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Handout For G-11

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10 views2 pages

Handout For G-11

Uploaded by

hm580314
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade 11 ICT Short Notes.

Prepared by BGIS-2-ICT Department

UNIT-6
Fundamentals of Programming
Programming languages are computer languages that are used to write different types of computer
programs or develop computer and mobile application.

Types of Programming Languages


1) Machine Language
Machine language is a low-level computer language. It is a language in which everything including
instructions, numbers, and memory locations are represented in 1s and 0s – binary system.
2) Assembly Language
Assembly language is also a low-level computer language but, instead of 1s and 0s, it uses symbols
known as mnemonics.
This software is known as Assembler, and it is used to translate assembly language instructions into
machine language.

3) High-Level Language
High-level languages are closer to human languages compared to both assembly and machine
languages.
Examples of high-level programming languages include C, C++, Java, C#, Python, Perl, and Ruby.
the translator software can be either a Compiler or an Interpreter.

Compilers translate high-level language written programs all at once into machine language.
programming languages that use compilers are C, C++, Java, and C#.

Interpreters translate and execute programs a statement at a time.


programming languages that use interpreters include Python, Perl, and Ruby.

Syntax and Semantics


Syntax refers to the rules of the programming language. It defines the structure or grammar of the
language that programs should strictly follow.

semantics is related to the meaning of elements of a program and what they do.
If a program violates any of the syntax rules of a language, the compiler or the interpreter produces an error
message. Such type of error is known as a syntax error.
A program can have no syntax error and get executed properly but can still behave in a way different from
what it is intended to. This kind of error is known as logic error and is associated with the semantics of a
language.

Compiled by Mr. Wossen Azene.


Grade 11 ICT Short Notes. Prepared by BGIS-2-ICT Department

Since compilers or interpreters do not catch logic errors, they are far more difficult to identify and
fix than syntax errors.

Basics of python
Python is one of the popular high-level programming languages in use today.
Python has a free integrated development environment known as IDLE. IDLE stands for Integrated
Development and Learning Environment. To write Python codes, the interactive interpreter or the text
editor of the IDLE can be used.
The Interactive Interpreter contains a Python shell, which is a textual user interface used to work with the
Python language.

Compiled by Mr. Wossen Azene.

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