PCS-931 Line Current Differential ProtectionData Sheet

Overview 1
Features 2
Functions 3
Function Arrangement 5
Protection Functions 7
Communication 24
Hardware 26
Technical Data 31
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01
Overview
Overview
PCS-931 is a digital line differential protection with the thermal overload protection, and dead zone protection
main and back-up protection functions, which is designed etc. Moreover, a back up overcurrent and earth fault
for overhead line or cables and hybrid transmission lines protection will be automatically enabled when VT
of various voltage levels. circuit fails. In addition, stub overcurrent protection is
provided for one and a half breakers arrangement when
Main protection of PCS-931 comprises current transmission line is put into maintenance.
differential protection which can clear any internal fault
instantaneously for the whole line. DPFC distance PCS-931 has selectable mode of single-phase tripping
protection can perform extremely high speed operation or three-phase tripping and configurable auto-reclosing
for close-up faults. There is direct transfer trip (DTT) mode for 1-pole, 3-poles and 1/3-pole operation.
feature incorporated in the relay.
PCS-931 with appropriate selection of integrated
PCS-931 also includes distance protection (3 forward protection functions can be applied for various voltage
zones, 1 reverse zone and 1 settable forward or levels and primary equipment such as cables, overhead
reverse zone distance protection with selectable mho or lines, interconnectors and transformer feeder, etc. It
quadrilateral characteristic), 4 stages directional earth also supports configurable binary inputs, binary outputs,
fault protection, 4 stages directional phase overcurrent LEDs and IEC 61850 protocol.
protection, 2 stages voltage protection (under/over
voltage protection), broken conductor protection, pole
discrepancy protection, breaker failure protection,
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02
Features
Features
• The intelligent device integrated with protection, • The unique DPFC distance element integrated in
control and monitor provides powerful protection the protective device provides extremely high speed
function, flexible protection configuration, user operation and insensitive to power swing.
programmable logic and configurable binary input
and binary output, which can meet with various • Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects
application requirements. deviation of power frequency component improves
the protection sensitivity and stability under the
• High-performance hardware platform and condition of load fluctuation and system disturbance.
modularized design, MCU (management control
unit). DSP (digital signal processor). MCU manages • Advanced and reliable ‘power swing blocking
general fault detector element and DSP manages releasing′ feature which ensure distance protection
protection and metering. Their data acquisition operate correctly for internal fault during power
system is completely independent in electronic swing and prevent distance protection from
circuit. DC power supply of output relay is controlled maloperation during power swing
by the operation of fault detector element operates,
this prevents maloperation due to error from ADC or • Flexible automatic reclosure supports various
damage of any apparatus. initiation modes and check modes
• Fast fault clearance for faults within the protected • Multiple setting groups with password protection and
line, the operating time is less than 10 ms for close- setting value saved permanently before modification
up faults, less than 15ms for faults in the middle
portion of protected line and less than 25ms for • Powerful PC tool software can fulfill protection
remote end faults. function configuration, modify setting and waveform
analysis.
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03
Functions
Functions
Protection Function • Thermal overload protection
• Current differential protection (87) • Stub overcurrent protection

Deviation of Power Frequency Component (DPFC)
current differential element • Dead zone protection
Steady-state current differential element
Neutral current differential element • Pole discrepancy protection
• Distance protection • Broken conductor protection

Three zones forward phase-to-ground distance
elements (mho or quadrilateral characteristic) • Switch onto fault (SOTF)
One zone reverse phase-to-ground distance Via distance measurement elements
element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic) Via dedicated earth fault element
One zone settable forward or reverse phase-to-
ground distance element (mho or quadrilateral • Backup protection when VT circuit failure
characteristic) Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
Three zones forward phase-to-phase distance Earth fault protection when VT circuit failure
elements (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
One zone reverse phase-to-phase distance element • Voltage protection
(mho or quadrilateral characteristic) Two stages over voltage protection
One zone settable forward or reverse phase-to- Two stages under voltage protection
phase distance element (mho or quadrilateral
characteristic) • Frequency protection
Blinder for mho characteristic distance element Four stages overfrequency protection
Power swing blocking releasing, selectable for each Four stages underfrequency protection
of above mentioned zones df/dt block criterion for underfrequency protection
• DPFC distance protection • Control function

Synchro-checking
• Current protection Automatic reclosure (single shot or multi-shot (max.
Four stages phase overcurrent protection, 4) for 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR)
selectable time characteristic (definite-time or
inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, • Communication scheme of current differential
reverse direction or non-directional) protection
Four stages directional earth fault protection, Direct optical link
selectable time characteristic (definite-time or Connection to a communication network, support
inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, G.703 and C37.94 protocol
reverse direction or non-directional) Dual-channels redundancy
• Breaker failure protection

Optional instantaneously re-tripping
One stage with two delay timers
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NR Electric Co., Ltd.
Functions
Measurement and control function Monitoring
• Remote control (open and closing) • Number of circuit breaker operation (single-phase
tripping, three-phase tripping and reclosing)
• Synchronism check for remote and manual closing • Channel status
(only for one circuit breaker) • Frequency
• Energy metering (active and reactive energy are Communication

calculated in import respectively export direction)
• 2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC
60870-5-103 protocol
Logic
• 1 RS-485 communication rear ports for clock
• User programmable logic synchronization
• Up to 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type

Additional function of MON plug-in module) conform to IEC 61850
protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103
• Fault location protocol over TCP/IP
• Fault phase selection
• Parallel line compensation for fault location • Up to 2 Ethernet ports via optic fiber (ST interface
• VT circuit supervision or SC interface, depend on the chosen type of MON
• CT circuit supervision plug-in module) conform to IEC 61850 protocol,
• Self diagnostic DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over
• DC power supply supervision TCP/IP
• Event Recorder including 1024 disturbance records, • GOOSE communication function (optional NET-DSP
1024 binary events, 1024 supervision events, 256 plug-in module)
control logs and 1024 device logs.
• Disturbance recorder including 64 disturbance User Interface

records with waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international • Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button
COMTRADE file.) keypad on the front panel.
• Clock synchronization • 1 front multiplex RJ45 port for testing and setting
- PPS(RS-485) • 1 RS-232 or RS-485 rear ports for printer
- IRIG-B(RS-485) • Language switchover: English+ selected language
- PPM(DIN) • Auxiliary software: PCS-Explorer
- SNTP(PTP)
- SNTP(BC)
- PPS(DIN)

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04
Function
Arrangement
Function Arrangement
BUS
52
81
87 21D 21 67G 67P 51GVT 51PVT 50BF 49 46BC 62PD FR
59
50G 50P
FL
Data Transmitt/Receive
51G 51P 27
50DZ 50STB (Only for one and a half breakers arrangement)
SOTF 25 79
LINE
Figure 1 Functional diagram
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Function arrangement
ANSI Function
87 Current differential protection
21D DPFC distance protection
21 Distance protection
67G Earth fault protection
50G Definite-time earth-fault protection
51G Inverse-time earth-fault protection
67P Phase overcurrent protection
50P Definite-time phase overcurrent protection
51P Inverse-time phase overcurrent protection
59 Over voltage protection
27 Under voltage protection
81 Frequency protection
46BC Broken conductor protection
50BF Breaker failure protection
49 Thermal overload protection
50STB Stub overcurrent protection
50DZ Dead zone protection
62PD Pole discrepancy protection
SOTF Switch onto fault
51PVT Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
51GVT Earth fault protection when VT circuit failure
25 Synchronism check
79 Automatic reclosure
FR Fault recorder
FL Fault location

