Tensile Shades

Location: Neom Saudi Arabia

Design and Analysis Report

SAP-2000

Client: AL-BAIDA INSTITUTION

Contractor: Shadow Dimensions Tensile Structures

Designed By: Eng. Abrar Ahmed

Approved By: Engr. Abdul-Rahman

Project Revision: 00
Contents
1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4

2.0 Design Methodology ............................................................................................................ 4

3.1 Design of Frame Structure ............................................................................................... 4

3.2 Design of Foundation ....................................................................................................... 5

3.3 Design of Connections ..................................................................................................... 5

3.0 Design Criteria ..................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Design Codes ................................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Material Specification ...................................................................................................... 5

3.2.1 Steel specification ..................................................................................................... 6

3.2.2 Fabric Specification .................................................................................................. 6

3.2.3 Soil Properties ........................................................................................................... 7

4.0 Design Load Calculations .................................................................................................... 7

4.1 Dead Load calculation ..................................................................................................... 7

4.2 Live Load Calculation...................................................................................................... 9

4.3 Wind Load Calculation .................................................................................................... 9

4.3.1 Velocity pressure ....................................................................................................... 9

4.3.2 Exposure Category .................................................................................................... 9

4.3.3 Exposure Coefficient Kz ......................................................................................... 10

4.3.4 Wind directionality factor ....................................................................................... 10

4.3.5 Topography factor ................................................................................................... 11

4.3.6 Wind Speed ............................................................................................................. 11

 4.4 Temperature Load .......................................................................................................... 12

4.5 Load Combinations ........................................................................................................ 12

4.5.1 Factored load combinations .................................................................................... 12

4.5.2 Service Load combinations ..................................................................................... 12

5.0 Design Input/Output........................................................................................................... 13

5.1 Frame Structures ............................................................................................................ 13

5.1.1 Input for the frame structure ................................................................................... 13

5.1.2 Output for frame structure ...................................................................................... 16

5.2 Design of Foundation ..................................................................................................... 26

1.0 Introduction

This report has been prepared for the design and analysis of the tensile shades project located

in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This project consists of mainly three components i.e. PTFE (poly

tetra fluoroethylene for left two panels) and PVC (Ploy vinyl chloride, on right two panels)

fabric on the top, steel frame structure including beams, column, bracing, baseplate and bolts

and the foundation which is made up of concrete.

Please Add connection detail

verification of fabric to the
structure

Figure 1: Plan detail with fabric

2.0 Design Methodology

The complete design of the project is done in three steps which are explained one by one:

3.1 Design of Frame Structure

For the design and analysis of the Frame structure (beam, column and bracing) SAP is used in

which all the dead, live and wind loads are applied as per the codes and standards. ASCI-LRFD

is used for the analysis and design of the structure in SAP.

3.2 Design of Foundation

For the design of foundation PROKON is used. For the designing of foundation reaction are

taken from the SAP and these reactions are then applied on the footing. After applying the

reaction, bearing capacity of the soil is provided to the soil in PROKON (which can be taken

from the soil report). After designing different checks are performed to check the serviceability

of the foundation.

3.3 Design of Connections

For the analysis and design of the connections IDEASTATICA-21 is used. The nodal reactions

are taken from the SAP and applied on the beams and column joints in IDEASTATICA. After

provided the all required inputs, different checks are performed like base plate thickness,

welding thickness, Anchoring length and number of bolts required.

3.0 Design Criteria

Different Codes and standards are used for the analysis for design of the project which are:

3.1 Design Codes

• For Dead, live and load combination ASCE 7-05 and SBC (Saudi Building Code)-301

is used

• For the design of steel structure AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction)-360-

16 is used

• For the design of foundation ACI (American Concrete institute)-318-16

3.2 Material Specification

Different types of material are used in the project like steel is used for the main frame and

connections, for fabric PVC (Ploy vinyl chloride, on right two panels) and PTFE (poly tetra
fluoroethylene for left two panels) is used and for the foundation Concrete is used. The

properties of all the above mention material will be explain one by one below.

