1. (a) (i) P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) = 0.

7 A1

(ii) P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B) (M1)

= P(A) + P(B) – P(A)P(B) (M1)
= 0.3 + 0.4 – 0.12 = 0.58 A1

(b) P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)

= 0.3 + 0.4 – 0.6 = 0.1 A1
P( A  B )
P(A│B) = (M1)
P( B )
0 .1
= = 0.25 A1
0 .4
[7]

2. (a)

A1A1
Note: Award A1 for a diagram with two intersecting regions and at
least the value of the intersection.

9
(b) A1
20

9  3
(c) =  A1
12  4 
[4]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 1

3. (a) P(X < 30) = 0.4
P(X < 55) = 0.9
or relevant sketch (M1)
X −
given Z =

30 − 
P(Z < z) = 0.4  = –0.253... (A1)

55 − 
P(Z < z) = 0.9  = 1.28... (A1)

μ = 30 + (0.253...) × σ = 55 – (1.28...) × σ M1
σ = 16.3, μ = 34.1 A1
Note: Accept 16 and 34.
Note: Working with 830 and 855 will only gain the two M marks.

(b) X ~ N(34.12..., 16.28...2)

late to school  X > 60
P(X > 60) = 0.056... (A1)
number of students late = 0.0560... × 1200 (M1)
= 67 (to nearest integer) A1
Note: Accept 62 for use of 34 and 16.

P( X  60)
(c) P(X > 60 | X > 30) = M1
P( X  30)
= 0.0935 (accept anything between 0.093 and 0.094)A1
Note: If 34 and 16 are used 0.0870 is obtained. This should be accepted.

(d) let L be the random variable of the number of students who

leave school in a 30 minute interval
since 24 × 30 = 720 A1
L ~ Po(720)
P(L ≥ 700) = 1 – P(L ≤ 699) (M1)
= 0.777 A1
Note: Award M1A0 for P (L > 700) = 1 – P(L ≤ 700) (this leads to 0.765).

(e) (i) Y ~ B(200, 0.7767…) (M1)

E(Y) = 200 × 0.7767… = 155 A1
Note: On FT, use of 0.765 will lead to 153.

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 2

 (ii) P(Y > 150) = 1 – P(Y ≤ 150) (M1)
= 0.797 A1
Note: Accept 0.799 from using rounded answer.
Note: On FT, use of 0.765 will lead to 0.666.
[17]

1 1
 ae
− ax
4. (a) dx = 1 − M1A1
0 2
− e  −ax 1
0 = 1−
1
M1A1
2
1
–e–a + 1 = 1 – A1
2

Note: Accept e0 instead of 1.

1
e–a =
2
a
e = 2
1
 − 
1
a = ln 22  accept − a = ln 2 2  A1
 
 
1
a= ln 2 AG
2

M 1
(b) 
0
ae − ax dx =
2
M1A1

− e  1
− ax M
2
0 =
1
–e–Ma + 1 =
2
1
e–Ma = A1
2
Ma = ln 2
ln 2
M= =2 A1
a

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 3

 3
(c) P(1 < X < 3) = 
1
ae − ax dx M1A1
= –e–3a + e–a A1
P(1  X  3)
P(X < 3|X > 1) = M1A1
P( X  1)
− e −3a + e − a
= A1
1 − P( X  1)
− e −3a + e − a
= A1
1
2
= 2 (–e–3a + e–a)
 −3 − 
1
= 2 − 2 2 + 2 2  A1
 
 
1
= A1
2
1
Note: Award full marks for P (X < 3│X > 1) = P (X < 2) = or quoting
2
properties of exponential distribution.
[20]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 4

5.

(A1)
11 3
P ( R   L) =  A1
20 20
9 7 11 3
P(L) =  +  A1
20 20 20 20
P( R   L)
P(R′|L) = (M1)
P( L)
33  11 
= =  A1
96  32 
[5]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 5

6. (a)

using the law of total probabilities: (M1)

0.1p + 0.3(1 – p) = 0.22 A1
0.1p + 0.3 – 0.3p = 0.22
0.2p = 0.08
0.08
p= = 0.4
0. 2
p = 40% (accept 0.4) A1

0.4  0.1
(b) required probability = M1
0.22
2
= (0.182) A1
11
[5]

P(M  G )
7. P M│G = (M1)
P(G )
0.2  0.9
= M1A1A1
0.2  0.9 + 0.8  0.7
0.18
=
0.74
9
= A1
37
[5]

8. the waiting time, X ~ N (18, 42)

(a) P(X > 25) = 0.0401 (M1)A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 6

 (b) P X < 20│X > 15
P(15  X  20)
= (A1)
P( X  15)
Note: Only one of the above A1 marks can be implied.
0.4648...
= = 0.601 (M1)A1
0.7733...
[6]

9. EITHER
P( A  B )
Using P(A | B) = (M1)
P (B )
0.6P(B) = P(A  B) A1
Using P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A  B) to obtain
0.8 = 0.6 + P(B) − P(A  B) A1
Substituting 0.6P(B) = P(A  B) into above equation M1

