1.

Adverbs

What is an Adverb?

An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words
including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase,
with the exception of determiners and adjectives, that directly modify nouns. A good way to
understand adverbs is to think about them as the words that provide context. Specifically,
adverbs provide a description of how, where, when, in what manner and to what extent
something is done or happens. Normally, we can spot an adverb by the fact that it often ends in
-ly, but there are lots of adverbs that don’t end in this way. Moreover, adverbs can be used in
many combinations with each other.

Traditionally considered a single part of speech, adverbs perform a wide variety of

functions, making it difficult to treat them as a single, unified category. However, spotting an
adverb, especially one that ends in -ly is easy. Adverbs normally help paint a fuller picture by
describing how something happens, such as :

• When? She always arrives early.

• How? He drives carefully.
• Where? They go everywhere together.
• In what way? She eats slowly.
• To what extent? It is terribly hot.
This function of providing more information about how something is done is called the
adverbial function, and it may be accomplished by using adverbial clauses and adverbial phrases
as well as by adverbs that stand alone. There are many rules for using adverbs, and these rules
often depend upon which type of adverb you are using. Remember these basics and using
adverbs to make sentences more meaningful will be easier for you.
➢ Adverbs can always be used to modify verbs. Notice that the second of these two
sentences is much more interesting simply because it contains an adverb:
• The dog ran. (You can picture a dog running, but you don’t really know much more
about the scene.)
• The dog ran excitedly. (You can picture a dog running, wagging its tail, panting
happily, and looking glad to see its owner. You can paint a much more interesting
picture in your head when you know how or why the dog is running.)
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 ➢ Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters “-ly” to adjectives. This makes it very
easy to identify adverbs in sentences. There are many exceptions to this rule; everywhere,
nowhere, and upstairs are a few examples.
➢ An adverb can be used to modify an adjective and intensify the meaning it conveys. For
example:
• He plays tennis well. (He knows how to play tennis and sometimes he wins.)
• He plays tennis extremely well. (He knows how to play tennis so well that he wins often.)

As you read the following adverb examples, you’ll notice how these useful words modify
other words and phrases by providing information about the place, time, manner, certainty,
frequency, or other circumstances of activity denoted by the verbs or verb phrases in the
sentences.

2. Types of Adverbs
2.1. Adverb Clauses

What is an adverb clause?

An adverb clause is a group of words that is used to change or qualify the meaning of an
adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase with the exception
of determiners and adjectives that directly modify nouns.

2.1.1. Examples of Adverb Clauses

As you read the following adverb clause examples, you’ll notice how these useful phrases
modify other words and phrases by providing interesting information about the place, time,
manner, certainty, frequency, or other circumstances of activity denoted by the verbs or verb
phrases in the sentences. While adverb clauses are slightly more complicated than simple
adverbs, they are worth learning about. The adverb clauses in these examples are italicized for
easy identification.

EX: Jennifer scrubbed the bathtub until her arms ached. (This adverb clause describes
how Jennifer scrubbed.)

EX: The dogs started chasing my car once they saw it turn the corner. (This adverb clause
describes when the dogs started chasing my car.)

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 EX: After having my wisdom teeth out, I had a milkshake for dinner because I couldn’t
chew anything. (This adverb clause describes why I had a milkshake for dinner.)

2.1.2. Adverb Clauses Exercises

The following exercises will help you gain greater understanding about how adverb
clauses work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. 1. The women took notes
________________________. a. While being taught to cook b. Steadily c. Noisily d. For their
children. the women took notes while being taught to cook. (This adverb clause describes when
the women took notes.) 2. We will go to the game __________________. a. Friday b. Even if it
rains c. Saturday d. Sometime. We will go to the game even if it rains. (This adverb clause
describes a certain condition, or a “how.”) 3. You can put the package ____________________.
a. Outside b. Inside c. Wherever you like d. Somewhere. You can put the package wherever you
like. (This adverb clause denotes a place, even though that place is not specific.) 4.
___________________, you will not be punished. a. Since you have apologized b. We decided
c. He told me d. You are lucky. Since you have apologized, you will not be punished. (This
adverb clause denotes a reason or a “why.”) 5. She was so tired _____________________. a.
She left b. She cried c. Today d. That she could not stand. She was so tired that she could not
stand. (This adverb clause denotes a result of being tired or a “how.”)