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05
Protection
Functions
Protection Functions
Distance Protection 4. Load encroachment

It is used to prevent all distance elements from undesired
The device comprises 3 forward zones, 1 reverse trip due to load encroachment under heavy load
zone and 1 settable forward or reverse zone. For condition especially for long lines.
each independent distance element zone, full scheme
design provides continuous measurement of impedance
5. Power swing detection (PSD)
separately in three independent phase-to-phase
measuring loops as well as in three independent
phase-to-ground measuring loops. Selection of zone 6. Power swing blocking releasing (PSBR)
characteristic between mho and quadrilateral is available. For power swing with external fault, distance protection
Distance protection includes: is always blocked, but for power swing with internal fault,
PSBR will operate to release the blocking for distance
1. DPFC distance protection protection.
It is independent fast protection providing extremely fast
speed to clear close up fault especially on long line and 7. SOTF distance protection
thus improve system stability. For manual closing or automatic closing on to a fault,
zone 2 or 3 of distance protection will accelerate to trip.
2. Mho phase-to-phase/ground distance protection
Zone1~3: forward direction
Zone 4: reverse direction including origin
Zone5: settable forward or reverse direction
3. Quadrilateral phase-to-phase/ground distance

protection
Zone1~3: forward direction
Zone 4: reverse direction
Zone5: settable forward or reverse direction
Z4
M P N
EM A B C D EN
Z1、DZ
Z2
Z3
Figure 2 Protected reach of distance protection for each zone
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Where: The general rule for zone 2 impedance reach setting is

Z1: forward direction zone 1 set to cover the protected line plus 20% of the adjacent
Z2: forward direction zone 2 line. However, the coverage of adjacent line should be
Z3: forward direction zone 3 extended in the presence of additional infeed at the
Z4: reverse direction zone 4 remote end of the protected line to ensure 20% coverage
DZ: DPFC distance protection of adjacent line. This assures the fast operation of zone
2 distance element for faults at the remote end of the
The choice of impedance reach is as follow. (only for protected line since the fault is well within zone 2 reach.
reference) In a parallel line situation, a fault cleared sequentially on
a line may cause current reversal in the healthy line.
The zone 1 impedance reach setting should be set to
cover as much the protected line as possible but not to The Z3 distance element acts as backup protection for
respond faults beyond the protected line. The accuracy protected line and adjacent line but not to over the zone
of the relay distance elements is +/- 2.5% in general 2 setting of adjacent line. The zone 3 impedance reach
applications, however, the error could be much larger is generally 2 times zone 1 reach, i.e. 160% of protected
due to errors of current transformer, voltage transformer line.
and inaccuracies of line parameter from which the
relay settings are calculated. It is recommended the
zone 1 reach is set to 80%~85% of the protected line in
consideration the aforesaid errors and safety margin to
prevent instantaneously tripping for faults on adjacent
lines. The remaining 20% of the protected line relies on
the zone 2 distance elements.

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05
Protection
Functions
DPFC Distance Protection Where:

ZZD: the setting of DPFC distance protection
DPFC distance protection concerns change of current
ZS: total impedance between local system and device
and voltage at power frequency, therefore, DPFC
location
distance protection is not influenced by load current.
ZK: measurement impedance
Φ: positive-sequence sensitive angle
As an independent fast protection, DPFC distance
protection is mainly used to clear close up fault of long
The following figure shows the operation characteristic
line quickly, its protected range can set as 80%~85% of
of DPFC distance protection on R-X plane when a fault
the whole line.
occurs in forward direction, which is the circle with the –
Zs as the center and the│Zs+Zzd│ as the radius. When
Since DPFC distance protection only reflects fault
measured impedance Zk is in the circle, DPFC distance
component and is not influenced by current change
protection will operate. DPFC distance protection has
due to load variation and power swing, power swing
a larger capability of enduring fault resistance than
blocking (PSB) is not required. Moreover, there is no
distance protection using positive-sequence as polarized
transient overreaching due to infeed current from the
voltage.
remote power supply because it is not influenced by load
current.
ZZD
DPFC distance protection may not overreach, and its F M

Z
N
protected zone will be inverse-proportion reduced with EM

∆I
EN
system impedance behind it, i.e. the protected zone will ZK

Z′S
be less than setting if the system impedance is greater.
The protected zone will be close to setting value if the
jX
system impedance is smaller. Therefore, DPFC distance
protection is usually used for long transmission line with
large power source and it is recommended to disable Z's
DPFC distance protection for short line or the line with

weak power source. Zzd
ZZD
Φ R
M F N
Z -Zk
EM EN
∆I
ZS ZK
Figure 4 Operation characteristic for reverse fault
jX
Z' S : total impedance between remote system and
Zzd protective device location
Zk
Φ
R
Figure 4 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC
Zs+Zk
-Zs distance element on R-X plane when a fault occurs
in reverse direction, which is the circle with the Z′S as
the center and the│Z′S-Zzd│as the radius. The region
of operation is in the quadrant 1 but the measured
impedance -Zk is always in the quadrant 3, the DPFC
distance protection will not operate.
Figure 3 Operation characteristic for forward fault
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Load Encroachment Mho Distance Protection
When distance protection is used to protect long, heavily • Zone 1, 2 and 3 of phase-to-ground
loaded lines, the risk of encroachment of the load distance element
impedance into the tripping characteristic of the distance
protection may exist. A load trapezoid characteristic for
ZZD
all zones is used to exclude the risk of unwanted fault
M F N
detection by the distance protection during heavy load Z IN
flow. EM EN
I
As shown below, if the measured impedance into the ZS ZK
load area, distance elements need to be blocked.

jX
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
φLoad φLoad R
Load Area Load Area
R
-2ZS/3
RLoad RLoad
Figure 6 Phase-to-ground operation characteristic for

forward fault
Figure 5 Distance element with load trapezoid
Where:
ZZD: the setting of distance protection
RLoad: the minimum load resistance Z S : total impedance between local system and
φLoad: the load area angle protective device location
These values are common for all zones. ZK: measurement impedance
Φ: positive-sequence sensitive angle
Phase-to-neutral positive sequence voltage is used as

polarized signal for phase-to-ground distance protection.

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05
Protection
Functions
• Zone 1, 2 and 3 of phase-to-phase Z' S : total impedance between remote system and
distance element protective device location
jX
jX
ZZD ZZD
ZK ZK
Φ
R
Φ
R
-ZS/2
Figure 9 Steady-state characteristic of three-phase short-

Figure 7 Phase-to-phase operation characteristic for circuit fault
forward fault
Phase-to-phase positive sequence voltage is used as

jX
polarized signal for phase-to-phase distance protection.
ZZD
ZZD
F M N
Z
EM EN
IΦ ZK
ZK
Z′S Φ
R
Circle C
jX
-ZS Circle B
Z'S Circle A
Figure 10 Operation characteristic of three-phase close

ZZD up short-circuit fault
Φ
R
-ZK
Figure 8 Operation characteristic for reverse fault
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Where: The distance protection with such design thoroughly

