Input:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from numpy.polynomial.legendre import leggauss
from scipy.integrate import quad
from tabulate import tabulate

print("Ashish Kumar Meena | 13935")

w1 = [1, 1]
w2 = [5/9, 8/9, 5/9]
p1 = [np.sqrt(1/3), -np.sqrt(1/3)]
p2 = [-np.sqrt(3/5), 0, np.sqrt(3/5)]
x4, w4 = leggauss(4)
x8, w8 = leggauss(8)

def f(x):
a=0
b=2
t = ((b + a) * x) / 2 + (b - a) / 2
dt = (b + a) / 2
return (t**5) * dt

def inte(w, q, n):

total = 0
for i in range(n):
total += w[i] * f(q[i])
return total
result, _ = quad(lambda x: f(x), -1, 1)
re1 = inte(w1, p1, 2)
re2 = inte(w2, p2, 3)
re3 = inte(w4, x4, 4)
re4 = inte(w8, x8, 8)

print( 'Two Point Form:',re1)

print('Three Point Form:',re2)
print('Four Point Form:',re3)
print('Eight Point Form:',re4)

err = ((result - re1) / result) * 100

err1 = ((result - re2) / result) * 100
err2 = ((result - re3) / result) * 100
err3 = ((result - re4) / result) * 100

from tabulate import tabulate

data = [
['2', re1,result,err],
['3', re2,result,err1],
['4', re3,result,err2],
['8', re4,result,err3]
]
headers = ['n','Gauss Legendre Method', 'Actual Integral Value', '%error']
print(tabulate(data, headers, tablefmt="grid"))

Output:
Input:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from numpy.polynomial.legendre import leggauss
from scipy.integrate import quad
from tabulate import tabulate

print("Ashish Kumar Meena | 13935")

w1 = [1, 1]
w2 = [5/9, 8/9, 5/9]
p1 = [np.sqrt(1/3), -np.sqrt(1/3)]
p2 = [-np.sqrt(3/5), 0, np.sqrt(3/5)]
x4, w4 = leggauss(4)
x8, w8 = leggauss(8)

def f(x):
a=0
b=3
t = ((b + a) * x) / 2 + (b - a) / 2
dt = (b + a) / 2
return (t**2+3*t-5) * dt

def inte(w, q, n):

total = 0
for i in range(n):
total += w[i] * f(q[i])
return total

result, _ = quad(lambda x: f(x), -1, 1)

re1 = inte(w1, p1, 2)
re2 = inte(w2, p2, 3)
re3 = inte(w4, x4, 4)
re4 = inte(w8, x8, 8)

print( 'Two Point Form:',re1)

print('Three Point Form:',re2)
print('Four Point Form:',re3)
print('Eight Point Form:',re4)

err = ((result - re1) / result) * 100

err1 = ((result - re2) / result) * 100
err2 = ((result - re3) / result) * 100
err3 = ((result - re4) / result) * 100

from tabulate import tabulate

data = [
['2', re1,result,err],
['3', re2,result,err1],
['4', re3,result,err2],
['8', re4,result,err3]
]
headers = ['n','Gauss Legendre Method', 'Actual Integral Value', '%error']
print(tabulate(data, headers, tablefmt="grid"))

Output:
Input:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from numpy.polynomial.legendre import leggauss
from scipy.integrate import quad
from tabulate import tabulate

print("Ashish Kumar Meena | 13935")

w1 = [1, 1]
w2 = [5/9, 8/9, 5/9]
p1 = [np.sqrt(1/3), -np.sqrt(1/3)]
p2 = [-np.sqrt(3/5), 0, np.sqrt(3/5)]
x4, w4 = leggauss(4)
x8, w8 = leggauss(8)

def f(x):
a=0
b=3
t = ((b + a) * x) / 2 + (b - a) / 2
dt = (b + a) / 2
return (t**5) * dt

def inte(w, q, n):

total = 0
for i in range(n):
total += w[i] * f(q[i])
return total

result, _ = quad(lambda x: f(x), -1, 1)

re1 = inte(w1, p1, 2)
re2 = inte(w2, p2, 3)
re3 = inte(w4, x4, 4)
re4 = inte(w8, x8, 8)