3.2.1 Steel specification

Steel grade: S275 (As per Euro Code)

Density of steel 7850 Kg/cubic meter

Modulus of Elasticity: 200,000 MPA

3.2.2 Fabric Specification

FABRIC 01: (PTFE)

Fabric type PTFE (poly tetra fluoroethylene for left two panels)

Weight 1350 g/sqm

Tensile Strength (Weft) 7000N/5cm

Tensile strength (Warp) 7000 N/5cm

Temperature Resistance -40C0 - +70C0

Warranty 10 years

FABRIC 02: (PVC)

Fabric type PVC (Ploy vinyl chloride, on right two panels)

Weight 1100 g/sqm

Tensile Strength (Weft) 5600 N/5cm

Tensile strength (Warp) 5200 N/5cm

Temperature Resistance -40C0 - +70C0

Warranty 10 years
3.2.3 Soil Properties

For the analysis and design of the foundation, PROKON is used. Different parameters are

required for the design of foundation like concrete grade (MPA), bearing capacity of the soil

(kN/m2), load reaction that are taken from the SAP. After providing all the inputs, different

checks are performed like overturing check and bearing pressure.

4.0 Design Load Calculations

Main three type of load is applied in the analysis and design which are dead load (Self weight

of the structure and the weight of the fabric), Live Load and wind load. Calculation and

references of all the above load is provided one by one below.

4.1 Dead Load calculation

Dead load of the steel structure (Calculated automatically by the SAP)

Calculation of the fabric load for area A(i):

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 = 60.30

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 = 60.30 𝑠𝑞𝑚

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 (𝑃𝑇𝐹𝐸) = 1.35 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑞𝑚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 0.81 𝐾𝑁

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟓 𝑲𝑵

Calculation of the fabric load for area A(ii):

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 = 60.37

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 = 60.37 𝑠𝑞𝑚

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 (𝑃𝑇𝐹𝐸) = 1.35 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑞𝑚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 0.82 𝐾𝑁

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟕 𝑲𝑵

Calculation of the fabric load for area A(iii):

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 = 59.59

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 = 59.59 𝑠𝑞𝑚

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐(𝑃𝑉𝐶) = 1.1 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑞𝑚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 0.65 𝐾𝑁

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝑲𝑵

Calculation of the fabric load for area A(iv):

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 = 43.28

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 = 43.28 𝑠𝑞𝑚

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐(𝑃𝑉𝐶) = 1.1 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑞𝑚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 0.476 𝐾𝑁

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟗 𝑲𝑵

4.2 Live Load Calculation

It is assumed that two persons can go for the maintenance purposes above the beams and

therefore a live load of 0.25 KN/m is applied on all the beams.

4.3 Wind Load Calculation

For the calculation of wind load SBC-318 is used. This calculated wind is then applied on the

structure manually in X and Y direction respectively.

For the calculation of effective wind pressure following equation is used

4.3.1 Velocity pressure

𝑄𝑧 = 0.613 𝐾𝑧 ∗ 𝐾𝑧𝑡 ∗ 𝐾𝑑 ∗ 𝑉2 (𝐾𝑁/𝑚2)

Figure 2: Velocity pressure for wind

4.3.2 Exposure Category

Figure 3: Exposure Categories

4.3.3 Exposure Coefficient Kz

Figure 4: Exposure Coefficient Kz

4.3.4 Wind directionality factor

Figure 5: Wind directionality factor

4.3.5 Topography factor

Figure 6: Topography factor

4.3.6 Wind Speed

Figure 7: Wind Speed in different region of Saudi Arabia

By substituting the values in the equation 4.3.1

𝑄𝑧 = 0.613 𝐾𝑧 ∗ 𝐾𝑧𝑡 ∗ 𝐾𝑑 ∗ 𝑉2 (𝐾𝑁/𝑚2)

You have to consider Open Building
Wind load value for the fabric cover shall be calculated separately considering only 4
points of fixations and to consider both + and - direction

𝑄𝑧 = 0.613 ∗ 0.90 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 52 ∗ 52

𝑸𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔𝟖 𝑲𝑵/𝒔𝒒𝒎

Now, apply the wind load on the structure as per the coefficients of wind ward side and leeward

side.

