Geometry Exercises

February 28, 2022

Exercise 1. Given a circle (C) of center O and radius 3 cm. A is a point such that OA = 6 cm.
Through A draw the tangent (AT) to (C), where T is the point of tangency.
1) Calculate AT.
2) The line (OA) cuts (C) at M.
a) Calculate TM.
b) Deduce the nature of the triangle OMT.

Exercise 2. Let (C) be a circle of center O and radius 2.5 cm.

Let [EF] be a diameter of circle (C) and A is a point outside the circle on the line(IF) such that AF = 4 cm.
M is a point on the circle such that AM = 6 cm.
Prove that (AM) is tangent to circle (C).

Exercise 3. Consider a triangle ABC such that: AB = 10 cm, AC = 8 cm and BC = 6 cm.

M and N are the midpoints of [AB] and [AC] respectively.
(C) is a circle of center A and radius [AN ].
1) Show that triangle ABC is right at C.
2) Prove that the straight line (M N ) is tangent to (C) at N .

Exercise 4. Consider the two circles (C) and (C′ ) with centers O and O′ respectively, that are tangent
externally at M . The line drawn through M cuts (C) at A and (C ′ ) at B.
Prove that (OA) and (O′ B) are parallel.

Exercise 5. Given a circle (C) of center O and radius 3 cm.

[AB] and [CD] are two perpendicular diameters of (C).
The tangent to (C) at D cuts (BC) at I.
1) Show that B is the midpoint of [IC].
2) Calculate ID and IC.
3) Verify that: ID 2 = IB × IC.

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Exercise 9. ABC is an isosceles triangle of vertex A. [AM] is the median relative to [BC].
Let P be the midpoint of [BM]. The perpendicular to (BC) at P cuts [AB] at N.
1) a) Show that N is the midpoint of [AB].
b) Show that (M N ) and (AC) are parallel.
2) (PN) cuts (AC) at K.
a) Show that AKN is an isosceles triangle.
b) What is the nature of the quadrilateral AKNM?

Exercise 10. Let (C) be a circle of center O, radius R = 3 cm and diameter [AB].(d) and (d′ ) are the
tangents to (C) at A and B respectively. M is a point on (C) such that AB̂M = 30◦ . The tangent at M
to (C) cuts (d) at I and (d′ ) at J.
1) Draw the figure and give with justification the nature of quadrilateral ABJI.
2) What is the nature of triangle ABM? Calculate AM and BM.
3) Show that IJ = IA + JB.
4) Show that (OI) is the perpendicular bisector of [AM].
5) (OI) cut [AM] at E. Calculate the length of [OE] by two methods.

Exercise 11.
- C1 (O, 6 cm) of diameter [AB] and C2 (O, 3 cm)
- (OA) cuts (C2 ) at E.
- The perpendicular to (OA) at E cuts (C1 ) at P and Q.
1) Draw the figure.
2) a) Prove that AOP is an equilateral triangle.
b) Deduce the nature of triangle APB.
c) Calculate AP and PB.
3) Let M be the midpoint of [P B].
a) Prove that M belongs to (C2 ).
b) Prove that (PB) is tangent to (C2 ) at M.
4) Let I be the midpoint of [AP] and G be the point of intersection of (PO) and (AM).
a) Prove that B, I and G are collinear.
b) Calculate OG and GP.
5) Prove that the four points O, M, P and E belong to same circle of diameter to be determined.
(1) 6) Let (d) be the line tangent to (C1 ) at A and let N be a point on (d).
S is the midpoint of [NB]. Find the locus of S as N varies.

Exercise 12. Consider a circle (C) of center O and diameter AB = 4 cm.

Let (D) be the tangent to (C) at A and let M be a point on (D) such that AM = 4 cm. Through M draw
the tangent to (C) which cuts it at E and cuts (AB) at F .
The straight line (OE) cuts (D) at S.
1) Draw the figure.
2) Calculate the length of MB.
3) Show that (MO) is the perpendicular bisector of [AE].
4) What does O represent for triangle MSF? Justify.
5) Deduce that (MO) is perpendicular to [SF].