2.1.3. Adverb Clauses List

When creating adverb clauses, feel free to be creative. The following examples will help
you get started:
• Even when I’m sick.
• When you have finished working
• Whenever you like
• Wherever we prefer
• Since I returned from vacation
• As she was not there
• Since you always do well
• Before entering high school
• After I return
• So that he would understand

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 2.2. Adverb of Frequency

What are adverbs of frequency?

Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us how often or how
frequently something happens are defined as adverbs of frequency. An adverb of frequency is
exactly what it sounds like – an adverb of time. Adverbs of frequency always describe how often
something occurs, either in definite or indefinite terms. An adverb that describes definite
frequency is one such as weekly, daily, or yearly. An adverb describing indefinite frequency
doesn’t specify an exact time frame; examples are sometimes, often, and rarely.

2.2.1. Adverbs of Frequency Rules

These simple rules for adverbs of frequency will help you to use them correctly:
• Always use adverbs of frequency to discuss how often something happens.
• Adverbs of frequency are often used to indicate routine or repeated activities, so they are
often used with the present simple tense.
• If a sentence has only one verb, place the adverb of frequency in the middle of the
sentence so that it is positioned after the subject but before the verb. For example: Tom
never flies. He always takes the bus.
• When a sentence contains more than one verb, place the adverb of frequency before the
main verb. For example: They have often visited Europe.
• When using an adverb of frequency in the negative or in forming a question, place it
before the main verb. For example: Do you usually get up so late?
2.2.2. Examples of Adverbs of Frequency
Each sentence contains an example of an adverb of frequency; the examples are italicized for
easy identification.
EX: The incubator turns each egg hourly.

EX: We take a vacation at least once annually.

EX: I usually shop for groceries on Saturday mornings.

EX: He is often late for work.

EX: We seldom see John.

EX: My dentist told me I should floss twice daily.

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 2.2.3. Adverbs of Frequency Exercises

The following exercises will help you to gain better understanding about how adverbs of
frequency work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. 1. I ________________ late
on Saturdays. a. Get up usually b. Get usually up c. Usually get up. I usually get up late on
Saturdays. 2. Jared ______________ late for work. a. Never is b. Is never. Jared is never late for
work. 3. _______________ on weekends? a. Often do you travel b. Do you often travel c. Often
you do travel. Do you often travel on weekends? 4. Susan ________________ early for class. a.
Often is b. Are often c. Often are d. Is often. Susan is often early for class. 5. When do you
____________ go on vacation each year? a. Always b. Never c. Usually d. Ever.

2.2.4. Adverbs of Frequency List

This list of adverbs of frequency contains many of the most common; keep in mind though
that there are many other words which can serve in this capacity.

• Always
• Annually
• Constantly
• Daily
• Eventually
• Ever
• Frequently
• Generally
• Hourly
• Infrequently
• Later
• Monthly
• Never
• Next
• Nightly
• Normally
• Now
• Occasionally

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 • Often
• Quarterly
• Rarely
• Regularly
• Sometimes
• Soon
• Then
• Today
• Tonight
• Weekly
• Yearly
• Yesterday
• Yet
2.3. Adverb of Manner

What is an adverb of manner?

Adverbs of manners describe how something happens. For example, it is possible to walk or
run at different speeds. The words used to describe walking or running at different speeds
(quickly or slowly for example) are excellent examples of adverbs of manners. They help the
reader gain greater insight into the way a written scene is playing out. Comparing the following
sentences will help you to understand how these adverbs change the overall meaning of the
sentences they’re found in.