print( 'Two Point Form:',re1)

print('Three Point Form:',re2)
print('Four Point Form:',re3)
print('Eight Point Form:',re4)

err = ((result - re1) / result) * 100

err1 = ((result - re2) / result) * 100
err2 = ((result - re3) / result) * 100
err3 = ((result - re4) / result) * 100

from tabulate import tabulate

data = [
['2', re1,result,err],
['3', re2,result,err1],
['4', re3,result,err2],
['8', re4,result,err3]
]
headers = ['n','Gauss Legendre Method', 'Actual Integral Value', '%error']
print(tabulate(data, headers, tablefmt="grid"))

Output:
Q 2.4 Write a Python program to solve the following improper integral over the entire real
axis using gauss Legendre Quadrature
∞ 2 1
∫−∞ 𝑒 −𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

Tabulate your integral value with the number of quadrature points . Compare the results
obtained using in build function.

Input:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from numpy.polynomial.legendre import leggauss
from scipy.integrate import quad
from tabulate import tabulate

print("Ashish Kumar Meena | 13935")

w=[1,1]
w2 = [5/9, 8/9, 5/9]
p=[np.sqrt(1/3),-np.sqrt(1/3)]
p2 = [-np.sqrt(3/5), 0, np.sqrt(3/5)]
x4,w4=leggauss(4)
x8,w8=leggauss(8)
def f(x):
return (np.pi/2)*np.exp((-1)*(np.tan(x*(np.pi/2)))**2)

def inte(w, q, n):

total = 0
for i in range(n):
total += w[i] * f(q[i])
return total

result, _ = quad(lambda x: f(x), -1, 1)

re1 = inte(w, p, 2)
re2 = inte(w2, p2, 3)
re3 = inte(w4, x4, 4)
re4 = inte(w8, x8, 8)

print( 'Two Point Form:',re1)

print('Three Point Form:',re2)
print('Four Point Form:',re3)
print('Eight Point Form:',re4)
err = ((result - re1) / result) * 100
err1 = ((result - re2) / result) * 100
err2 = ((result - re3) / result) * 100
err3 = ((result - re4) / result) * 100

from tabulate import tabulate

data = [
['2', re1,result,err],
['3', re2,result,err1],
['4', re3,result,err2],
['8', re4,result,err3]
]
# Column headers
headers = ['n','Gauss Hermite Method', 'Actual Integral Value', '%error']
print(tabulate(data, headers, tablefmt="grid"))

Output:
Q 2.5 Write a Python program to solve following improper integral over real axis using
gauss Laguerre quadrature.
∞
1
∫ 𝑒 −𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥
0 1 + 𝑥2

Tabulate your integral value with number of quadrature points. Compare the results
obtained using inbuilt functions. Note: apply the method to the function of exponential
weights.

Input:

import numpy as np
from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import laggauss
from scipy.integrate import quad
from tabulate import tabulate
print("Ashish Kumar Meena | 13935")
def integrand(x):
return np.exp(2) / (1 + x**2)

def gauss_laguerre_quadrature(func, n):

x, w = laggauss(n)
integral_approx = np.sum(w * func(x))
return integral_approx

# Number of quadrature points to use

n_points = [2, 3, 4, 6]

# Calculate the integral using Gauss-Laguerre quadrature for different numbers of points
results = []
for n in n_points:
approx_integral = gauss_laguerre_quadrature(integrand, n)
results.append((n, approx_integral))

# Calculate the integral using scipy's quad function

result, error = quad(lambda x: integrand(x) * np.exp(-x), 0, np.inf)

# Tabulating results and errors

data = []
for n, approx_integral in results:
error_percentage = ((result - approx_integral) / result) * 100
data.append([n, approx_integral, result, error_percentage])
# Column headers
headers = ['n', 'Gauss Laguerre Method', 'Actual Integral Value', '% Error']
print(tabulate(data, headers, tablefmt="grid"))

Output:
Q 2.6 Write a Python program to solve following improper integral over real axis using
gauss Laguerre quadrature.
∞
∫ 𝑥 5 𝑒 −𝑥+2.2 𝑑𝑥
0

Tabulate your integral value with number of quadrature points. Compare the results
obtained using inbuilt functions. Note: apply the method to the function of exponential
weights.