4.4 Temperature Load

The temperature applied on the building is +40C0 and -40C0

4.5 Load Combinations

There are two types of load combinations i.e. Factored load combination and service load

combination.

4.5.1 Factored load combinations

Factored load combinations are taken from ASCE 7-05

Figure 08: Factored Load combinations

4.5.2 Service Load combinations

Service load combinations are also taken from the ASCE-7-05 which are
 Figure 09: Service Load combinations

5.0 Design Input/Output

In this section of report, all the screenshots will be provided regarding inputs and output of the

whole project starting from SAP, PROKON and IDEASTATICA.

5.1 Frame Structures

Frame structure includes the skeleton of the structure like arched beam, column and bracing

for the stability of the structure.

5.1.1 Input for the frame structure

5.1.1.1 Material Property for steel

Figure 10: Steel Property

 add figure for dead load

5.1.1.2 Live Load applied

Figure 11: Live Load applied on the structure

5.1.1.3 Wind X+

Figure 12: Wind in X+ direction

5.1.1.5 Temperature T+

Figure 13: Temperature +40 C

5.1.1.6 Temperature T-

Figure 14: Temperature -40C

5.1.2 Output for frame structure

5.1.2.1 Section Sizes

Figure 15: Section sizes on the assigned load

5.1.2.3 P-M ratio check for section sizes

Figure 16: P-M ratio of steel sections

5.1.2.4 Lateral deflection for column

Figure 17: Lateral deflection in column

Figure 18: Lateral deflection in column

Maximun Value of deflection

need to be compared with the
maximum allowable deflection
5.1.2.5 Base Reactions

Figure 19: Base Reactions

5.1.2.4 Frame details

Figure 20: Axial Force

Figure 21: Shear 2-2 against critical Load combination

Figure 22: Shear 3-3

Figure 23: Moment 2-2

Figure 24: Moment 3-3

5.1.2.5 Nodal values (Against 1.4D)

Figure 25: Nodes label

Joint OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3 FrameElem

KN- KN- KN-
Text Text Text KN KN KN m m m Text
54 1.4D Combination -0.3 -0.3 -2.1 -1.2 1.2 0.0 28-1
79 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.3 3.8 0.3 -0.3 0.0 28-1
79 1.4D Combination -0.3 -0.3 -4.1 -0.3 0.3 0.0 28-2
55 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.3 5.8 -0.6 0.6 0.0 28-2
56 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 -3.3 -1.2 -0.1 0.0 29-1
74 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 3.5 1.1 0.1 0.0 29-1
74 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 -4.1 -1.1 -0.1 0.0 29-2
57 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 7.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 29-2
58 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 -3.3 -1.1 0.0 0.0 30-1
80 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 5.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 30-1
80 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 -5.5 -0.3 0.0 0.0 30-2
59 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 7.3 -0.5 0.0 0.0 30-2
60 1.4D Combination 0.3 -0.3 -2.1 -1.1 -1.2 0.0 31-1
75 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.3 2.2 1.0 1.1 0.0 31-1
75 1.4D Combination 0.3 -0.3 -2.4 -1.0 -1.1 0.0 31-2
61 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.3 5.7 -0.5 -0.6 0.0 31-2
62 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.3 -2.1 1.2 1.2 0.0 32-1
76 1.4D Combination 0.3 -0.3 2.3 -1.1 -1.2 0.0 32-1
76 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.3 -2.5 1.1 1.2 0.0 32-2
63 1.4D Combination 0.3 -0.3 5.8 0.6 0.6 0.0 32-2
64 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 -3.3 1.1 -0.1 0.0 33-1
