Reading Writing 1

Reading and Writing Skills DESCRIPTION
Lesson 1 -describes
Patterns of written text and Development -simple
Two types: -specific things
1. Linear texts - uses words, letters, and magazines DEFINITION
2. Non linear texts – words + mumbers, figures and
-describe density
symbols
- broad perspectives
pattern of development in writing across disciplines
-make use of other words not just one
guide for writers and readers in a way they view the
relationship of ideas presented in a text. Word
Common Patterns
Comparison and Contrast.
Narration
-tells a story Compare-looking for similarities
-it relates to an incident or a series of events that leads to
a conclusion or an ending.
Contrast-look For differences
Description
Comparison-to compare persons, things, places, and
- gives information of what a person, an object, a place, events
or a situation is like. It appeals to the reade senses; it
makes the reader see, hear, taste, smell.
Exemplification and Classification Narrative Paragraphs
- one of the most common ways that is effective to show -transition words
or
-Uses action verbs
Explain.
Description- giving specific characteristics

Exemplification- You can begin by classifying some
ideas and then explain each idea by giving examples.
Definition – clarity and explain concepts
- main to specific
giving illustrations and examples
Classification
- refers to sorting or arranging subjects into groups or
Categories according to their common or shared Compare – Similarities
characteristic.
- The subject can be grouped in different ways depending
on your purpose. Contrast – differences
- You group things and generate a bigger picture Specific

to main Exemplification
-specific to main - explain
-giving examples
Persuasion
-convince, influence such as advertisement. Classification - Specific to general
Cause and Effect Parts of Paragraph
Causes - Reason, why something happens – Introduction
Effect - Result, what happens the first section of a paragraph; it should include the topic
sentence and any other reritences at the beginning of the
paragraph that give back ground information or provide a
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION transition.
-unsastifactory issue that exist Body
-resolves or answers the issue. Follows the introduction; discusses the controlling idea
using Facts, arguments, analysis examples, or other
information.
Conclusion
Properties of a well written text The Final rection, summarizes the connections between
A paragraph is a series of sentences that are the information discussed in the body of the paragraphs
organized coherent, and are all related to a single topic. and the paragraph's controlling idea.
For a paragraph, or for any composition, to be effective it
must always consider the Properties of a well-written
rext. These properties are Organization, Coherence and
Cohesion, unity, Language use, and Mechanics.
the first line of a paragraph is usually indented this
indentation of a paragraph indicates where the paragraph
begins. Remember that you must capitalize the first word
in each sentence and end each ventence with a
punctuation mark, most often a period (·).
3.Spatial Order
Qualities of a Paragraph Above, below, beside, next to, in front of, behind, inst
outside, opposite within, nearby
Organization
also known as arrangement, is achieved when ideas are
logical and accurately arranged with Focus on the 4· Definition Order
arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a
is, refers to, can be defined as, means, consists of
definite. in a paragraph, essay, or speech. It can be done
inceley is a term that, called
with a recognizable plan that can defines one sentence
connection to the to the other paragraph.
5· Classification
Check the following paragraph arrangements and the Classified as comprises, is composed of, several
words which are useful in varieties -different stages of different groups that
securing in each of them:
6: Process
1. Chronological Order First, next, then, Following, after that, last, Finally
as soon as acti
First, second, later, before, next, then, Finally, 7. Cause & Effect
meanwhile, Following, last, during on, until.
8. Listing
2. Order of importance
-several example
less, more, primary, next, last most important, primary,
9. clarification
secondarily
-Main fact and other world of clarity
Cohesion
10. Summary -is also a very important aspect of academic writing
because it immediately affects the tone of your writing
In summary, conclusion.
does not mean just "grammatically correct" sentences;
-cohesive writing refers to the Paragraph connection of
11. Example your ideas both at the sentence level and the level.
-For influence -Cohesion is important because it allows writers to make

multiple references to people, things,
-To illustrate
-and events without reintroducing then at each turn. If we
had to repeat every time,
12.Addition -we wanted to refer to them the text would be very
Furthermore, Addtionally, etc.. tedious to read. Check these examples.
Coherent but not cohesive

"My favorite color is blue. I'm calm and relaxed. In the
Coherence Summer I lie on the grass and look up ۱۱
-refers to the overall sense of unity in a passage,

-including I main point of sentences and the main point of Cohesive but not coherent -
each paragraph. My favorite color is blue. Bine sports car go very fast.
-A coherent passage Focuses the reader's attention on Driving in this way is dangerous and can cause many car
the main ideas and the specific people, crashes. I had a car accident once and broke my leg. I
was very sad because I hat to miss a holiday in Europe
-things, and events you are writing about. because of the injury.
Coherent and Cohesive
"My favorite color is blue. I like it because it is calming
and it relaxes me. I often go outside in the summer and
lie on the grass and look into the clear sky when I am
stressed. For this reason, I'd have to say my Favorite
color is the."

Reading Writing 1

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Reading and Writing Skills DESCRIPTION

Description- giving specific characteristics

- You group things and generate a bigger picture Specific

-unsastifactory issue that exist Body

-For influence -Cohesion is important because it allows writers to make

Coherent but not cohesive

Coherence Summer I lie on the grass and look up ۱۱

-refers to the overall sense of unity in a passage,

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