Funckion ad Odprndeny- (Rrso

ndan e
S e ma
an.
Xe aea dAubudes in R an
the ned
clion aI deherekeney bddn
Ae Aplen. a xadndg he e oingpepedy
in

han

A
FoA A 33
A C
A

Paspedien Foa - Recden)

e urcion 0ependoncy -
Q Funchon al depandrney-
XNina lJncional dehendmn he
alrubuse A om X hémeue the deperdeey
e mova any
. ane

2.
2 Pardia Oebendeny
A unckionad debtndeny X Y An a
ACx Con be
pcridehrndeny Aome adAibude
emoved om X and the deþendency d0
ohAome addhubue. AEX,,(x-SAR)>9
 3. T a a i ve Depencdeny

and Y92 ae he ed
XY
2 n Ananadive deprmdadi
FO' -0dn e han.

On X
Anaritive depadneg)

. Tiial and Non Auviad Depencdeny-

O AA i iad gdand àde an a.

ubtet h ehe. eAand ide

ASA AB A

daad R a
Preperdin eeo- Soe a
uedion adhody o Toente

c e0
L e F A 8 (9o,
thad A 9C.
Paee on dunhve
C
8 . Relerive 3
ond AB,85
Anankivy ?
an AC.

2 F A 98, (x , x2?
AC2.

C x and X2
Aaniiviy
A and 8 2
AC22 Paewdo haniiuy.
 F F- AS9
a ACOD b)A08

a) A8 nd B
ACDO (Pande -anilil)

b) we hove A B

Augmending
AO8 Augmendadion boh üde).

R R A ,03 ond F A-8 ,A)C,89O

Poue A9N

A >B and A SC.

A BC (Oion Rle)
A B Cnd B( 0
A 0 Anandivdy Rle)

d Nevoa member d
F
F SA A>C,8(03
A 3 and A DC
A C D o n Rwe )

Now A-3 and BSD

A O G arudiuy Rule )

A CAnd G(90

Paeudo JnansAiudy ?
AB D
mem b r
A6-D ane

So A G, ADand
F Led R{A,B C,OE3. and FO
ABC, A >0, 09E A-S83
Compude (Ag)
SAd un
AR = AB)
AG- (AB= CABC)
A 0 (AG)t (Ago)
0E
(A= (AgcoE)
o

Compude A o ,
¢

Findina Candidde ke Pume and Nen-prume aldsd

ReRadnn R{A,8,C.oS and FOA F={AB C9D_DA

Soldon-
Fi we Conpude
At A n nod Condidade Veybeca Ad Ccn'
ddemine A,G.c,0
A alne nok Candidade Vey.

0 A ACOS
CAn nod Candidde ue
Dt
5. Agt Ae cOo
A Candadede ve
AG 3hma
Candadade
Ve.
No heh (ombanaiion.ol

Act

Aot

(andidode Le
B

9. 0 AGD3
D'm CaAnddode ueys

Candadede Ve= AB C,BO

aAiubudes = \A,.(,07
rume
rume

R A,G,(,D,E'S
F A S90, O E, 8D, E >AA

eyCe A , E , G,Co
Condi dde

Awianend u i o n

Le =AA,B,,OF
A AS0, 0 E , ACS
CO ,

Comdadde Vey ume non une dis

Compde
T. AE n (anddsde Ve
 Nondundand Cove oh munimal (ovea
Ex- R SAS c,o3 ard he FO FA
F SA 8 3 ( 0 and OA>BS
Sol-
(hecR AB
Te
The Fo's ane 8 >0, B D ¬ DA S3S
Conud SA, ABO come n Rigt hahd ide
h d in aedundard
So S7 SAZ '
A» non- ardundan
2. (ne - C.
FOan A 8, 90 DA->R
Comput 3 non
-

Aedun dan .

h oh Ardandank*

. 6 OA B

OAt DABC Hen ce eundad

(2 z Po?
uF xY2, 2wP, 2
xPO

Find non- hedun dad (oveh.

S N2, ?>z, XPO, XYO yw? .

 Caunda dade Vey -
R A,8,c,0_E, HS
FO d
( A 8 , 6(->D FSC, D-A
Find candidale Kry R.
AEH E H, OEH

Decompomun
UecompoAdion ndes Ao ealeing uun
One AabRe indo mulple alen.
Aemou e
De compodion m done in ohden o
CAnomo ien due lo hedundanl iON.

Fngmo l a dur Ao edudont

ORedundand SAohegt
Vhdade Anqmay EooNu ho1 (uae.(

Dedt

Name Subnome Sode Masbs.

detonpostion

bcron auiun. 'in tun r

Oen o de comoadich
Penale adpedien dempaudon
AAubude eeaucdion,

Loden Lo deomp OMAox

()Debendency Aeneauetion

Lace uhdan
 Nom zadion
Ddabae Nomalizadion an hephoe.
dada able ondo
ou enouna
i n g nedndond otnou
Amphoue ohage ecaenH,dada ardeu
In he aedadiuna mcdel, methedus exud
oheae anddanq As eoient a dodoabae 7
Thene da cdionn a e called n o m a o m .