81 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 5.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 33-1
81 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 -5.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 33-2
65 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 7.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 33-2
66 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.1 -4.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 34-1
77 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.1 4.3 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 34-1
77 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.1 -5.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 34-2
67 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.1 8.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 34-2
68 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.1 -3.0 0.5 -1.2 0.0 35-1
82 1.4D Combination -0.3 -0.1 4.7 -0.1 0.3 0.0 35-1
82 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.1 -5.1 0.1 -0.3 0.0 35-2
69 1.4D Combination -0.3 -0.1 6.8 0.3 -0.6 0.0 35-2
70 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.1 -1.8 0.5 1.3 0.0 36-1
83 1.4D Combination 0.3 -0.1 3.5 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 36-1
83 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.1 -3.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 36-2
71 1.4D Combination 0.3 -0.1 5.4 0.3 0.6 0.0 36-2
72 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.1 -1.8 0.5 -1.3 0.0 37-1
78 1.4D Combination -0.3 -0.1 1.9 -0.5 1.2 0.0 37-1
78 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.1 -2.1 0.5 -1.2 0.0 37-2
73 1.4D Combination -0.3 -0.1 5.4 0.3 -0.6 0.0 37-2
54 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 -1.2 0.0 38-1
56 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.0 1.2 0.0 1.6 0.0 38-1
56 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 -1.6 0.0 39-1
58 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 39-1
58 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.0 -1.6 0.0 40-1
60 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 40-1
60 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 41-1
68 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 1.1 -1.3 0.0 0.0 41-1
68 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 42-1
72 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.1 0.7 -0.5 0.0 0.0 42-1
72 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.3 0.0 43-1
70 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 -1.4 0.0 43-1
70 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.1 0.7 -0.5 0.1 0.0 44-1
66 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.9 -0.1 0.0 44-1
66 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 45-1
64 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 -1.6 0.0 45-1
64 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.0 1.2 0.0 1.6 0.0 46-1
62 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 -1.2 0.0 46-1
62 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 1.0 -1.2 0.0 0.0 47-1
54 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 47-1
64 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 1.0 -1.2 0.0 0.0 48-1
56 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 48-1
66 1.4D Combination 0.0 -0.3 1.1 -1.3 0.0 0.0 49-1
58 1.4D Combination 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 49-1
66 1.4D Combination 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.0 -1.6 0.0 50-1
68 1.4D Combination -0.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 50-1
5.1.2.6 Nodal values (against 1.2D+L+1.6W)

Joint OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3 FrameElem

KN- KN- KN-
Text Text Text KN KN KN m m m Text
54 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.0 -0.5 -3.5 -2.1 0.8 -0.3 28-1
79 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.4 0.5 4.9 0.5 -1.4 0.3 28-1
79 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.4 -0.5 25.4 -0.5 1.4 -0.3 28-2
55 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.9 0.5 -23.9 -1.0 -3.5 0.3 28-2
56 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.8 -0.5 -6.0 -2.1 -2.5 -0.2 29-1
74 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.8 0.5 6.1 2.0 2.3 0.2 29-1
74 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.8 -0.5 54.6 -2.0 -2.3 -0.2 29-2
57 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.7 0.5 -51.8 -1.0 -5.1 0.2 29-2
58 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.7 -0.5 -5.8 -1.9 -2.2 -0.2 30-1
80 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.2 0.5 7.2 0.5 -0.7 0.2 30-1
80 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.2 -0.5 53.2 -0.5 0.7 -0.2 30-2
59 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.7 0.5 -51.7 -0.9 -5.0 0.2 30-2
60 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.0 -0.5 -4.0 -1.9 -3.5 -0.3 31-1
75 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.1 0.5 4.1 1.8 3.2 0.3 31-1
75 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.1 -0.5 25.9 -1.8 -3.2 -0.3 31-2
61 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -2.0 0.5 -23.1 -0.9 -5.6 0.3 31-2
62 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.1 0.5 -3.4 2.2 0.6 0.2 32-1
76 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.1 -0.5 3.6 -2.0 -0.6 -0.2 32-1
76 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.1 0.5 26.8 2.0 0.6 0.2 32-2
63 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.0 -0.5 -24.0 1.1 -4.0 -0.2 32-2
64 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.0 0.5 -6.0 2.1 -2.9 0.1 33-1
81 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.4 -0.5 7.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.1 33-1
81 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.4 0.5 53.3 0.5 0.7 0.1 33-2
65 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.9 -0.5 -51.8 1.1 -5.8 -0.1 33-2
66 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.9 0.2 -7.8 0.7 -2.5 0.1 34-1
77 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.9 -0.2 7.9 -0.6 2.3 -0.1 34-1
77 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.9 0.2 74.7 0.6 -2.3 0.1 34-2
67 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.8 -0.2 -71.8 0.4 -5.6 -0.1 34-2
68 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.2 0.2 -6.0 0.7 -3.8 0.1 35-1
82 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.7 -0.2 7.4 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 35-1
82 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.7 0.2 44.7 0.1 0.5 0.1 35-2
69 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -2.1 -0.2 -43.3 0.4 -6.2 -0.1 35-2
70 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.1 0.3 -3.1 1.0 0.9 0.2 36-1
83 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.4 -0.3 4.6 -0.2 -1.3 -0.2 36-1
83 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.4 0.3 17.6 0.2 1.3 0.2 36-2
71 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.9 -0.3 -16.1 0.5 -3.3 -0.2 36-2
72 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.0 0.3 -3.8 1.1 -3.6 0.2 37-1
78 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -1.1 -0.3 3.9 -1.1 3.3 -0.2 37-1
78 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 1.1 0.3 18.2 1.1 -3.3 0.2 37-2
73 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -2.0 -0.3 -15.4 0.7 -5.5 -0.2 37-2
54 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.7 -0.1 1.6 0.0 -0.8 -0.4 38-1
56 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.7 0.1 2.4 0.0 4.1 -0.3 38-1
 56 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.5 -0.1 1.7 0.0 -1.6 -0.3 39-1
58 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.5 0.1 2.2 0.0 3.8 -0.3 39-1
58 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.4 -0.1 1.7 0.0 -1.6 -0.3 40-1
60 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.4 0.1 2.2 0.0 3.5 -0.4 40-1
60 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 0.4 1.8 1.9 0.0 0.7 41-1
68 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 -0.4 2.0 -2.5 0.0 -0.6 41-1
68 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.4 0.2 1.8 1.8 0.1 0.3 42-1
72 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.5 -0.2 1.5 -1.1 -0.1 -0.5 42-1
72 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 -0.1 2.3 0.0 3.7 0.3 43-1
70 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.6 0.1 1.6 0.0 -1.0 0.3 43-1
70 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.5 -0.3 1.5 -1.0 0.2 -0.5 44-1
66 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.4 0.3 1.8 1.9 -0.2 0.2 44-1
66 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.1 0.0 2.3 -0.1 4.0 0.1 45-1
64 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.1 -1.4 0.2 45-1
64 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.5 -0.1 2.4 0.0 4.3 0.2 46-1
62 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.0 -0.7 0.3 46-1
62 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 -0.6 1.9 -2.2 0.0 -0.5 47-1
54 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 0.6 1.9 2.1 0.0 0.7 47-1
64 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 -0.5 1.9 -2.1 0.0 -0.5 48-1
56 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 0.5 1.9 2.1 0.0 0.8 48-1
66 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 -0.5 2.0 -2.5 0.0 -0.6 49-1
58 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.6 0.5 1.8 1.9 0.0 0.8 49-1
66 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination 0.2 0.0 1.7 0.0 -1.4 0.1 50-1
68 1.2D+L+1.6WX+ Combination -0.2 0.0 2.2 0.0 3.7 0.2 50-1