OR
As P(A | B) = P(A) then A and B are independent events M1R1
Using P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A)  P(B) A1
to obtain 0.8 = 0.6 + P(B) − 0.6  P(B) A1

THEN
0.8 = 0.6 + 0.4P(B) A1
P(B) = 0.5 A1 N1
[6]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 7

10. METHOD 1

(M1)

Let P(I) be the probability of flying IS Air, P(U) be the probability

flying UN Air and P(L) be the probability of luggage lost.
P(I  L )
P(I | L) =
P (L )
 P (L | I ) P (I ) 
 or Bayes' formula , P(I | L ) =  (M1)
 P(L | I ) P (I ) + P(L |U ) P (U ) 

65
0.23 
= 135 A1A1A1
70 65
0.18  + 0.23 
135 135

=
299
(= 0.543 , accept 0.542) A1
551

METHOD 2
Expected number of suitcases lost by UN Air is 0.18  70 = 12.6 M1A1
Expected number of suitcases lost by IS Air is 0.23  65 = 14.95 A1
14.95
P(I | L) = M1A1
12.6 + 14.95
= 0.543 A1
[6]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 8

11. P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B) M1
2 4 5 1
= + − = A1
12 12 12 12

M1A1
7
P( A  B ) 12 7
P(A′/B′) = = = M1A1
P( B ) 8 8
12
[6]

 2  1 
12. (a) P(RR) =    (M1)
 5  4 
1
= A1 N2
10

4 3 2
(b) P(RR) =  = A1
4 + n 3 + n 15
Forming equation 12 × 15 = 2(4 + n) (3 + n) (M1)
12 + 7n + n2 = 90 A1
 n2 + 7n – 78 = 0 A1
n=6 AG N0

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 9

 (c) EITHER
1 2
P(A) = P(B) A1
3 3
P(RR) = P(A  RR) + P(B  RR) (M1)
 1  1   2  2 
=    +   
 3  10   3  15 
11
= A1 N2
90
OR

A1
1 1 2 2
P(RR) =  +  M1
3 10 3 15
11
= A1 N2
90

(d) P(1or 6) = P(A) M1

P( A  RR
P(A│RR) = (M1)
P( RR)
 1  1 
 3  10 
  
= M1
11
90
3
= A1 N2
11
[13]

13. (a) P(3 ≤ X ≤ 5) = P(X ≤ 5) – P(X ≤ 2) (M1)

= 0.547 A1 N2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 10

 (b) P(X ≥ 3) = 1 – P(X ≤ 2) (M1)
= 0.762 A1 N2

P(3  X  5)  0.547 
(c) P(3 ≤ X ≤5│X ≥ 3) = =  (M1)
P( X  3)  0.762 
= 0.718 A1 N2
[6]

 4
14. recognition of X ~ B  6,  (M1)
 7
 6  4   3   
3 3
4 3  33
P(X = 3) =       = 20  
 A1
 3  7   7   76 
 6  4   3   4 3 
2 4 2 4
P(X = 2) =       = 15  
 A1
 
2  7   7   7 6

P( X = 3) 80  16 
= =  A1
P( X = 2) 45  9 
[4]

15. (a) number of patients in 30 minute period = X

X ~ Po(3) (A1)
P(X = 0) = 0.0498 (M1)A1

(b) number of patients in working period = Y

Y ~ Po(12) (A1)
P (X < 10) = P (X ≤ 9) = 0.242 (M1)A1

(c) number of working period with less than 10 patients = W

W ~ B(6, 0.2424...) (M1)(A1)
P(W ≤ 3) = 0.966 (M1)A1
Note: Accept exact answers in parts (a) to (c).

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 11

 (d) number of patients in t minute interval = X
X ~ Po(T)
P(X ≥ 2) = 0.95
P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) = 0.05 (M1)(A1)
e–T(1 + T) = 0.05 (M1)
T = 4.74 (A1)
t = 47.4 minutes A1
[15]

16. (a) X ~ N(998, 2.52) M1

P(X > 1000) = 0.212 AG

(b) X ~ B(5, 0.2119...)

evidence of binomial (M1)
 5
P(X = 3) =   (0.2119...)3 (0.7881...)2 = 0.0591 (accept 0.0592) (M1)A1
 3

(c) P(X ≥ 1) = 1 – P(X = 0) (M1)

1 – (0.7881...)n > 0.99
(0.7881...)n < 0.01 A1
Note: Award A1 for line 2 or line 3 or equivalent.
n > 19.3 (A1)
minimum number of bottles required is 20 A1N2

996 − 
(d) = –1.1998 (accept –1.2) M1A1

1000 − 
= 0.3999 (accept 0.4) M1A1

μ = 999 (ml), σ = 2.50 (ml) A1A1

e −m m 2 e −m m 3 e −m m 4
(e) (i) = + M1A1
2! 3! 4!
2 3 4
m m m
= +
2 6 24
12m – 4m – m4 = 0
2 3
(A1)
m = –6, 0, 2
 m=2 A1N2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 12

