniquely
identifies a router in
an ospf area
• its can be manually
specified or
automatically assigned
by the system

BASIC OSPF CONCEPTS : COST VALUE

OSPF packet types


THREE TYPES OF OSPF ENTRIES – (ENTRIES IN THE NEIGHBOR TABLES)
• La table des voisins OSPF
contient de nombreuses
informations clés, telles que les
ID de routeur et les adresses
d'interface des périphériques
voisins.

THREE TYPES OF OSPF ENTRIES –


(ENTRIES IN THE LSDB TABLES)
THREE TYPES OF OSPF ENTRIES –
(ENTRIES IN THE OSPF ROUTING
TABLES)

PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING AN OSPF ADJACENCY RELATIONSHIP


• establish a bidirectoinal neighbor relationship (Hello packets)
• Negotiate the master/slave status (DD packets)
• Mutually describe the LSDB(summary information) (DD packets)
• Update LSAs and synchronize LSDBs of both ends (LSR,LSU,LS ACK,
LSR packetS)

→ And steps 5 is performed separately on each devicecalculates


routes

REVIEW OF THE OSPF NEIGHBOR TABLES


OSPF NETWORK TYPES

DR AND BDR

OSPF DOMAIN AND SINGLE AREA

• An OSPF domain is a
network that consist of a
series of contiguous ospf
network devices that use
same policy.
MULTI-AREA OSPF

TYPES OF OSPF ROUTERS


• Internal router
• Area border router (ABR)
• Backbone router
• AS boundary router (ASBR)

→ Internal router: All interfaces of an internal router belong to


the same OSPF area.

→ ABR: An interface of an ABR belongs to two or more areas, but at


least one interface belongs to the backbone area.

→ Backbone router: At least one interface of a backbone router


belongs to the backbone area.

→ ASBR: exchanges routing information with other ASs. If an OSPF


router imports external routes, the router is an ASBR.

BASIC OSPF CONFIGURATION

OSPF CONFIGURATION
EXAMPLES : CONFIGURING
INTERFACES
→ Configure interfaces of R2.
[R2] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 10.1.12.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 10.1.23.1 30

OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES : CONFIGURING OSPF (1)

OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES : CONFIGURING OSPF (2)

OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES : VERIFICATION (1)


OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES : VERIFICATION (1)

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