The boys ran. (There is no adverb of manner in this sentence, so we can only imagine how
fast the boys are running.) The boys ran quickly. (The adverb of manner is quickly. It tells us
that the boys are in a hurry.) The boys were tired, so they ran more slowly than before. (The
adverb of manner is slowly. It tells us that the boys are running, but they aren’t covering as much
ground as they were before.) There are a few rules to remember regarding adverbs of manner:
• When using these adverbs, be careful not to place them between the object and the verb.
They often fit best after the sentence’s object or main verb.
• If there is a preposition before the object, the adverb of manner may be placed either
before the preposition or after the sentence’s object.

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 • Add emphasis by placing an adverb of manner before both the verb and object, and when
these adverbs are placed at the beginning of a sentence, they catch the reader’s attention.
As you read the following examples of adverbs of manner, you will notice how the same
adverb can lend different meanings to sentences containing nearly the exact same set of words.
2.3.1. Examples of Adverbs of Manner
The adverb of manner in each example has been italicized for easy identification. He quickly
agreed to go to the store for milk. (His agreement was quick) He agreed to go to the store for
milk quickly. (He would go to the store quickly) She quietly asked me to leave the room. (Her
request was quiet) She asked me to leave the room quietly. (I am not going to make noise when
I leave) The doctor woke the gently sleeping patient. (The patient was sleeping gently) The
doctor gently woke the sleeping patient. (The doctor was gentle while waking the patient)
2.3.2. Adverbs of Manner Exercises
The following exercises will help you gain greater understanding about how adverbs of
manner work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. 1. The excited baby pounded
the table _______________. a. Badly b. Hungrily c. Normally d. Variously. 2. Walk
______________ or you may miss the bus. a. Quickly b. Slowly c. Personally d. Happily. 3.
Reading ______________ helps you to understand concepts better. a. Rapidly b. Briefly c.
Carefully d. Always. 4. Playing music too _______________ can damage your hearing. a.
Slowly b. Cheerfully c. Carelessly d. Loudly. 5. A tortoise walks _______________. a. Mostly
b. Slowly c. Happily d. Eagerly.
2.3.3. Adverbs of Manner List
The following list of adverbs of manner contains 125 single-word adverbs of manner; this is just
a sample, as adverbs of manner actually form the largest of all groups of adverbs.
• accidentally angrily anxiously awkwardly badly beautifully boldly bravely brightly
busily calmly carefully cautiously cheerfully clearly closely correctly courageously
cruelly daringly deliberately doubtfully eagerly easily elegantly enormously
enthusiastically equally eventually exactly faithfully fast fatally fiercely fondly foolishly
fortunately frantically generously gently gladly gracefully greedily happily hard hastily
honestly hungrily hurriedly inadequately ingeniously innocently inquisitively irritably
joyously justly kindly lazily loosely loudly madly mortally mysteriously neatly nervously
noisily obediently openly painfully patiently perfectly politely poorly powerfully
promptly punctually quickly quietly rapidly rarely really recklessly regularly reluctantly

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 repeatedly rightfully roughly rudely sadly safely selfishly sensibly seriously sharply shyly
silently sleepily slowly smoothly so softly speedily stealthily sternly straight stupidly
successfully suddenly suspiciously swiftly tenderly tensely thoughtfully tightly truthfully
unexpectedly victoriously violently vivaciously warmly weakly wearily well wildly
wisely
2.4. Adverb of Place
What is an adverb of place?
Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us where things happen
are defined as adverbs of place. Some instructors refer to these words or phrases as spatial
adverbs. No matter what they are called, these adverbs always answer one important question:
Where?
These simple rules for adverbs of place will help you to use them the right way:
• An adverb of place always talks about the location where the action of the verb is being
carried out.
• Adverbs of place are normally placed after a sentence’s object or main verb.
• Adverbs of place can be directional. For example: Up, down, around, away, north,
southeast
• Adverbs of place can refer to distances. For example: Nearby, far away, miles apart
• An adverb of place can indicate an object’s position in relation to another object. For
example: Below, between, above, behind, through, around and so forth.
• Many adverbs of place indicate movement in a particular direction and end in the letters
“-ward or -wards”. For example: Toward, forward, backward, homeward, westward,
eastwards onwards
2.4.1. Examples of Adverbs of Place
Each sentence contains an example of an adverb of place; the examples are italicized for easy
identification. As you read these examples, you will notice that some of the adverbs of place
contain more than one word. Put the cake there. After a long day at work, we headed homewards.
Please bring that book here. My grandfather’s house is nearby.
2.4.2. Adverbs of Place Exercises
Close the door when you go ___________.
• Out
• Westward