Input:

print("Ashish Kumar Meena | 13935")

import numpy as np
from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import laggauss
from scipy.integrate import quad
from tabulate import tabulate

def integrand(x):
return x**5 * np.exp( 2.2)

def gauss_laguerre_quadrature(func, n):

x, w = laggauss(n)
integral_approx = np.sum(w * func(x))
return integral_approx

# Number of quadrature points to use

n_points = [2, 3, 4, 6]

# Calculate the integral using Gauss-Laguerre quadrature for different numbers of points
results = []
for n in n_points:
approx_integral = gauss_laguerre_quadrature(integrand, n)
results.append((n, approx_integral))

# Calculate the integral using scipy's quad function

result, error = quad(lambda x: integrand(x)*np.exp(-x), 0, np.inf)

# Tabulating results and errors

data = []
for n, approx_integral in results:
error_percentage = ((result - approx_integral) / result) * 100
 data.append([n, approx_integral, result, error_percentage])

# Column headers
headers = ['n', 'Gauss Laguerre Method', 'Actual Integral Value', '% Error']
print(tabulate(data, headers, tablefmt="grid"))

Output:
Q 2.7 Write a Python program to solve following improper integral over real axis using
Gauss Hermite quadrature.
∞
1 2
∫ 2
𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−∞ 1 + 𝑥

Tabulate your integral value with number of quadrature points. Compare the results
obtained using inbuilt functions. Note: apply the method to the function of Gaussian
Weight.

Input:

print("Ashish Kumar Meena | 13935")

import numpy as np
from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermgauss
from scipy.integrate import quad
from tabulate import tabulate

def integrand(x):
return 1/(1+x**2)

def gauss_hermite_quadrature(func, n):

x, w = hermgauss(n)
integral_approx = np.sum(w * func(x))
return integral_approx

# Number of quadrature points to use

n_points = [2, 3, 4, 6]

# Calculate the integral using Gauss-hermite quadrature for different numbers of points
results = []
for n in n_points:
approx_integral = gauss_hermite_quadrature(integrand, n)
results.append((n, approx_integral))

# Calculate the integral using scipy's quad function

result, error = quad(lambda x: integrand(x)*np.exp(-x**2), -np.inf, np.inf)

# Tabulating results and errors

data = []
for n, approx_integral in results:
error_percentage = ((result - approx_integral) / result) * 100
 data.append([n, approx_integral, result, error_percentage])

# Column headers
headers = ['n', 'Gauss hermite Method', 'Actual Integral Value', '% Error']
print(tabulate(data, headers, tablefmt="grid"))

Output:
Q 2.8 Write a Python program to solve following improper integral over real axis using
Gauss Hermite quadrature.
∞
2 −1
∫ 𝑥4 𝑒−𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−∞

Tabulate your integral value with number of quadrature points. Compare the results
obtained using inbuilt functions. Note: apply the method to the function of Gaussian
Weight.

Input:

print("Ashish Kumar Meena | 13935")

import numpy as np
from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermgauss
from scipy.integrate import quad
from tabulate import tabulate

def integrand(x):
return (x**4)*(np.exp(-1))

def gauss_hermite_quadrature(func, n):

x, w = hermgauss(n)
integral_approx = np.sum(w * func(x))
return integral_approx

# Number of quadrature points to use

n_points = [2, 3, 4, 6]

# Calculate the integral using Gauss-hermite quadrature for different numbers of points
results = []
for n in n_points:
approx_integral = gauss_hermite_quadrature(integrand, n)
results.append((n, approx_integral))

# Calculate the integral using scipy's quad function

result, error = quad(lambda x: integrand(x)*np.exp(-x**2), -np.inf, np.inf)

# Tabulating results and errors

data = []
for n, approx_integral in results:
error_percentage = ((result - approx_integral) / result) * 100
 data.append([n, approx_integral, result, error_percentage])

# Column headers
headers = ['n', 'Gauss hermite Method', 'Actual Integral Value', '% Error']
print(tabulate(data, headers, tablefmt="grid"))

Output: