Co-ordinate Geometry

Graph Liner Equation Mirror image and Distance formula Cartesian System
. If one endpoint of the line segment is the origin and the other endpoint is (x, y),
Step 1 : Convert given equation in the To describe the position of point
then the distance between the endpoints is √(x2 + y2).
form y = mx + e. . We may take x-axis or y-axis as the mirror. Then, the image of different points are in a plane. It was discovered by
Step 2 : Select atleast 3 values of x, given below. René Descartes.
such that x,y I.
Point Mirror-image in x-axis Mirror-image in y-axis
Step 3 : Draw table for ordered pair (x,y).
(x,y) (x,-y) (-x,y)
Step 4 : Plot these ordered points on the
graph paper.
(-x,y) (-x,-y) (x,y)
Two perpendicular lines Fixed point
Step 5 : Plot these ordered points on the
graph paper. (-x,-y) (-x,y) (x,-y)
x axis (abscissa) and y axis Point where x axis and y axis
(x,-y) (x,y) -x,-y
(ordinate). intersect O(0,0).
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y y y
5
. The coordinate of the midpoint (xm,yn), between two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is Ordinate
given by
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x1 + x2 , y1 + y2
3 (xm,ym) =
2 2 x’ 0 x x’ 0 x
2 R(2,2) 0
1 0 Q(1,0) Abscissa
x’ x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
P(0,-2) -2
1 2 3 4 5 6 y’ y’
-3
-4 Sign Convention
-5
-6 Plotting point on a plane (x,y)
y’ y=2x-2
(ii)Quadtrant (i)Quadtrant
Step I : Draw co-ordinate axis and select units.
(-,+) (+,+)
Step II : Starting from origin, count units on x
and y axis.
Quadrants Step III : Mark the corresponding points.
(iii)Quadtrant (iv)Quadtrant
Plane divided into 4 parts by (-,-) (+,-)
co-ordinate axes.
y

p (x,y)
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Quadrant Axis Example
4

(I) Quadrant X>0, (1,2) Cordinate System 3

(+,+) y>0. (3,4) . The point of intersection of the axes of coordinates is 2
known as the origin. 1
(II) Quadrant X<0, (-1,2) . The perpendicular distance of a point from the Y-axis
x’ x
(-,+) y>0. (-3,4) is known as abseissa. -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
. The perpendicular distance of a point from the X-axis -2
is known as ordinate.
(III) Quadrant X<0, (-1,-2) . The y-coordinate of every point on x-axis is zero. So, -3
(-,-) y<0. (-3,-4) the coordinates of any point on x-axis are of the form
(x,0). -4
. The x-coordinate of every point on y-axis is zero. So, -5
(IV) Quadrant X>0, (1,-2) the coordinates of any point on y-axis are of the form
(+,-) y<0. (3,-4) (0,y).
y’
Point, p (x,y)