1. [FEC7.27] Express v(t) in figure x in terms of step functions.

Figure x

solution:
𝑣(t) = 10u(t + 1) + 20u(t)– 50u(t– 1) + 30u(t − 2) V

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2. [EC6.18] The voltage across the terminals of a 0.2µF capacitor is:

150𝑉, 𝑡≤0
𝑣={ −5000𝑡
(𝐴1 𝑡𝑒 + 𝐴2 𝑒 −5000𝑡 )𝑉, 𝑡≥0

The initial current in the capacitor is 250 mA. Assume the passive sign
convention.
(a) What is the initial energy stored in the capacitor?
(b) Evaluate the coefficients A1 and A2.
(c) What is the expression for the capacitor current?

solution:
1
(a) 𝑤(0) = 𝐶[𝑣(0)]2 = 2.25𝑚𝐽
2

(b) 𝑣 = (𝐴1 𝑡 + 𝐴2 )𝑒 −5000𝑡 , 𝑣(0) = 𝐴2 = 150𝑉

𝑑𝑣
= −5000𝑒 −5000𝑡 (𝐴1 𝑡 + 𝐴2 ) + 𝑒 −5000𝑡 𝐴1 = (−5000𝐴1 𝑡 − 5000𝐴2 + 𝐴1 )𝑒 −5000𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣(0)
(0) = 𝐴1 − 5000𝐴2, 𝑖=𝐶 , 𝑖(0) = 𝐶
d𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣(0) 𝑖(0)
= = 1.25 × 106 = 𝐴1 − 5000(150), 𝐴1 = 2 × 106 𝑉/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝐶

(c) 𝑣 = (2 × 106 𝑡 + 150)𝑒 −5000𝑡 𝑉

𝑑𝑣
𝑖=𝐶 = (0.25 − 2000𝑡)𝑒 −5000𝑡 𝐴
𝑑𝑡

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

3.[FEC6.49] (a) Find the equivalent inductance of the circuit in figure 4. Assume all
inductors are 10 mH.

Figure 4

(b) Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the circuit in figure 5.

Figure 5
solution:
(a)

30||5 =4.286, 𝐿𝑒𝑞 = 30||4.286 = 3.75𝑚𝐻

(b) Combining the capacitors in parallel, we obtain the equivalent circuit shown below:

1 1 1 1 1
= + + = , 𝐶𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐶𝑒𝑞 + 40 = 50µ𝐹
𝐶𝑒𝑞 10+35+15 20 10+5+15 10

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

4.
(a)Show that the two magnetically coupled coils in figure 4 can be replaced by a
single coil having an inductance of
𝐿1 𝐿2 − 𝑀2
𝐿𝑎𝑏 =
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 − 2𝑀
(Hint: Let i1 and i2 be clockwise mesh currents inthe left and right "windows" of
figure 4, respectively. Sum the voltages around the two meshes. In mesh 1 let vab
be the unspecified applied voltage. Solve for di1/dt as a function of vab.)
(b) Show that if the magnetic polarity of coil 2 is reversed, then
𝐿1 𝐿2 − 𝑀2
𝐿𝑎𝑏 =
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 + 2𝑀

Figure 4

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 Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

5. [EC6.39] There's no energy stored in the circuit shown in figure 1 at the time
when the switch is closed.
(a) Derive the differential equation that governs the behavior of i2 if L1 = 4H, L2 =
16H, M = 2H, and R0 = 32Ω.
(b) Show that when ig = 8 - 8e-t A, t ≥ 0, the differential equation derived in (a) is
satisfied when i2 = e-t - e-2t A, t ≥ 0.
(c) Find the expression for the voltage v1 across the current source.
(d) What is the initial value of v1? Does this make sense in terms of known circuit
behavior?

Figure 1

solution:
dig di2 di2 dig
(a) −2 + 16 + 32i2 = 0, 16 + 32i2 = 2
dt dt dt dt
di2 dig
(b) i2 = e−t − e −2t
A, = −e−t + 2e−2t , ig = 8 − 8e−t A, = 8e−t
dt dt
−16e−t + 32e−2t + 32e−t − 32e−2t = 16e−t

dig di2
(c) v1 = 4 −2 = 34e−t − 4e−2t V, t > 0
dt dt
dig di
(d) v1 (0) = 34 − 4 = 30V Also v1 (0) = 4 (0) − 2 2 (0) = 4(8) − 2(−1 + 2) = 30V
dt dt
Yes, the initial value of v1 is consistent with known circuit behavior.

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

6. [EC6.35] At t = 0, a series-connected capacitor and inductor are placed across

the terminals of a black box, as shown in figure 2. For t > 0, it is known that:
i0 = 1.5e−16000t − 0.5e−4000t A
If vc(0) = -50V, find v0 for t ≥ 0.

Figure 2

solution:
1 t t
Vc = − (∫0 1.5 e−16000tdx − ∫0 0.5 e−4000t) − 50 = 150e−16000t − 200e−4000t V
0.625×10−6
di0
VL = 25 × 10−3 = 25 × 10−3 (−24000e−16000t + 2000e−4000t ) = −600e−16000t + 50e−4000t V
dt

𝑉0 = 𝑉𝑐 − 𝑉𝐿 = 750𝑒 −16000𝑡 − 250𝑒 −4000𝑡 𝑉, 𝑡 > 0

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

7.[FEC 7.7] Assuming that the switch in figure x has been in position A for a long
time and is moved to position B at t = 0, find v0(t) for t ≥ 0.