ZZD: the setting of distance protection (zone x) eliminates the dead zone when three-phase close up
Z S: total impedance between local system and fault occurs. It also has favorable directivity and will not
protective device location operate for a reverse three-phase fault at busbar.
ZK: measured impedance
Φ: positive-sequence characteristic angle When receiving manual closing signal or 3-pole reclosing
Circle A: transient characteristic signal, the operation characteristic of phase to phase
Circle B: steady-state characteristic shifting towards distance protection will always enclose the origin of
quadrant impedance, with no dead zone, i.e. the reverse offset
Circle C: steady-state characteristic shifting towards impedance circle B.
quadrant
jX
The characteristic of the distance protection for a three-
phase fault on a system is an impedance circle cross
the origin, and there is a voltage dead zone around the B: 15° C: 30°
ZZD
origin. In order to eliminate the dead zone of the distance A: 0°
protection for a close up three-phase fault memorized D
positive-sequence voltage is adopted as polarized
voltage when the positive-sequence voltage drops down
R
to 15%Un or below.
-ZS
The transient (during process of memory) operation
characteristic is shown as the impedance circle A in the
above figure. The circle takes ZZD and -ZZS as diameter
and thus the origin is within the impedance circle. When
three-phase fault happens in reverse direction, the Figure 11 Shift impedance characteristic of zone 1 and
distance protection has a clearly defined directionality zone 2
and no dead zone during the process of memory.
The impedance characteristic of phase-to-ground
For zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 of the phase to phase distance protection is the circle with line connecting ends
distance protection, if distance protection operates with of ZZD and -2ZS/3 as the diameter and that of phase-to-
memorized polarizing voltage, this means a close up phase distance is the circle with line connecting ends of
forward fault. When the memory fades out, the operation ZZD and -ZS/2 as the diameter.
characteristic will be reverse offset a little to enclose the
origin as impedance circle B to ensure keeping operating In order to prevent the transient overreach caused by
of distance protection until the fault being cleared. If the infeed power supply from the remote end, the zero-
distance protection does not operate with memorized sequence reactance line D is added. These measures
polarizing voltage, it will be a close up reverse fault. have enhanced the capacity against fault resistance
When the memory fades out, the operation characteristic when using distance protection in short lines.
will be forward offset not to enclose the origin as
impedance circle C, and the distance protection will not
mal-operate even if voltage is zero.

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05
Protection
Functions
Zone 4 Zone 5
Zone 5 can be set as forward direction or reverse

ZZDR ZZDF
direction. When zone 5 is set as forward direction,
F M N
its operation characteristic is as similar as zone 1, 2.
I Z
EM EN When zone is set as reverse direction, its operation
characteristic is similar with zone 4, but the difference
ZK
is that the impedance setting in forward direction can
not set and is zero fixedly. In order to ensure that zone
jX
5 reliably operates for reverse three-phase fault and
does not reliably operate for forward three-phase fault,
it adopts the same method as zone 1, 2. When positive-
ZZDF sequence voltage is smaller than 15%Un, polarized
voltage, forward threshold and reverse threshold
improves the reliability of zone 5 of distance protection.
Φ
R
ZK
ZZDR
Figure 12 Operation characteristic of reverse Z4 distance

protection
Where:
ZZDF: impedance setting of zone 4 in forward direction
ZZDR: impedance setting of zone 4 in reverse direction
Φ: positive-sequence characteristic angle
ZK: measurement impedance
When a fault occurs on the rear busbar, reverse distance

element is provided to clear it with definite time delay
and is taken as backup protection for reverse busbar
fault.
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Quadrilateral Distance Element Zone 4
• Impedance Characteristic When a fault occurs on the busbar at the back, reverse
distance element zone 4 is provided to clear it with
Features available with quadrilateral distance protection definite time delay and is used as backup protection for
include 3 forward zones (zone 1~3) phase-to-ground or reverse busbar fault.
phase-to-phase distance elements, 1 reverse zone (zone
4) phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase distance element, jX
1 settable forward or reverse zone (zone 5) phase-to- C
ground or phase-to-phase distance element and 1 pilot RZD β O
R
zone distance protection. Each zone can respectively φ φ
enable or disable power swing blocking releasing. α
Quadrilateral distance protection will be disabled when
VT circuit fails.
B
θ
Zone 1, 2 and 3 ZZD A
Quadrilateral forward distance element characteristic for

Figure 14 Zone 4 reverse quadrilateral distance element
zone 1, 2 and 3 is shown as follows:
characteristic
jX Where:
ZZD: impedance setting of zone 4 in reverse direction
ZZD RZD: resistance setting of zone 4 in reverse direction
θ φ: positive-sequence characteristic angle,
α: the angle of directional line, fixed at 15°
β: the angle of directional line, fixed at 15°
θ: tilted angle of the reactance line AB, fixed at 12°
α φ
φ
β R
O RZD Zone 5
Zone 5 can be set as forward direction or reverse

direction. When zone 5 is set as forward direction,
Figure 13 Quadrilateral forward distance element its operation characteristic is as similar as zone 1, 2.
characteristics When zone is set as reverse direction, its operation
characteristic is similar with zone 4.
Where:
ZZD: impedance setting.
RZD: resistive setting range.
φ: line positive-sequence characteristic angle.
α: the angle of directional line in the second quadrant,
fixed at 15 °.
β: the angle of directional line in the fourth quadrant,
fixed at 15 °.
θ: downward angle of reactance line.

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05
Protection
Functions
Power Swing Detection The distance SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a
complementary function to the distance protection. With
Power swing is generally a dynamic process when distance SOTF protection, a fast trip is achieved for a
power system is disturbed. When power swing occurs, fault on the whole line, when the line is being energized.
the angle between the generators in parallel operation, It shall be responsive to all types of faults anywhere
the frequency of the system, the voltage on the bus, the within the protected line.
current and power of the branch lines are all fluctuating.
Power swing may destroy the normal operation of power
systems and even damage electrical equipment, causing Current Differential Protection
the system to collapse.
Current differential protection comprises three elements,
once channel failure is detected, the current differential
protection will be blocked automatically.
Power Swing Blocking Releasing
• DPFC current differential element (2 stages)
Tripping due to operation of the distance measuring
• Steady-state current differential element (2 stages)
element during a power swing is generally not allowed.
• Neutral current differential element (1 stage)
Our distance protection adopts power swing blocking
releasing to avoid maloperation resulting from power
swing. In another word, distance protection is blocked all
along under the normal condition and power swing when DPFC Current Differential Element
the respective logic settings are enabled. Only when
fault (internal fault or power swing with internal fault) is DPFC (Deviation of Power Frequency Component)
detected, power swing blocking for distance protection is p e r c e n t d i ff e r e n t i a l e l e m e n t o n l y r e f l e c t s f a u l t
released by PSBR element. components which can perform a sensitive protection
for the transmission line. Lab test shows that it is
Power swing blocking for distance element will be more sensitive in the heavy load condition than the
released if any of the following PSBR elements operates. conventional percent differential element.
Each distance zone elements has respective setting for
selection this function.
Steady-state Current Differential Element
• Fault detector PSBR element (FD PSBR)
• Unsymmetrical fault PSBR element (UF PSBR) Calculation of steady-state restraint current and
• Symmetrical fault PSBR element (SF PSBR) differential current is phase-segregated. Charging current
is eliminated from phase currents by the charging current
compensation function, so it is not needed to consider
Distance SOTF Protection capacitive current during disturbance status for current
differential setting threshold
When the circuit breaker is closed manually or
automatically, it is possible to switch on to a fault. In this
situation, the fastest possible clearance is required.
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Neutral Current Differential Element 1. For long transmission line without shunt reactor
Phase capacitive current of line can be derived from
The sensitivity of steady-state differential current “∏” equivalent circuit. Under normal condition, circuit
element is too low for the slight fault during heavy energization and external fault clearance, not only
load, and DPFC current differential element can only steady-state component but also transient component of
reflect the slight fault during heavy load, but low for the capacitive current can be compensated. It can improve
slow changing fault due to the small change of fault the sensitivity of current differential protection.
component. Neutral current differential element can be
very sensitive to this kind of fault.
M ZL N
A
Neutral current differential protection has higher ability of B

ZL
anti-CT saturation. C
ZL
Capacitive Current Compensation
For the long transmission line whose capacitive current

Figure 15 equivalent circuit
is very large, in order to increase the sensitivity of
current differential element especially for an earth
fault associated with high fault resistance, capacitive
2. For long transmission line with shunt reactor
current must be compensated to eliminate the effect
that capacitive current has on differential current. The Because a part of capacitive current has been
traditional method of compensating capacitive current compensated by shunt reactor, reactive current IL must
can only compensate steady-state capacitive current. be subtracted from capacitive current calculated by
However, during the transient period, such as circuit above condition.
energization (as shown in below figure), external fault
clearance, etc., there is large transient capacitive current
in the line. Lp
ua
iLa
uL
Lf uf
ub
iLb
iL
uc
iLc
Figure 16 Equivalent circuit of shunt reactor

A new method is adopted to compensate transient
component of capacitive current.

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05
Protection
Functions
3. For short transmission line 10

Fault-Current-SideA
Capacitive current is very small, the sensitivity of current

0
A
-5
-10
differential protection can still meet the requirement.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Fault-Current-SideB
20
10
The function, capacitive current compensation, will be
A
0
-10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
disabled automatically if differential current is smaller 20
10
Diff-Current
than 0.1In.
A
0
-10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Restraint-Current
20
CT
10
A
4. Transient capacitive current compensation
-10
-20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
If transient capacitive current compensation is adopted, (During external fault)

the compensated transient capactive current of each
side is calculated, then the transient differential current Figure 17 Relation between CT saturation differential
and restraint current after compensation is calculated, so current and restraint current
differential protection function can be accomplished.
2. Asynchronous method
CT Supervision as shown in above figure, there is a short time before CT
is saturated after fault current cross zero point, during
If CT circuit failure occurs at one end, the current
the period, CT can convert fault current accurately, so
differential protection will not mal-operate.
there is restraint current but no differential current, the
congruent relationship between increased differential
However, if CT circuit failure associated with internal
current and increased restraint current is used to judge if
fault or pickup due to system disturbance is detected, the
there is a internal or external fault, strong anti-saturation
current differential protection will be blocked or operate
ability can be get according to this method.
with alarm signal being issued at the same time when
the current differential current of the faulty phase is more
than the differential current setting during CT circuit The above methods can prevent current differential
failure protection from mal-operation if there is more than 1/4
cycle before CT is saturated.
CT Saturation
Two detectors are used to prevent undesired tripping

caused by severe CT saturation during external close up
fault.
1. High restraint coefficient and self-adaptive floating
restraint threshold
Due to high slope of DPFC percent differential protection,
differential protection has higher ability of anti-CT
saturation. For external fault as following figure, the
restraint current will be able to reflect the real quantity
of system for a short time after current cross zero point
and can be used as the restraint current after CT enters
into saturation status by the use of self-adaptive floating
threshold technology.
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Phase Overcurrent Protection Residual Current SOTF Protection
Phase overcurrent protection consists of following three Residual current SOTF protection will operate to trip
elements: three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of 60ms
when 1-pole auto-reclosing.
1. Overcurrent element: each stage is independent Residual current SOTF protection will operate to trip
overcurrent element. three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of 100ms
when 3-pole auto-reclosing or closing manually.
2. Direction control element: one direction control element
shared by all overcurrent elements, and each overcurrent
element can individually select protection direction. Voltage Protection
3. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking • Overvoltage Protection

element shared by all overcurrent elements and each
phase overcurrent element can individually enable the Phase overvoltage protection has following functions:
output signal from harmonic element as a blocking input.
All stages can be selected as definite-time or inverse-time 1. Two-stage phase overvoltage protection with
characteristic. independent logic, voltage and time delay settings.
2. Stage 1 and stage 2 can be selected as definite-

Earth Fault Protection time or inverse-time characteristic. The inverse-time
characteristic is selectable, among IEC and ANSI/IEEE
Earth fault protection consists of following three elements: standard inverse-time characteristics.
1. Overcurrent element: each stage equipped with one 3. Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage can be
independent overcurrent element. selected for protection calculation.
2. Directional control element: one direction control 4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for
element shared by all overcurrent elements, and each protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any of three phase
overcurrent element can individually select protection voltages, 3-out-of-3 means all three phase voltages)
direction.
For stage 1 and stage 2 of overvoltage protection,
3. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking operating characteristic can be chosen from definite-time
element shared by all overcurrent elements and each characteristic and 12 inverse-time characteristics.
overcurrent element can individually enable the output
signal of harmonic blocking element as a blocking input.
All 4 stages earth fault protection can be selected as

definite-time or inverse-time characteristic.

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05
Protection
Functions
• Undervoltage Protection 2. df/dt blocking element

If df/dt is larger than a setting, the calculation of
Phase undervoltage protection has following functions: protection is not carried out and the output relay will
be blocked. The blocking element will not be released
1. Two-stage phase undervoltage protection with automatically until the system frequency recovers to be
independent logic, voltage and time delay settings. less than the setting [81U.f_Pkp].
2. Stage 1 and stage 2 can be selected as definite- 3. Frequency abnormality condition

time or inverse-time characteristic. The inverse-time When f<40Hz or f>65Hz, underfrequency protection will
characteristic is selectable, among IEC and ANSI/IEEE be blocked
standard inverse-time characteristics.
• Overfrequency Protection
3. Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage can be
selected for protection calculation. Overfrequency protection consists of four stages (stage
1 to stage 4).
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for
protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any of three phase In order to prevent possible maloperation of overfreqency
voltages, 3-out-of-3 means all three phase voltages) protection in conditions of high harmonics, voltage circuit
failures and so on, such blocking measures are carried
For stage 1 and stage 2 of undervoltage protection, out as follows:
operating characteristic can be chosen from definite-time
1. Blocking in undervoltage condition
characteristic and twelve inverse-time characteristics.
If the positive voltage U<0.15Un, the calculation of
protection is not carried out and the output relay will be
Frequency Protection blocked.
2. Frequency abnormality condition
• Underfrequency Protection When f<40Hz or f>65Hz, overfrequency protection will
Underfrequency protection consists of four stages (stage be blocked
1 to stage 4).
In order to prevent possible maloperation of

underfrequency protection in conditions of high
harmonics, voltage circuit failures and so on, such
blocking measures are carried out as follows:
1. Blocking in undervoltage condition
If the positive voltage U<0.15Un, the calculation of
protection is not carried out and the output relay will be
blocked.
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Breaker Failure Protection breaker is chosen in addition to breaker failure current

check to trigger breaker failure timer. The device takes
The instantaneous re-tripping function, after receiving current as priority with CB auxiliary contact (52b) as an
tripping signal from other device and the corresponding option criteria for breaker failure check.
phase overcurrent element operating, is available and
provides phase-segregated binary output contact,
which can ensure the circuit breaker is still tripped in Thermal Overload Protection
case the secondary circuit between the device and the
circuit breaker is abnormal, to avoid undesired tripping Thermal overload protection has following functions:
of breaker failure protection and the expansion of the
affected area. Instantaneous re-tripping function does • Provides a thermal overload model which is based
not block AR. on the IEC60255-8 standard
When both the phase-segregated tripping contact from • Two stages for alarm purpose and two stages for
line protection and the corresponding phase overcurrent trip purpose
element operate, or both the three-phase tripping
contact and any phase overcurrent element operate, • Thermal accumulation can be cleared by external
breaker failure protection will send three-phase tripping input signal
command to trip local circuit breaker after time delay and
trip all adjacent circuit breakers after time delay. The thermal overload formulas are shown as below.
1. Criterion of cooling start characteristic:
When the protection element except undervoltage
element within this device operates and issues tripping I2
signal, breaker failure protection will also be initiated. T = τ × ln
I 2 − (k × I B ) 2
Taking into account that the faulty current is too small for
generator or transformer fault, the sensitivity of phase 2. Criterion of hot start characteristic:
current element may not meet the requirements, zero-
I 2 − I p2
sequence current criterion and negative-sequence T = τ × ln
current criterion are provided in addition to the phase I 2 − (k × I B ) 2
overcurrent element for breaker failure protection Where:
initiated by input signal from generator and transformer T = Time to operate (in seconds)
protection. They can be enabled or disabled by logic = Thermal time constant of the equipment to be
settings respectively. protected
IB = Full load current rating
For some special fault (for example, mechanical I = The RMS value of the largest phase current
protection or overvoltage protection operating), maybe IP = Steady state pre-loading before application of the
faulty current is very small and current criterion of overload
breaker failure protection is not met, in order to make k = Factor associated to the thermal state formula
breaker failure protection can also operate under the ln = Natural logarithm
above situation, an input signal is equipped to initiate
breaker failure protection, once the input signal is The characteristic curve of thermal overload model is
energized, normally closed auxiliary contact of circuit shown as follows.

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05
Protection
Functions
Pole Discrepancy Protection

t Refer to IEC60255-8
Pole discrepancy protection determines three-phase
breaker pole discrepancy condition by its phase
Ip segregated CB auxiliary contacts. In order to improve
P=—
IB
the reliability of pole discrepancy protection, the
asymmetrical current component can be selected as
P = 0.0 addition criteria when needed.
P = 0.6
P = 0.8
P = 0.9
Broken Conductor Protection
Broken-conductor fault mainly is single-phase broken or

two-phases broken. According to the ratio of negative-
kIB I sequence current to positive-sequence current (I2/I1), it
is used to judge whether there is an broken-conductor
Figure 18 Characteristic curve of the thermal overload fault.
model
Negative-sequence current under normal operating
The hot start characteristic is adopted in the device. The condition (i.e. unbalance current) is due to CT error
calculation is carried out at zero of Ip, so users need not and unbalance load, so the ratio of negative-sequence
to set the value of Ip. current to positive-sequence current (amplitude) is
relative steady. The value with margin can then be used
Tripping outputs of the protection is controlled by as the setting of broken conductor protection. It is mainly
current, even if the thermal accumulation value is greater used to detect broken-conductor fault and CT circuit
than the setting for tripping, the protection drops off failure as well.
instantaneously when current disappears. Alarm outputs
of the protection is not controlled by current, and only
if the thermal accumulation value is greater than the Synchrocheck
setting for alarm, alarm output contacts, which can be
connected to block the auto-reclosure, will operate. For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide
indenpendent synchrocheck function for CB1 and CB2
respectively. Both synchrocheck functions have the
Dead Zone Protection same logic.
The criterion for dead zone protection is: when dead The synchronism check function measures the
zone protection is enabled, binary input of initiating dead conditions across the circuit breaker and compares them
zone protection is energized (by default, three-phase with the corresponding settings. The output is only given
tripping signal is used to initiate dead zone protection), if if all measured quantities are simultaneously within their
overcurrent element for dead zone protection operates, set limits.
then corresponding circuit breaker is tripped and three
phases normally closed contact of the circuit breaker
are energized, dead zone protection will operate to trip
adjacent circuit breaker after a time delay.
21
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The dead charge check function measures the amplitude Transfer Trip
of reference voltage (Uref) and synchronism voltage
(Usyn), and then compare them with the live check Transfer trip can be controlled by local fault detector by
setting and the dead check setting. logic setting. In addition, the transfer trip initiation binary
input is always supervised, and the device will issue an
Synchrocheck in this device can be used for auto- alarm and block transfer trip once the binary input is
reclosing and manual closing for both single-breaker and energized for longer than 4s and drop off after resumed
dual-breakers. to normal with a time delay of 10s.
If both reference voltage and synchronism voltage are

live, the synchronism check element operates if voltage Trip Logic
difference, phase angle difference and frequency
difference are all within their setting values.
This module gathers signals from phase selection and
protection tripping elements and then converts the
When used for double busbars arrangement and 1½
operation signal from protection tripping elements to
breakers arrangement, voltage switching is supported in
appropriate tripping signals. The device can implement
this function module.
phase-segregated tripping or three-phase tripping, and
may output the contact of blocking AR and the contact of
initiating breaker failure protection.
Automatic Reclosure
VT Circuit Supervision
The auto-reclosing logic can be used with either
integrated device or external device. When the auto-
VT circuit supervision can detect failure of single-phase,
reclosure is used with integrated device, the internal
two-phase and three-phase on protection VT.
protection logic can initiate AR, moreover, a tripping
contact from external device can be connected to the
Under normal conditions, the device detect residual
device via opto-coupler input to initiate integrated AR
voltage greater than 8% of Unn to determine single-
function.
phase or two-phase VT circuit failure, and detect three
times positive-sequence voltage less than Unn to
When external auto-reclosure is used, the device can
determine three-phase VT circuit failure. Upon detecting
output some configurable output to initiate external AR,
abnormality on VT circuit, an alarm will comes up after
such as, contact of initiating AR, phase-segregated
1.25s and drop off with a time delay of 10s after VT
tripping contact, single-phase tripping contact, three-
circuit restored to normal.
phase tripping contact and contact of blocking AR.
According to requirement, these contacts can be
VT (secondary circuit) MCB auxiliary contact as a binary
selectively connected to external auto-reclosure device
input can be connected to the binary input circuit of the
to initiate AR.
device. If MCB is open (i.e. [VTS.MCB_VT] is energized),
the device will consider the VT circuit is not in a good
For phase-segregated circuit breaker, AR mode can be
condition and issues an alarm without a time delay. If
1-pole AR for single-phase fault and 3-pole AR for multi-
the auxiliary contact is not connected to the device, VT
phase fault, or always 3-pole AR for any kinds of fault
circuit supervision will be issued with a time delay.
according to system requirement. For persistent fault
or multi-shot AR number preset value is reached, the
device will send final tripping command. The device will
provide appropriate tripping command based on faulty
phase selection if adopting 1-pole AR.