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 • Lightly
• Here
The cat is hiding _______________ the couch.
• On
• Underneath
• Somewhere
• There
Will you be starting your plants ________________ or in a greenhouse?
• Round
• Home
• Outside
• Around
The ship sailed ________________, encountering heavy weather along the way.
• Up
• Down
• Northwards
• Backwards
When she saw me waiting, she ran --------------__________________ me.
• Around
• Towards
• Through
• Forward
2.4.3. Adverbs of Place List
As you read through the examples this adverbs of place list contains, think about how they
denote location or movement. With some consideration, you are likely to come up with some
additional terms on your own.
• Abroad
• Across
• Ahead
• Back
• Backwards
• Beyond
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 • Down
• Downwards
• Eastwards
• Everywhere
• Here
• In
• Indoors
• Inside
• Outside
• Overseas
• There
• West
• Yonder
2.5. Adverb of Time
What is an adverb of time?
Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us when things happen
are defined as adverbs of time. An adverb of time is just what you might expect it to be – a word
that describes when, for how long, or how often a certain action happened. You will notice that
many adverbs of time are the same as adverbs of frequency. There is quite a bit of overlap
between these two types of adverbs – so much so that some instructors choose to mention one
or the other but not both.
These simple rules for adverbs of time will help you to use them the right way:
➢ Adverbs of time often work best when placed at the end of sentences. For example:
• Robin Hood swindled the Sheriff of Nottingham yesterday.
• Robin Hood swindled the Sheriff of Nottingham yesterday.
➢ You can change the position of an adverb of time to lend emphasis to a certain aspect of
a sentence. For example:
• Later Robin Hood stole the king’s crown. (The time is the most important element here.)
• Robin Hood later stole the king’s crown. (This is a formal way to use the adverb later.
Notice how the statement sounds like it belongs in a police report.)
• Robin Hood stole the king’s crown later. (This is a neutral, standard way to use the adverb
later.)
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 ➢ Adverbs of time describing for how long an action occurred usually work best at the end
of a sentence. For example:
• She stayed at her grandmother’s house all day.
• My father was up with heartburn for hours.
➢ Adverbs of time that express an exact number of times the action happens usually work
best at the end of a sentence. For example:
• The newspaper arrives daily.
• They go out to dinner weekly.
• Our family goes on an outing monthly.
➢ When using more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them in the following order:
• 1. How long
• 2. How often
• 3. When
For Example:
• She volunteered at the hospital (1)for three days (2)every month (3)last year.
2.5.1. Examples of Adverbs of Time
Each sentence contains an example of an adverb of time; the examples are italicized for easy
identification. Are you coming to work tomorrow? I’d like to go to the movies later. Jim was so
sick he spent four weeks in the hospital.
2.5.2. Adverbs of Time Exercises
We go out for Japanese food ________________.
• Willingly
• Normally
• Weekly
• Perfectly
Have you done your homework _____________?
• Now
• Then
• Yet
• Still
Do you _______________ work at the bank?
• Still
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 • Never
• Grudgingly
• Happily
Would you rather drive sometimes or take the train ______________?
• Still
• Never
• Every day
• To the beach
The patient is -------------___________ waiting to see the doctor.
• Still
• Never
• Every day
• Sadly
2.5.3. Adverbs of Time List

After reading this list of adverbs of time, you may be able to come up with several more on
your own. Remember that adverbs of time always tell us when, how long, and how often
something happens. When: Yesterday Today Tomorrow Later Last year Now How long: All
morning For hours Since last week How often: Frequently Never Sometimes Often Annually.