Edgah F. (odd Sit propard e hoce o

o be Rheuun a
malzadioh and uha. Came

NoimaQ am.

Nomauzadion wnaly Anuedven. diuiding

asae
anae Aablen d o Amadl& Aahden and delining
helatioips beween hem

Codd wend on Ao delne he Second Nortma

F o m 2 F ) and 3SF and r t e h Co dd
F. Rouce delined he
Ond Raymond
3NF widey tonudered o be aicient on
mot upiadions.

Need on Noeli zan

Ano
() Doda Redundont y
vdett Anemy
Ocdeion
Smetien
 (On neiau3eo NF)
Table wih UNF
Muided
AAAibude Rema e
aud ad Aubden
mu

Remve.
Paxdial Dchendency

Second Nop Remoue

Thanudwe depd'ny

3NF Removina nfmalnn g

gnomolien e l l ing
nom a d i a l depmdorun

Qemong
MAwadud deperdrncaen
Remove
eaaang Anomalien

S F

cha domaligan.
Oependencien Removal

Notmal Fom)
D Fud Noima Fom (4NF) -

Domaun eah adiubude mut be adomc

den not cordan mult
AB
-

., A a d i o n nin ANE
salued addude. AA he ce ane ingle vadued
ind
enduen in any (oumh ade o he
Name
a
tacnulumn a unnaMe name bud he onder o
No Awo ton ae
he nod mbordavd.
(ogumn
dedica, bud he ondo ohe xown'n hotimpordon.
Anome
Sawhe add
o A 27 A updasle
3 7133 3 Delcde -
A
 Setond Nonmad Foam C2NE)-
A acdion nin Second Nohmal Foam (2F),
a) T in nF and
Al non prime ad Aibden ae untional
dependent on he aeladioh Leys)

A helaion in 2NF none which nod þama

paiad dependeny Pabiad dehen deney nad o

eud shen anon ume oaAubuue anuncdiona
dependendend on (an be dedeamined uangn y a s p e r
Auoel oKe

AB but

Ne anme adAhude)

Kence Paki depamdent

A 2r3
T2NF.
UAR
toe-
Tinedation, ey Cond o ne elemend &heh

ey-
A O
A O

(Au -2NF.
NO
 Onden dud Cudomo AdA ucnddy|Oidice
So0
S A oo
Ait Go
SA Touyo
han SuD
S2
$3 Ps Sa
8PL 2o0 S60
Tuyo
20
200 Toz
SS AnTun.
SS ANTun
2 000
de gPL

Find FoA-
Ondea (udemen.
Ondes Add
Cudenex adAA
hoducd o Pace
Osden, Pudud Ouandidy

Onden dusucees|Asd\Oady

Onden, heduct

Oxden (udonme, Bdd.

odut d rce

2F
Rence otin

oder d u c s O d
Onden Z N i n 2NC

o
Saoun 2YE R3
P-A
Tuhd m Tm ( 3PF)-
A
heledion (Auhle) ''in 3E
a Tn in 2F anc
Eve non Ke adiibude annon anAuey dependend
On he

R
5) in 3NF NE hon-k addubude tan be Aandutiä-
vd deendend on any K i., ho aruive.
Scden
CHECIN
X A a ned o dibudes in R and A n
alno aAride
a
in R
a dependrn &henr n
ehm S AAthan. the addion anin 3NF
any
Ohe
ke uinga n
Aadinied byPac dep*rdrey
1) A AA a Ava Apendony t.eACx
i) X a e r ryon
i) A 'ana umt ciubde

A Prane aAude - A
a n Pume - C

DOn pame adAubude C

acmudiv ddpendend
on Ve A. Hence noA in 3tF
 RA ' i n 2NF budnad
in 3 F
In lad ( ) acdadio
bd(udemen

ode (dower Add

Ohdeh (domer

Cdomer5,add

deedenty)
Onder
cdd. S nanidive

dad
ime elodion an
adubuden aht

\n 3t{.

(o00 Nohmal Fonm -(BcE)

)) B0HE -

A aeladion an n BeNF
3NF
a) T t u in in tho a be n a
Candiddeks
deleunand

b) Evey
oR
a Aelo

A na uvia dependency

e
Subyd Thauneh |fokender|

Si,subyrd Taanen, Pencevdage .

Thounen Subeck

y-Sid Subyd? S sia,Trinou

 TAauno eseeaee

a dlon Condain ord one Candidode

V
3Nand BNF ahe equu uellevd

d Smame Cmaurid 6ade

A

SidSid n loueid 3, (`name, Couueid

Stdtsetd ACS O
A
A B x

Renth

Sd Snam SidConeid| Oocde

On

SronSid