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05
Protection
Functions
CT Circuit Supervision • Mutual Compensation
Under normal conditions, CT secondary signal is When an earth fault occurred on a line of parallel lines
continuously supervised by detecting the residual current arrangement, a distance relay at one end of the faulty
and voltage. If residual current is larger than 10%In line will tend to underreach whilst the distance relay at
whereas residual voltage is less than 3V, an error in CT the other end will tend to overreach. Usually the degree
circuit is considered, the concerned protection functions of underreach or overreach is acceptable, however, for
are blocked and an alarm is issued with a time delay of cases where precise fault location is required for long
10s and drop off with a time delay of 10s after CT circuit lines with high mutual coupling, mutual compensation
is restored to normal condition. is then required to improve the distance measurement.
Practically, the mutual effect between the parallel lines is
insignificant to positive and negative sequence and thus
Fault Location the mutual compensation is only for zero sequence.
• Function Description
The fault location is an essential function to various

line protection devices, after selecting faulty phase, it
measures and indicates the distance to the fault with
high accuracy. Thus, the fault can be quickly located for (Actual distance of the fault)
repairs. The calculation algorithm considers the effect
of load currents, double-end infeed and additional fault The residual current from the parallel line should be
resistance. Both double-end fault location and single-end added to the device. It should be connected to terminal
fault location are available in line differential relay, but 08 and star point of the parallel line CT connected to
only single-end fault location is provided in other relays. terminal 07 as shown in the following figure. Please note
the connection diagram and the terminal numbers are for
reference only. The final connection terminals are subject
to the device configuration at site.
23
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06
Communication
Communication
RS-485 Interface IEC60870-5-103 Communication
This protective device provides two rear RS-485 The IEC specification IEC60870-5-103: Telecontrol
communication ports, and each port has three terminals Equipment and Systems, Part 5: Transmission Protocols
in the 12-terminal screw connector located on the back Section 103 defines the use of standards IEC60870-
of the relay and each port has a ground terminal for the 5-1 to IEC60870-5-5 to perform communication with
earth shield of the communication cable. The rear ports protective device. The standard configuration for
provide RS-485 serial data communication and are the IEC60870-5-103 protocol is to use a twisted pair
intended for use with a permanently wired connection to EIA RS-485 connection over distances up to 500m.
a remote control center. It also supports to use an Ethernet connection. The
relay operates as a slave in the system, responding to
commands from a master station.
EIA RS-485
Master 120 Ohm
120 Ohm
IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Serial Port
Slave Slave Slave
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485)
is a master/slave interface with the protective device as
Figure 19 EIA RS-485 bus connection arrangements the slave device. It is properly developed by NR.
The protective device conforms to compatibility level 2;

Ethernet Interface compatibility level 3 is not supported.
Each device is connected with an exchanger via The following IEC60870-5-103 facilities are supported by
communication cable, and thereby it forms a star this interface:
structure network. Dual-network is recommended in
order to increase reliability. SCADA is also connected to • Initialization (reset)
the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so • Time synchronization
the every equipment which has been connected to the • Event record extraction
exchanger will play a role of slave unit. • General interrogation
• General functions
• Disturbance records
SCADA
Switch: Net A
Switch: Net B
……
Figure 20 Ethernet communication structure

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Communication
IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Ethernet Please note that gateways can be considered as clients
and servers subject to the communication object.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over Ethernet is a master/ When retrieving data from IEDs within the substation,
slave interface with the relay as the slave device. It is the gateways are considered as servers whereas
properly developed by NR too. All the service of this transmitting data to control centers, the gateways are
relay is based on generic functions of the IEC60870-5- considered as clients.
103. The following table lists all the group number of this
relay. And this relay will send all the relevant information • Peer-to-peer
about group caption to the SAS or RTU after establishing This is a non-connection-oriented, high speed type of
a successful communication link. communication usually between substation equipment,
such as protection relays. GOOSE is the method of peer-
to-peer communication.
Messages Description for IEC61850
Protocol • Substation configuration language (SCL)
A substation configuration language is a number of files
The PCS-931 series relays support IEC 61850 server
used to describe IED configurations and communication
services over TCP/IP communication protocol stacks.
systems according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-
The TCP/IP profile requires the PCS-931 series relays to
7. Each configured device has an IED Capability
have an IP address to establish communications.
Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description
(CID) file. The substation single line information is stored
• MMS protocol
in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing entire substation configuration is stored in a Substation
Message Specification (MMS) at the upper (application) Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the
layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has combination of the following items: individual ICD files,
been in existence for a number of years and provides SSD file, communication system parameters (MMS,
a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within GOOSE control block, SV control block), as well as
a substation LAN environment. IEC 61850-7-2 abstract GOOSE/SV connection relationship amongst IEDs.
services and objects are mapped to actual MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.
• Client/server
This is a connection-oriented type of communication.
The connection and communication activity is initiated
and controlled by the client. Substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software are
considered as IEC61850 clients. Substation equipment
such as protection relays, meters, RTUs, instrument
transformers, tap changers, or bay control units are
considered as servers.
25
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07
Hardware
Hardware
Front/rear panel
Figure 21 Front panel

Figure 22 Rear panel
Dimensions
482.6
291 465.0
101.6
177.0
465.0
101.6
179.0
4-Ф6.8
450.0
Figure 23 Dimensions

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Hardware
Typical Wiring
Conventional CT/VT (For reference only)
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1161 NR1504 NR1521A NR1521C NR1521C NR1521F NR1301
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
PCS-931 (conventional CT/VT and conventional binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
MON AI DSP CH BI BI BO BO BO BO PWR
PCS-931 (conventional CT/VT and GOOSE binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1301

NET-
MON AI DSP CH BI PWR
DSP
27
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Hardware
ECT/EVT (For reference only)
NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1161 NR1136 NR1503 NR1521A NR1521C NR1301
NET-DSP Module
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
PCS-902 ECT/EVT, GOOSE binary input and binary output
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1301

NET-
MON DSP CH BI PWR
DSP
PCS-902 ECT/EVT, conventional binary input and binary output
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
NET-
MON DSP CH BI BI BO BO BO BO PWR
DSP

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07
Hardware
Hardware
Power supply supervision 0801

CH-TX
CH-RX BI_01 + 0802

Dedicated Channel
Or or
*BI plug-in module can be independent common terminal

Telecom Equipment
…
CH-TX
CH-RX BI_06 + 0807
Fibre Optic Not used 0808

FC/PC Type (Rear)
BI_07 + 0809
0201
0202 Ia
…
0203
0204 Ib BI_12 + 0814
0205
To parallel line Ic Not used 0815
0206
0207 BI_13 + 0816
From parallel line 0208 IM0
…
0213
Protection Voltage
0214 Ua BI_18 + 0821

0215
Ub - 0822
0216
0217
Uc 1101
0218
Controlled by fault
BO_01
detector element
1102
1103
0219
Synchronism Voltage
BO_02 1104
0220 UB1
…
1121
0221 BO_11
UL2 1122
0222
0223
UB2 1201
Signal Binary Output
0224 BO_01 1202

1203
PWR+ P110 BO_02
External DC power Power 1204
supply Supply
…
PWR- P111 1221

P107 BO_11 1222
OPTO+
Power supply for
opto-coupler (24V) P108
OPTO- 1301
P102 BO_01 1302

BO_FAIL
(option)
P103 BO_ALM 1303

P101 BO_02 1304
COM
…
P105 BO_FAIL 1321

P106 BO_11 1322
BO_ALM
P104 COM
1501
A 0101 BO_CtrlOpn1 1502
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
B 0102
Signal Binary Output (option)
COM
1503
SGND 0103 BO_CtrlCls1 1504
0104
…
SYN+ 0101 1517

BO_CtrlOpn5
Clock SYN
SYN- 0102 1518
SGND 0103 1519

BO_CtrlCls5 1520
0104
1521
RTS 0105 BO_Ctrl
PRINTER
1522
PRINT
TXD 0106
Multiplex 0012
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front)
0225
Grounding
Bus
Figure 24 Typical wiring (conventional CT/VT)
29
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Hardware
CH-TX BI_01 + 0801
*BI plug-in module can be common negative

- 0802
CH-RX
Dedicated Channel
Or or BI_02 + 0803
Telecom Equipment
CH-TX - 0804
terminal
CH-RX BI_03 + 0805
Fibre Optic FC/PC Type (Rear) - 0806
…
BI_11 + 0821
Phase A RX
FO interface for SV channel
SV from
ECT/EVT - 0822
MU
Phase B
(LC Type)
Up to 8
Phase C TX Controlled by fault 1101