 (ii) P(X > 2) = 1 – P(X ≤ 2) (M1)
= 1 – P(X = 0) – P(X = 1) – P(X = 2)
2 2 e −2
= 1 – e–2 – 2e–2 −
2!
= 0.323 A1
[20]

17. (a) X ~ B(n, 0.4) (A1)

n
Using P(X = x) =   (0.4 ) (0.6 )
x n− x
(M1)
r 
 n  n (n − 1)
P(X = 2) =   (0.4)2 (0.6)n −2  = (0.4)2 (0.6)n−2  A1 N3
r  2 

(b) P(X = 2) = 0.121 A1

Using an appropriate method (including trial and error) to solve
their equation. (M1)
n = 10 A1 N2
Note: Do not award the last A1 if any other solution is given
in their final answer.
[6]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 13

18. Let X denote the number of imperfect glasses in the sample (M1)
For recognising binomial or proportion or Poisson A1
(X ~ B(200, p) where p-value is the probability of a glass being
imperfect)
Let H0: p-value = 0.02 and H1: p-value > 0.02 A1A1
EITHER
p-value = 0.0493 A2
Using the binomial distribution p-value = 0.0493 > 0.01 we accept H0 R1
OR
p-value = 0.0511 A2
Using the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution since
p-value = 0.0511 > 0.01 we accept H0 R1
OR
p-value = 0.0217 A2
Using the one proportion z-test since
p-value = 0.0217 > 0.01 we accept H0 R1
Note: Use of critical values is acceptable.
[7]

P(X = 2) =
 n  n (n − 1)
  (0.4)2 (0.6)n −2  = (0.4)2 (0.6)n−2 
r  2 

19. (a)X ~ N(231,

2
1.5 )
P(X < 228) = 0.0228 (M1)A1
Note: Accept 0.0227.

(b) (i) X ~ N(μ, 1.52)

P(X < 228) = 0.002
228 − 
= – 2.878... M1A1
1.5
μ = 232 grams A1 N3

(ii) X ~ N(231, σ2)

228 − 231
= –2.878... M1A1

σ = 1.04 grams A1 N3

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 14

 (c) X ~ B(100, 0.002) (M1)
P(X ≤ 1) = 0.982... (A1)
P(X ≤ 2) = 1 – P(X ≤ 1) = 0.0174 A1
[11]

20. (a) P(x < 1.4) = 0.691 (accept 0.692) A1

(b) METHOD 1
Y ~ B(6, 0.3085...) (M1)
P(Y ≥ 4) = 1 – P(Y ≤ 3) (M1)
= 0.0775 (accept 0.0778 if 3 s.f. approximation from (a) used) A1

METHOD 2
X ~ B(6, 0.6914...) (M1)
P(X ≤ 2) (M1)
= 0.0775 (accept 0.0778 if 3 s.f. approximation from (a) used) A1

P( x  1)
(c) P(x < 1 | x < 1.4) = M1
P( x  1.4)
0.06680...
=
0.6914...
= 0.0966 (accept 0.0967) A1
[6]

21. weight of glass = X

X ~ N(160, σ2)
P(X < 160 + 14) = P(X < 174) = 0.75 (M1)(A1)
Note: P(X < 160 – 14) = P(X < 146) = 0.25 can also be used.
 14 
P  Z   = 0.75 (M1)
  
14
= 0.6745... (M1)(A1)

σ = 20.8 A1
[6]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 15

  21 − 15 
22. (a) required to solve P  Z   = 0.8 (M1)
  
6
= 0.842... (or equivalent) (M1)

 σ = 7.13 (days) A1 N1

(b) P (survival after 21 days) = 0.337 (M1)A1

[5]

23. X ~ N(μ, σ2)

5−
P(X ≤ 5) = 0.670  = 0.4399... M1A1

7−
P(X > 7) = 0.124  = 1.155... A1

solve simultaneously
μ + 0.4399σ = 5 and μ + 1.1552σ = 7 M1
μ = 3.77 (3 sf) A1 N3
the expected weight loss is 3.77 kg
Note: Award A0 for μ = 3.78 (answer obtained due to early rounding).
[5]

24. (a) H ~ N(166.5, 52)

P(H ≥ 170) = 0.242... (M1)(A1)
0.242... × 63 = 15.2 A1
so, approximately 15 students

(b) correct mean: 161.5 (cm) A1

variance remains the same, i.e. 25 (cm2) A2
[6]

25. (a) P(X  84) = P(Z  −1.62...) = 0.0524 (M1)A1 N2

Note: Accept 0.0526.

(b) P(Z  z) = 0.01  z = − 2.326... (M1)

P(X  x) = P(Z  z) = 0.01  z = −2.326...
x = 81.4 (accept 81) A1 N2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 16

 (c) P(X  84) = 0.12  z = −1.1749... (M1)
mean is 88.3 (accept 88) A1 N2
[6]

26. P(X > 90) = 0.15 and P(X < 40) = 0.12 (M1)
Finding standardized values 1.036, –1.175 A1A1
90 −  40 − 
Setting up the equations 1.036 = ,−1.175 = (M1)
 
μ = 66.6, σ = 22.6 A1A1 N2N2
[6]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 17