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Barack Hussein Obama II[a] (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who

served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. As a member
of the Democratic Party, he was the first African-American president in U.S. history.
Obama previously served as a U.S. senator representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008
and as an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004.

Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. He graduated from Columbia University in


1983 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and later worked as
a community organizer in Chicago. In 1988, Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School,
where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. He became a civil
rights attorney and an academic, teaching constitutional law at the University of
Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He also went into elective politics;
Obama represented the 13th district in the Illinois Senate from 1997 until 2004, when
he successfully ran for the U.S. Senate. In the 2008 presidential election, after a
close primary campaign against Hillary Clinton, he was nominated by the Democratic
Party for president. Obama selected Joe Biden as his running mate and
defeated Republican nominee John McCain.

Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, a decision that drew both
criticism and praise. His first-term actions addressed the global financial crisis and
included a major stimulus package to guide the economy in recovering from
the Great Recession, a partial extension of George W. Bush's tax cuts, legislation to
reform health care, a major financial regulation reform bill, and the end of a major
U.S. military presence in Iraq. Obama also appointed Supreme Court justices Sonia
Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, the former being the first Hispanic American on the
Supreme Court. He ordered Operation Neptune Spear, the raid that killed Osama bin
Laden, who was responsible for the September 11 attacks. Obama downplayed
Bush's counterinsurgency model, expanding air strikes and making extensive use of
special forces, while encouraging greater reliance on host-government militaries. He
also ordered military involvement in Libya in order to implement UN Security Council
Resolution 1973, contributing to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi.

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