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Exercise 13. (d) is tangent to the circle of diameter [AB] at B. (MB) is parallel to (DF). H is the
meeting point of (AB) and (DF).
1) Reproduce the figure.
2) Show that EDF is a right triangle.
3) Show that (EH) is perpendicular to (AF).
(4) Let I be the intersection point of (EH) and (AF).
If E is fixed and F varies on (d).
Find the geometric locus of I.

Exercise 14. Given a circle (C) of center O and radius R.

Let [AB] be a diameter of (C).
Let C be a point on (AB) and outside (C) such that BC = AB 2
.
Let [CP ] be the tangent issued from C to the circle.
Let M be the foot of the perpendicular issued from B to (P C).
The perpendicular to (AC) at C intersects (BM) at N.
1) Calculate the angles of the triangle OPC.
2) Calculate CP in terms of R.
3) Prove that NP = NC.

Exercise 15. Let C(O, 3 cm) be a circle of diameter [AB], and E is a point on (C) such AE = 2 cm.
1) Draw the figure.
2) Show that AEB is a right triangle, then calculate BE.
3) The bisector of AEB
b cuts the circle (C) at point P .
a) Show that AOPb = 90◦ .
b) The tangents at A and P to (C) intersects at Q. Show that AOP Q is a square.
4) Let M be a variable point on the arc EBc and I be the midpoint of [OB].
The parallel to (OM) through I cuts (AM) at N.
a) Show that triangle AIN is isosceles, then calculate AI and IN.
b) Find the locus of N where M moves on the circle (C).

Exercise 16. (C) is the circle of center O and diameter [AB] such that AB = 2R.
M is the symmetric of O with respect to A. (MT) is tangent to (C) at T.
1) Calculate, in terms of R, the lengths MT and AT.
2) Calculate the angles T M d O, TAM and the arcs AT c and BT.
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3) (∆) is tangent to (C) at B, and E is the intersection point of (∆) and (MT).
a) What is the nature of triangle TBE?
b) Show that O, B, E and T belong to the same circle, and determine its center.
c) If N is variable on ( C ), what is the locus of I the midpoint of [AN]?

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Exercise 17. Consider a circle (C), of center O and diameter [BC] such that BC = 6 cm.
On (BC), produced to the side of C, we place the point E such that OE = 5 cm.
Through E, we draw the tangent (ET) to circle (C), where T designates the point of contact. Let (D) be
the perpendicular drawn from B to line (BC) and let G be the point of intersection of (D) and (ET).
1) Draw the figure.
2) Calculate ET.
3) What is the nature of triangle BGT? Justify your answer.
4) From point O, draw the parallel to (D) that cuts (ET) in M.
Prove that triangle MGO is isosceles.
5) Let S be the symmetry of T with respect to G.
Show that triangle TSB is right at B.

Exercise 18. Consider a circle (C) of center O and radius 4cm.

A straight line (d) passing through O cuts (C) at A and B.
Let M be the symmetric of O with respect to A.
(MT) is tangent to (C) at T issued from M.
1) Justify that triangle MTO is semi-equilateral.
2) Prove that triangle ATO is equilateral.
3) Calculate MT and TA.
4) The perpendicular to (d) at B cuts the tangent (MT) at E. Show that triangle TEB is equilateral.
5) Let J be the point of intersection of the bisectors of triangle TEB. Prove that points E, J and O are
collinear.
6) What is the locus of I, the midpoint of [TB], as (d) turns around O ? Justify.

Exercise 19. Consider a circle (C) of center O and diameter AB = 6 cm.

Let (xy) be a straight line passing through O.
I is the orthogonal projection of B on (xy) and B ′ is the symmetric of B with respect to I.
The perpendicular to [OB’] at B’ cuts (xy) at N.
1) Draw the figure.
2) Show that the two triangles OB’I and OIB are equal.
3) Deduce that B ′ belongs to circle (C).
4) What does (OI) represent for [BB’]? Justify.
5) Show that (BN ) is tangent to (C) at B.
6) Suppose that in this part: OBBb ′ = 30◦ .
a) What is the nature of triangle ABB’ ? Justify.
b) Calculate BB’ and AB’.
7) In this part: B ′ varies on (C).
What is the locus of point I ?