BO_01
detector element
1102
…
1103
BO_02 1104
…
1121
BO_11 1122
PWR+ P110
External DC power Power
1201
supply P111 Supply

PWR- BO_01 1202
OPTO+ P107
Power supply for 1203
opto-coupler (24V) P108 BO_02 1204
OPTO-
…
1221
P102 BO_FAIL BO_11 1222
P103 BO_ALM
P101 COM 1501
P105 BO_FAIL BO_CtrlOpn1 1502
P106 BO_ALM
Signal Binary Output (option)
1503
P104 COM BO_CtrlCls1 1504
A 0101
…
B 0102 1517
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
BO_CtrlOpn5 1518
SGND 0103
0104 1519
BO_CtrlCls5 1520
SYN+ 0101 1521
Clock SYN
SYN- 0102 BO_Ctrl 1522

SGND 0103
0104 IRIG-B
RTS 0105
PRINTER
0012
PRINT
TXD 0106
Multiplex
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front) 0225 Grounding
Bus
Figure 25 Typical wiring (ECT/EVT)

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08
Technical
Data
Technical Data
Electrical Specifications
• AC Current Input
Phase rotation ABC

Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz, 60Hz
Rated current (In) 1A 5A
0.05In~40In (It should measure current without beyond full scale against 20
Linear to times of related current and value of DC offset by 100%.)
Thermal withstand
-continuously 4In
-for 10s 30In
-for 1s 100In
-for half a cycle 250In
Burden < 0.15VA/phase @In < 0.25VA/phase @In
Number Up to 7 current input according to various applications
• AC Voltage Input
Phase rotation ABC

Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz, 60Hz
Rated voltage (Un) 100V~130V
Linear to 1V~170V
Thermal withstand
-continuously 200V
-10s 260V
-1s 300V
Burden at rated < 0.20VA/phase @Un
Number Up to 6 voltage input according to various applications
• Power Supply
Standard IEC 60255-11:2008

Rated voltage 110Vdc/125Vdc/220Vdc/250Vdc
Permissible voltage range 88~300Vdc
Permissible AC ripple voltage ≤15% of the nominal auxiliary voltage
Burden
Quiescent condition <30W
Operating condition <35W
31
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Technical Data
• Binary Input
Rated voltage 24Vdc 48Vdc

Rated current drain 1.2mA 2.4mA
Pickup voltage 16.8-28.8Vdc 33.6-57.6Vdc
Dropoff voltage <12Vdc <24Vdc
Maximum permissible voltage 100Vdc
Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously )
Response time for logic input ≤1ms
Number Up to 36 binary input according to various hardware configurations
Rated voltage 110Vdc 125Vdc 220Vdc 250Vdc

Rated current drain 1.1mA 1.25mA 2.2mA 2.5mA
Pickup voltage 77-132Vdc 87.5-150Vdc 154-264Vdc 175-300Vdc
Dropoff voltage <55Vdc <62.5Vdc <110Vdc <125Vdc
Maximum permissible voltage 300Vdc
Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously )
Response time for logic input ≤1ms
Number Up to 36 binary input according to various hardware configurations
• Binary Output
Output mode Potential free contact

8A@380Vac
Continuous carry 8A@250Vdc
8A@125Vdc
Pickup time (Typical) <8ms (3ms)
Dropoff time <5ms
0.65A@48Vdc
0.30A@110Vdc
Breaking capacity (L/R=40ms) 0.30A@125Vdc
0.15A@220Vdc
0.15A@250Vdc
Burden 300mW
380Vac
Maximal system voltage
250Vdc
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1min

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08
Technical
Data
Technical Data
10A@3s
15A@1s
Short duration current
[email protected]
[email protected]
Durability (Loaded contact) 10000 operations
Number Up to 55 binary output according to various hardware configurations
Mechanical Specifications
Mounting Way Flush mounted

Chassis color Silver grey
Weight per device Approx. 15kg
Chassis material Aluminum alloy
Location of terminal Rear panel of the device
Device structure Plug-in modular type @ rear side, integrated frontplate
Protection class
Front side IP40, up to IP51 (With cover)
Other sides IP30
Rear side, connection terminals IP20
Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range

Operating temperature -40°C to +70°C (Readability of display may be impaired below -20°C)
Transport and storage temperature range -40°C to +70°C
Permissible humidity 5%-95%, without condensation
Pollution degree 2
Altitude <3000m
33
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Technical Data
Communication Port
♦ EIA-485 Port
Baud rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s

Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997
Maximal capacity 32
Transmission distance <500m
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable
♦ Ethernet Port
Connector type RJ-45 ST (Multi mode)

Transmission rate 100Mbits/s
Transmission standard 100Base-TX 100Base-FX
Transmission distance <100m <2km (1310nm)
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997, DNP 3.0 or IEC 61850
♦ Optical Fibre Port
• For Station Level

Characteristic Glass optical fiber
Connector type ST
Fibre type Multi mode
Transmission distance <2km
Wave length 1310nm
Transmission power Min. -20.0dBm
Minimum receiving power Min. -30.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB

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08
Technical
Data
Technical Data
• For Process Level

Connector type LC
Transmission distance <2km
Wave length 1310nm
Transmission power Min. -20.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB
• For Pilot Channel

Connector type FC ST
Fibre type Single mode Multi mode
Wave length 1310nm 1550nm 850nm
Transmission distance Max.40km Max.100km Max.2km
Transmission power -13.0±3.0 dBm -5.0 dBm±3.0 dBm -12dBm~-20 dBm
Minimum receiving power Min.-37 dBm Min.-36 dBm Min. -30.0dBm
Optical overload point Min.-3 dBm Min.-3 dBm Min.-8 dBm
• For Synchronization Port

Connector type ST
Wave length 820nm
Margin Min +3.0dB
♦ Print Port
Type RS-232
Baud Rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s
Printer type EPSON® 300K printer
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Technical Data
♦ Clock Synchronization Port
Type RS-485
Transmission distance <500m
Maximal capacity 32
Timing standard PPS, IRIG-B
Type Tests
♦ Environmental Tests
Dry cold test IEC60068-2-1:2007

Dry heat test IEC60068-2-2:2007
Damp heat test, cyclic IEC60068-2-30:2005
♦ Mechanical Tests
Vibration IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class 1

Shock and bump IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class 1
♦ Electrical Tests

Dielectric tests Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min
Impulse voltage tests Test voltage 5kV
Overvoltage category 3
Insulation resistance measurements Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC

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Technical
Data
Technical Data
♦ Electromagnetic Compatibility
IEC 60255-22-1:2007
1MHz burst disturbance test Common mode: class 3 2.5kV
Differential mode: class 3 1.0kV
IEC60255-22-2:2008 class 4
Electrostatic discharge test For contact discharge: 8kV
For air discharge: 15kV
IEC 60255-22-3:2007 class 3
Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80~1000MHz
Radio frequency interference tests Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz
Radiated pulse-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=900MHz
IEC 60255-22-4:2008
Fast transient disturbance tests Power supply, I/O, Earth: class 4, 4kV, 2.5kHz, 5/50ns
Communication terminals: class 4, 2kV, 5kHz, 5/50ns
IEC 60255-22-5:2008
Power supply, AC input, I/O port: class 4, 1.2/50us
Surge immunity test
Common mode: 4kV
Differential mode: 2kV
IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Conducted RF Electromagnetic Disturbance
Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class 3, 10Vrms, 150 kHz~80MHz
IEC 61000-4-8:2001
Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity
class 5, 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
IEC 61000-4-9:2001
Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity
class 5, 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
IEC 61000-4-10:2001
Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity
class 5, 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m
Auxiliary power supply performance IEC60255-11: 2008
- Voltage dips Up to 200ms for dips to 40% of rated voltage without reset
-Voltage short interruptions 100ms for interruption without rebooting
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Technical Data
Terminals
Connection Type Wire Size