2.6. Adverb of Degree

What is an adverb of degree?

An adverb of degree is used to discuss the degree or intensity of an adjective, an action, or

another adverb. There are so many adverbs of degree that it’s impossible to list them all in one
short guide. Some common examples of adverbs of degree follow.
• Almost
• Absolutely
• Barely
• Completely
• Deeply
• Enough
• Enormously

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 • Extremely
• Fairly
• Fully
• Greatly
• Hardly
• Incredibly
• Practically
• Quite
• Scarcely
• Somewhat
• Terribly
• Virtually
Adverbs of degree are important modifiers. As you will soon see, they are usually placed
before the word they are modifying.

2.6.1. Examples of Adverbs of Degree

Adverbs of degree allow you to be very specific when writing, no matter what the purpose.
In the following examples, the adverbs of degree have been italicized for ease of identification.
They were almost finished. This cake is absolutely wonderful. The temperature was barely above
freezing. Our driveway is completely frozen. We felt incredibly lucky after winning tickets to
the World Series. My teacher is terribly grumpy today.

2.7. Adverbs of Purpose

Adverbs of purpose, sometimes called adverbs of reason, help to describe why something
happened. They can come in the form of individual words – so, since, thus, because – but also
clauses – so that, in order to. Notice in the examples that the adverbs of purpose are used to
connect sentences that wouldn’t make sense if they were formed alone. Adverbs of purpose
examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
2.7.1. Examples of Adverbs of Purpose
• I was sick, thus didn’t go to work today.
• I started jogging so that I wouldn’t be late.
• Because I was late, I jogged a little faster.
• Since it’s your birthday, I will buy you a gift.
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 2.8. Position of Adverbs
The positions of adverbs are not a fixed or set thing. As you have seen, adverbs can appear
in different positions in a sentence. However, there are some rules that help us decide where an
adverb should be positioned. The rules will be different depending on whether the adverb is
acting to modify an adjective or another adverb, a verb or what type of adverb it is. Positional
adverb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification. Adverb position
with adjectives and other adverbs These adverbs will usually be placed before the adjective or
adverb being modified:
• We gave them a really tough match. The adverb really modifies the adjective tough.
• It was quite windy that night. The adverb quite modifies the adjective windy.
• We don’t go to the movies terribly often. The adverb terribly modifies the adverb often.
Adverb position with verbs This can be a bit trickier because it will depend on the type of
adverb – place, position, time etc. – and there are many exceptions to the rules. However, a basic
set of guidelines is shown below: Adverbs of manner or place are usually positioned at the end
of the sentence:
• She laughed timidly.
• I stroked the cat gently.
• Janine lived here.
• There is money everywhere.
As mentioned, if the adverb is of definite time, it will be placed at the end of the sentence.
• I did it yesterday.
• We can discuss it tomorrow.
• Let’s go to Paris next week.
However, if it is an indefinite period of time, it will go between the subject and main verb.
• We often go to Paris in the springtime.
• Debbie regularly swims here.
• Bobby and Audrey always loved fishing by the lake.
2.9. Order of Adverbs
Adverb order is so important it has clear rules. It’s already mentioned that some adverbs will
act to modify another, but how do you decide the structure of a sentence with several adverbs?
Thankfully, there is a simple set of rules to follow, called the order of adverbs. Handily, the order

