Design and Implementation of Prevent Gas Poisoning from Sewage

Workers using Arduino

2020 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Energy, Signal Processing and Cyber Security (iSSSC) | 978-1-7281-8880-5/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/iSSSC50941.2020.9358841

1
N. Umapathi, 2SaiTeja, 3Roshini, 4SaiKiran
1Associate Professor ,2,3,4 B.Tech - ECE, IV Year student
1,2,3,4Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
1, 2, 3, 4Jyothishmathi Institute of Technology & Science – Karimnagar, Telangana, India.

Email.com:[email protected],[email protected]

Abstract – Maintenance of sewage system is a cumbersome task which Work [5] implements a Bluetoothbased wireless node to
has to be carried out in regular basis since it is inevitable. Domestic measure theconcentrations of CO2, temperature, humidity and
practices will produce some organic waste like leftover food, wet waste also Earth’s magnetic field. Reference [6] implements a real
etc.which are released into drains. This wastes will release some of the time IoT based air quality monitoring system using a Raspberry
hazardous gases like CH4, CO and H2S. The paper implements an idea pi to measure gases like PM2.5, CO2, CO, steam and air
of detecting sewage gases which are harmful, hence preventsthe people pressure and transmit them to cloud. System in [7] designs a
working in sewage systems from gas poisoning. The developed system wireless sensor network in order to observe hazardous gases like
is aimed to alert the sewage workers by using an Arduino Mega, gas CO2and implements a low power system for better battery by
sensors and GSM Module. The system monitors sewage gases making use of a wireless area network. The Reference described
continuously and when the content of hazardous gas hits the set
in [8] monitors atmospheric pressure, humidity, ambient light
threshold value the Arduino sends an SMS alert to the registered
and temperature in urbanized areas using sensors. System [9] is
number. For the people present nearby the values are displayed on
a microcontroller-based project which turn a buzzer ON if a gas
LCD display. The system also has an ultrasonic sensor to measure the
depth of sewer. The threshold and Alert message are set by coding the
leak is detected after that the system shutdown the gas supply
Arduino Mega. valve in order to prevent the further gas flow also blows out gas
by an evacuator fans. The system also sends an SMS to alert
about the presence of a potential gas leakage. From reference
Index Terms– Gas Poisoning, CH4, H2S, CO, GSM [10] we see a hardware system to store and analyze the sampled
data from sensors also calculate energy consumption using
Wireless Sensor Network. Work referenced in [11] implements
I. INTRODUCTION
a chemistry detector to observe the dangerous gases like NH3at
People working in sewage systems are often exposed different areas within a animal house. In reference to reports in
to hazardous gases like Methane (CH4), Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), [12] which introduces a system that gives a datasheet about the
Carbon monoxide (CO) etc. This gases may cause respiratory parameters like heat, pressure, CO and air impurities of an area
disorders to them. But someone has to take this risk of cleaning using a relatively low price, low power Advanced Risc Machine
them at any cost because leaving them uncleansed may result in based on Raspberry pi using LAN.
further adverse effects. Besides, gases like H2S and CH4 are
even explosive hence a careless step in this conditions can cause III DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION
fatal loss. So this simple system based on Arduino and gas
Hardware used
sensors is used to monitor the levels of this gases in drainage
system. The values of gas levels are displayed on the LCD 1. Arduino Mega Board
display to the workers and there is also a GSM module which
send SMS to the set number in case of a mishap. The system Arduino Mega 2560 is an open source microcontroller
also have an Ultrasonic distance sensor which can be used to board based on the ATmega2560. This board has 54 digital
measure the depth of presence of solid sewage by placing it I/O pins. 15 of them can be used as PWM outputs, 16 analog
inside the manhole before entering inside. inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal
oscillator is used to provide the clock, a USB connection, a
II LITERATURE SURVEY power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. The board
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller.
The work in reference [1] describes how to monitor the The power supply can be given by connecting it to a
gases like CO, Hydrogen and LPG gases in sewage systems. computer with a USB cable or can also be powered with a
The data is sampled by the Arduino based sensors and sent to AC-to-DC adapter or battery.
workers using a GSM. Report [2] focusses on detecting gases
like CO2, H2 and propane/Butane and alerting by using a
notification system using GSM and some LCD display. Reports
in [3] shows a system which detects hazardous parameters like
CO2, humidity, temperature and transmitted using Zigbee.
Using Zigbee makes the system more efficient than using a
Bluetooth by increasing the range of data transmission. Work
referenced in [4] presents how to monitor toxic
environmentalconditions like humidity and temperature. Data is
collected transmitted from sensor to mobile using Bluetooth.

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 Fig 1. Arduino Mega 2560 Board
2. Sensors
Fig 2. Block Diagram of the proposed system
The proposed system uses gas sensors like Carbon Monoxide
Sensor (MQ7), Methane sensor (MQ4) and Hydrogen sulfide
sensor (MQ136)which are quite sensitive to this sewage gases.
There is also an Ultrasonic distance sensor (HC- SR04) placed
on support to measure the depth of presence of this solid sewage
in manholes.

3. GSM and LCD Display

GSM module is used to send the SMS when the gas sensors
detects the presence of gases more than the set threshold. The
function of the LCD is to display the values to the workers who
are using it.

Software used

Arduino IDE

Embedded ‘C’ is the predominantly used to code for

interfacing all sensors and modules to Arduino board. The
Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tool is to
debug the developed code. The Arduino community calls a
program as sketch.

The Arduino IDE lets you to write sketches that provide

instructions telling the Arduino board what to do and when to
do. Fig 3. Design Flow chart of the proposed system

IV EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The working starts from the sensor unit. This sensors Flow chart in Fig. 3 is the algorithm of the code. Initially
when placed in sewage gas prone areas, monitors the level of when the system is powered, Gas sensors monitor the gases in
individual gases present and send this data to the Arduino Mega. air and send the values to the Arduino Mega. The Arduino
The sampled data is viewed on the LCD Display and also on the then display this values on LCD and also compare them with
serial monitor of Arduino IDE. When the presence of sewage the threshold set. When the content of gases is more than set
gas levels are more than that of the set threshold the system threshold an SMS alert is sent to registered number as
sends an alert message to the mobile. “Hazardous Gas Present”. The circuit in the Fig 4 portrays the
connections of the gas sensors, GSM module and Ultrasonic
This system also offers a depth measurement option. The depth sensor with the Arduino Mega. The power supply to the
can be seen on the serial monitor when placed inside a manhole. circuit is given from an external battery source of 12 VDC.
The Block Diagram and Flow chart are shown in the following The LCD display uses an I2C configuration in order to send
Fig 2 and Fig 3 respectively. the serial data which is obtained from the sensors to be
displayed. The output from the sensors is analog hence we
used Analog pins of the Arduino to read the data. Ultrasonic
sensor has 2 pins Echo and Trig both of which are digital
hence used the digital pins of the Arduino. GSM module uses
simple serial communication by connecting its Rx, Tx to the

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Tx and Rx of arduino respectively. The power to arduino
mega can be given from USB cable from PC.

Table 2. Values obtained from Experiment

Fig 4. Schematic of proposed system

V RESULTS

Before testing the circuit the gas sensors must be

calibrated by placing them in fresh air for some time. The
system when tested near a drainage gave the following
experimental results. The code worked properly by spitting
out values of gases in ppm from the analog out of arduino and
the SMS has been sent to the set phone number. Distance
measurement from an ultrasonic sensor also worked fine. The
below table show the values of gases present near that
drainage (in PPM) and a screenshot of the message is also
included as Fig 5.

Fig 5. Output of the system

VI CONCLUSION

This system is very efficient in terms of cost and the

extent to which it detects the presence of sewage gases like
Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen sulfide and Methane. Use of
GSM makes the system simple since it requires only a Sim
Card for notifying the people rather than using an IoT system
Table 1. Standard Values of Sewage Gases which instead uses a Wi-Fi connection and Internet access to
do the same task.Arduino Mega whose major advantage of
having more I/O can be interfaced with other sensors also in
order to make this system more useful. Just by making some
changes in the code we can achieve it. LCD display can be
replaced with an OLED display to make the display more
clear and show some animations on the screen.

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 VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Proceedings On International Conference on Frontiers of
Sensors Technologies, 2017
The Project has been funded by The Institutions of
Engineers (India), 8 Gokhale Road, Kolkata7000020 under IEI [12] R. Shete, Sushma Agrawal, “IOT based urban climate
R & D Grant- in-Aid scheme monitoring using Raspberry Pi,” International Conference
on Communication and Signal Processing, 2016.

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