Figure x

solution:
When at position A, 𝑣0 (0) = 8𝑉
When at position B, 𝑣0 (∞) = 6𝑉, 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 20𝑘||20𝑘 = 10𝑘𝛺, τ = 𝑅𝑡ℎ 𝐶 = 20𝑠
So 𝑣0 (t) = 𝑣0 (∞) + [𝑣0 (0) − 𝑣0 (∞)]𝑒 −𝑡/τ = 6 + 2𝑒 −𝑡/20 𝑉

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

8.The switch in figure x has been in position A for a long time. At t = 0, the switch
moves from position A to B. The switch is a make-before-break type so that
there is no interruption in the inductor current. Find:
(a) i(t) for t < 0,
(b) v just after the switch has been moved to position B,
(c) v(t) long after the switch is in position B.

Figure x

solution:
(a)When the switch is in position A, i = −20A = i(0)
40 L
When the switch is in position B, i (∞) = = 10, τ = = 0.125
4 R
i (t) = i (∞) + [i (0) − i (∞)]𝑒 −𝑡/τ = 10 − 30𝑒 −8𝑡 𝐴
(b) −40 + 4𝑖(0) + 𝑣 = 0, 𝑣 = 120𝑉
(c)At steady state, the inductor becomes a short circuit so that v = 0.

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

9. [FEC7.55] Find v(t) for t < 0 and t ≥ 0 in the circuit of figure x.

Figure x

solution:

For t < 0, consider (a):

3𝑖0 + 24 − 4𝑖0 = 0, 𝑖0 = 24
𝑣
𝑣(𝑡) = 4𝑖0 = 96𝑉, 𝑖 = = 48𝐴
2
For t ≥ 0, consider (b):
𝑖(𝑡) = 𝑖(∞) + [𝑖(0) − 𝑖(∞)]𝑒 −𝑡/τ , 𝑖(0)=48, 𝑖(∞) = 0
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 2𝛺, τ = L/𝑅𝑡ℎ = 0.25
𝑖(𝑡) = 48𝑒 −4𝑡 , 𝑣(𝑡) = 2𝑖(𝑡) = 96𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)𝑉 (if no u(t), specify t ≥ 0 is enough

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

10. [EC7.70] In the circuit in figure 7, switch A has been open and switch B has
been closed for a long time. At t = 0, switch A closes. Five seconds after switch A
closes, switch B opens. Find iL(t) for t ≥ 0.

Figure 7

solution:
t < 0:

10
𝑣𝐿 (0− ) = = 2𝐴 = 𝑣𝐿 (0+ )
5
0 ≤ t < 5:

5
τ = = ∞, 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) = 2𝑒 −𝑡/∞ = 2𝐴 0 ≤ 𝑡 < 5𝑠
0

5 ≤ t:

5
τ = = 5𝑠, 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) = 2𝑒 −0.2(𝑡−5) 𝐴 5≤𝑡
1

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

11.[EC7.85] The switch in the circuit in figure x has been closed for a long time. The
maximum voltage rating of the 1.6 µF capacitor is 14.4 kV. How long after the switch is
opened does the voltage across the capacitor reach the maximum voltage rating?

Figure x

solution:

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 Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

12.[EC7.95] At the time the double-pole switch in the circuit shown in figure 6 is
closed, the initial voltages on the capacitors are 12 V and 4 V, as shown. Find the
numerical expressions for v0(t), v2(t), and vf(t) that are applicable as long as the
ideal op amp operates in its linear range.

Figure 6

solution:
1 𝑡
The equation for an integrating amplifier: 𝑣0 = ∫0 (𝑣𝑏 − 𝑣𝑎 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣0 (0).
𝑅𝐶
Find the values and substitute them into the equation: RC = (100 × 103 )(0.05 × 10−6 ) = 5ms
1
= 200; 𝑣𝑏 − 𝑣𝑎 = −15 − (−7) = −8V; 𝑣0 (0) = −4 + 12 = 8𝑉
𝑅𝐶
𝑡
𝑣0 = 200 ∫0 −8 𝑑𝑥 + 8 = (−1600𝑡 + 8)𝑉, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑡

RC circuit analysis for v2: 𝑣2 (0 +) = −4V; 𝑣2 (∞) = −15V; τ = RC = (100 k)(0.05 µ) = 5ms
𝑣2 = 𝑣2 (∞) + [𝑣2 (0+ ) − 𝑣2 (∞)]𝑒 −t/𝑅𝐶 = −15 + (−4 + 15)𝑒 −200𝑡 = −15 + 11𝑒 −200𝑡 𝑉, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑣𝑓 + 𝑣2 = 𝑣0
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣0 − 𝑣2 = 23 − 1600𝑡 − 11𝑒 −200𝑡 𝑉, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑡
Note that −1600𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑡 + 8 = −20, 𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 17.5𝑚𝑠

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Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

13. [FEC7.75] In the circuit of figure x, find v0 and i0 given that vs = 4u(t) V and v(0)
= 1 V.

figure x

solution:

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14
Electric Circuits, Fall 2017 HW4 Due: Nov. 1, 2017 Wednesday (In Class)

14.[FEC7.91] The circuit in figure x is used by a biology student to study “frog

kick.” She noticed that the frog kicked a little when the switch was closed but
kicked violently for 5 s when the switch was opened. Model the frog as a resistor
and calculate its resistance. Assume that it takes 10 mA for the frog to kick
violently.

Figure x

solution:
𝑖0 (0) = 12/50 = 240𝑚𝐴, 𝑖(∞) = 0
𝑡
2
𝑖(𝑡) = 𝑖(∞) + [𝑖(0) − 𝑖(∞)]𝑒 −τ , τ=
𝑅
𝑅𝑡 𝑅𝑡0
𝑖(𝑡) = 240𝑒 − 2 , 𝑖(𝑡0 ) = 240𝑒 −2 = 10
From 𝑡0 = 5𝑠, R = 1.271

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