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of adverbs, sometimes also called the royal order of adverbs, can help us determine sentence
structure too. In short, the adverbs get preference (are placed first) in the following order:
• Adverbs of manner.
• Adverbs of place.
• Adverbs of frequency.
• Adverbs of time.
• Adverbs of purpose.
Consider this sentence: I run (verb) quickly (manner) down the road (place) every
morning (frequency) before school (time) because (purpose) I might miss the bus. While it is
good to remember the order of adverbs, there is always flexibility with language, and we have
already mentioned that adverbs of time and frequency can be placed at the start of a sentence to
change the emphasis. So, bottom line: think of the order of adverbs as more of a guideline than
a rule that can’t be broken.
3. Examples of Adverbs
As you read each of the following adverb examples, note that the adverbs have been italicized
for easy identification. Consider how replacing the existing adverbs with different ones would
change the meaning of each sentence.
• She was walking rapidly.
• The kids love playing together in the sandbox.
• Please come inside now.
• His jokes are always very.
• You don’t really care, do you?
4. Adverbs Exercises
The driver stopped the bus _______________.
A. Financially B. Exactly C. Abruptly D. Now
During autumn, colorful leaves can be seen falling ______________ from trees.
A. Everywhere B. Very C. Gently D. Loudly
My grandmother always smiled _______________.
A. Cheerfully B. Sadly C. Never D. Yesterday
After the party, confetti was strewn _________________.
A. Blandly B. Everywhere C. Later D. Carefully
It’s time to go ____________.
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A. Before B. Now C. Yesterday D. Lightly
5. Adverbs List
There are many different words that function as adverbs. The following list is broken
down into segments which list adverbs by function. After reading, you will be able to think of
additional adverbs to add to your own list – after all, there are thousands. Many adverbs end in
“-ly”. This makes it very easy to spot the adverbs in most sentences. Abruptly Boldly Carefully
Deliberately Excitedly Financially Horribly Mildly Naughtily Openly Poorly Quickly Sadly
Terribly Willingly Yearly Some adverbs tell us where the action happened. These are known as
adverbs of place. Everywhere Here Inside There Underground Upstairs Certain adverbs let us
know when or how often the action happened. These are known as adverbs of time and adverbs
of frequency. After Always Before Later Now Today Yesterday Many adverbs tell us the extent
of the action. Almost Enough So Too Quite Rather Very Some adverbs are used as intensifiers.
Absolutely Certain Completely Heartily Really Certain adverbs called adverbs of manner tell us
about the way in which something was done. Briskly Cheerfully Expectantly Randomly
Willingly Some groups of words serve the same functions as adverbs. These are known as adverb
clauses. Be sure to read the adverb clause section to learn new ways to make your sentences
even more interesting.
6.Answer Key
6.1. Exercises 2.1.2
Answer:

1A
2B
3C
4A
5D

6.2. Exercises 2.2.3

Answer:

1C

2A

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3B

4D

5C

6.3. Exercises 2.3.2

Answer:

1B

2A

3C

4D

5B

6.4. Exercises 2.4.2

Answer:

1A

2B

3C

4C

5B

6.5. Exercises 2.5.2

Answer:

1C

2C

3A

4C

5A
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6.6. Exercises 4

Answer:

1C

2C

3A

4B

5B

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 Introduction

First of all, thank you to the teachers who have helped train us students in past. Special
thanks to Mr. Sor Tito for helping to train our L2B07 class from the first semester to the second
semester.

Before reaching the whole article find out, what is an adverb? Adverbs are words that
usually modify that is, they limit or restrict the meaning of verb. They may also modify
adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, or even entire sentences. Most adverbs are formed by adding-
/y to an adjective. If the adjective already ands in in-y, the -y usually changes to-I. There are,
however, may common adverbs that do not end in-/y, such as again, also, just, never, often, soon,
today, too, very, and well. There are a few different kinds of adverbs. The words when, where,
why, and how are called interrogative adverbs when they begin a question. When an adverb
modifies a whole sentences or clause, it is called a sentences adverb.

For using adverbs in English, Adverbs modify, or tell us more about, other words. Usually
adverbs modify verbs, telling us how, often, when, or where something was done. The adverbs
are placed after the verbs it modifies. (Example > The bus moved slowly). Sometimes adverbs
modify adjectives, making them stronger or weaker. (Examples > You look absolutely fabulous!).
Some types of adverbs can modify other adverbs, changing their degree or precision. (Example >
she played the violin extremely well.)

Below is the full text. As well details and definitions, as well as examples.

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