Crimp terminals, 1.5mm2~4.0mm2 lead
AC current If using 4.0mm2 lead, only dedicated terminal cable lug provided by NR can
be adopted.
AC voltage Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Power supply Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Contact I/O Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Grounding (Earthing) Connection BVR type, 2.5mm²~6.0mm2 lead
Measurement Scope and Accuracy
Item Range Accuracy

Phase range 0° ~ 360° ≤±3°
Frequency fn±3 Hz ≤ 0.02Hz
Currents from protection measurement current transformers
≤ 2.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In)
Current 0.05~5.00In
≤ 2.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In)
≤ 1.0% of rating (0.05~1.00Un)
Voltage 0.05~1.50Un
≤ 1.0% of applied quantities (1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Active power (W)
0.05~5.00In ≤ 3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Reactive power (VAr)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Apparent power (VA)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Energy (Wh)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Energy (VAh)

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08
Technical
Data
Technical Data
Management Function
♦ Control Performance
Control mode Local or remote
Accuracy of local control ≤ 1s
Accuracy of remote control ≤ 3s
♦ Clock Performance
Real time clock accuracy ≤ 3s/day

Accuracy of GPS synchronization ≤ 1ms
External time synchronization IRIG-B (200-98), PPS, IEEE1588 or SNTP protocol
♦ Fault and Disturbance Recording
Maximum duration 10000 sampled points (24 sampled points per cycle)
Recording position 10 cycles before pickup of trigger element
♦ Binary Input Signal
Resolution of binary input signal ≤ 1ms

Binary input mode Potential-free contact
Resolution of SOE ≤ 2ms
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Technical Data
Protective Functions
♦ Fault Detector
- DPFC Current Element

Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
- Residual Current Element

- Overvoltage Element
Setting range Un~2Unn (V)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.01Un, whichever is greater
♦ Current Differential Protection
Current setting accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.01In, whichever is greater

Time delay accuracy <5ms
Typical operating time <25ms
♦ Distance Protection
Setting range (0.000~4Unn)/In (ohm)

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.1Ω/In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 105%
Time delay 0.000~10.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms

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Technical
Data
Technical Data
♦ Phase Overcurrent Protection

Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~20.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater (for current
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) between 1.2 and 20 multiples of pickup)
♦ Earth Fault Protection

Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~20.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
♦ Overvoltage Protection
Setting range Un~2Unn (V)

Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~30.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times voltage setting)
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater (for voltage
♦ Undervoltage Protection
Setting range 0~Unn (V)

Time delay 0.000~30.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times voltage setting)
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater (for voltage
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) between 0.5 and 0.8 multiples of pickup)
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Technical Data
♦ Overfrequency Protection
Setting range 50.00~65.00 (Hz)

Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~100.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times frequency setting)
♦ Underfrequency Protection
Setting range 45.00~ 60.00 (Hz)

Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz
Time delay 0.000s ~ 100.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 0.8 times frequency setting)
df/dt blocking setting range 0.200~20.000 (Hz/s)
Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz/s
♦ Breaker Failure Protection
Pick-up time <20ms

Drop-off time <20ms
Setting range of phase current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Setting range of zero-sequence current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Setting range of negative-sequence current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Time delay (first) 0.000~10.000 (s)
Time delay (second) 0.000~10.000 (s)

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Technical
Data
Technical Data
♦ Thermal Overload Protection
Base current setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)

Line thermal time constant 0.100~100.000 (min)
Thermal overload coefficient for trip 1.000~3.000
Thermal overload coefficient for alarm 1.000~3.000
Resetting ratio 95%
Drop-off time <30ms
Time accuracy between 1.2 and 20 multiples of pickup)
♦ Stub Overcurrent Protection

Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~10.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
♦ Dead Zone Protection
Setting range 0.050In~30.000In

Accuracy ≤2.5% or 0.02In whichever is greater
Time delay 0.000~10.000s
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms
♦ Pole Discrepancy Protection
Setting range (zero-sequence current) 0.050In~30.000In (A)

Setting range (negative-sequence current) 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting 0.02In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~600.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
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Technical data
♦ Broken Conductor Protection
Setting range (I2/I1) 0.20~1.00

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~600.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms
♦ Auto-reclosing
Phase difference setting range 0~89 (Deg)

Accuracy 2.0Deg
Voltage difference setting range 0.02Un~0.8Un (V)
Accuracy Max(0.01Un, 2.5%)
Frequency difference setting range 0.02~1 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.01Hz
Operating time of synchronism check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of energizing check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of auto-reclosing ≤1%Setting+20ms
♦ Transient Overreach
Tolerance for all high-speed protection ≤2%
♦ Fault Locator
Accuracy for multi-phase faults with single end feed < ±2.5%
Tolerance will be higher in case of single-phase fault with high ground resistance.

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PCS-931 Line Current Differential ProtectionData Sheet

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PCS-931 Line Current Differential ProtectionData Sheet

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Overview 1

Read more on the web

2 Read more on the web

Protection Function • Thermal overload protection

• Current differential protection (87) • Stub overcurrent protection

• Distance protection • Broken conductor protection

• DPFC distance protection • Control function

• Breaker failure protection

Measurement and control function Monitoring

• Energy metering (active and reactive energy are Communication

• Up to 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type

• Disturbance recorder including 64 disturbance User Interface

4 Read more on the web

87 21D 21 67G 67P 51GVT 51PVT 50BF 49 46BC 62PD FR

50DZ 50STB (Only for one and a half breakers arrangement)

Figure 1 Functional diagram

6 Read more on the web

Distance Protection 4. Load encroachment

3. Quadrilateral phase-to-phase/ground distance

Figure 2 Protected reach of distance protection for each zone

Where: The general rule for zone 2 impedance reach setting is

8 Read more on the web

DPFC Distance Protection Where:

DPFC distance protection may not overreach, and its F M

protected zone will be inverse-proportion reduced with EM

system impedance behind it, i.e. the protected zone will ZK

DPFC distance protection for short line or the line with

Load Encroachment Mho Distance Protection

As shown below, if the measured impedance into the ZS ZK

load area, distance elements need to be blocked.

Figure 6 Phase-to-ground operation characteristic for

Phase-to-neutral positive sequence voltage is used as

10 Read more on the web

Figure 9 Steady-state characteristic of three-phase short-

Phase-to-phase positive sequence voltage is used as

Figure 10 Operation characteristic of three-phase close

Figure 8 Operation characteristic for reverse fault

Where: The distance protection with such design thoroughly

12 Read more on the web

Zone 5 can be set as forward direction or reverse

Figure 12 Operation characteristic of reverse Z4 distance

When a fault occurs on the rear busbar, reverse distance

Quadrilateral Distance Element Zone 4

Zone 1, 2 and 3 ZZD A

Quadrilateral forward distance element characteristic for

Zone 5 can be set as forward direction or reverse

14 Read more on the web

Neutral current differential protection has higher ability of B

Capacitive Current Compensation

For the long transmission line whose capacitive current

Figure 16 Equivalent circuit of shunt reactor

16 Read more on the web

3. For short transmission line 10

Capacitive current is very small, the sensitivity of current

differential protection can still meet the requirement.

The function, capacitive current compensation, will be

disabled automatically if differential current is smaller 20

If transient capacitive current compensation is adopted, (During external fault)