5.1.2.7 Nodal values (Against service load D+W)

Joint OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3 FrameElem

KN-
Text Text Text KN KN KN m KN-m KN-m Text
54 D+WX+ Combination 0.1 -0.2 -1.3 -0.8 0.0 -0.2 28-1
79 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 0.2 2.5 0.2 -0.8 0.2 28-1
79 D+WX+ Combination 0.4 -0.2 16.4 -0.2 0.8 -0.2 28-2
55 D+WX+ Combination -0.7 0.2 -15.2 -0.4 -2.4 0.2 28-2
56 D+WX+ Combination 0.5 -0.2 -2.4 -0.8 -1.5 -0.1 29-1
74 D+WX+ Combination -0.5 0.2 2.5 0.8 1.4 0.1 29-1
74 D+WX+ Combination 0.5 -0.2 35.3 -0.8 -1.4 -0.1 29-2
57 D+WX+ Combination -1.1 0.2 -33.0 -0.4 -3.2 0.1 29-2
58 D+WX+ Combination 0.5 -0.2 -2.3 -0.8 -1.4 -0.1 30-1
80 D+WX+ Combination -0.8 0.2 3.5 0.2 -0.4 0.1 30-1
80 D+WX+ Combination 0.8 -0.2 34.1 -0.2 0.4 -0.1 30-2
59 D+WX+ Combination -1.1 0.2 -32.9 -0.4 -3.1 0.1 30-2
60 D+WX+ Combination 0.5 -0.2 -1.7 -0.8 -1.7 -0.2 31-1
75 D+WX+ Combination -0.6 0.2 1.8 0.7 1.6 0.2 31-1
75 D+WX+ Combination 0.6 -0.2 17.0 -0.7 -1.6 -0.2 31-2
61 D+WX+ Combination -1.1 0.2 -14.6 -0.3 -3.3 0.2 31-2
62 D+WX+ Combination 0.2 0.2 -1.3 0.8 -0.1 0.1 32-1
76 D+WX+ Combination -0.2 -0.2 1.4 -0.8 0.0 -0.1 32-1
76 D+WX+ Combination 0.2 0.2 17.5 0.8 0.0 0.1 32-2
63 D+WX+ Combination -0.8 -0.2 -15.2 0.4 -2.8 -0.1 32-2
64 D+WX+ Combination 0.6 0.2 -2.4 0.8 -1.8 0.1 33-1
81 D+WX+ Combination -0.9 -0.2 3.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1 33-1
81 D+WX+ Combination 0.9 0.2 34.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 33-2
65 D+WX+ Combination -1.2 -0.2 -33.0 0.4 -3.6 -0.1 33-2
66 D+WX+ Combination 0.6 0.1 -3.0 0.3 -1.6 0.1 34-1
77 D+WX+ Combination -0.6 -0.1 3.1 -0.3 1.5 -0.1 34-1
77 D+WX+ Combination 0.6 0.1 48.4 0.3 -1.5 0.1 34-2
67 D+WX+ Combination -1.2 -0.1 -46.0 0.2 -3.5 -0.1 34-2
68 D+WX+ Combination 0.6 0.1 -2.3 0.3 -1.9 0.1 35-1
82 D+WX+ Combination -0.9 -0.1 3.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 35-1
82 D+WX+ Combination 0.9 0.1 29.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 35-2
69 D+WX+ Combination -1.2 -0.1 -27.7 0.2 -3.6 -0.1 35-2
70 D+WX+ Combination 0.1 0.1 -1.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 36-1
83 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 -0.1 2.3 -0.1 -0.7 -0.1 36-1
83 D+WX+ Combination 0.4 0.1 11.5 0.1 0.7 0.1 36-2
71 D+WX+ Combination -0.7 -0.1 -10.3 0.2 -2.3 -0.1 36-2
72 D+WX+ Combination 0.5 0.1 -1.5 0.4 -1.8 0.1 37-1
78 D+WX+ Combination -0.5 -0.1 1.6 -0.3 1.6 -0.1 37-1
78 D+WX+ Combination 0.5 0.1 12.2 0.3 -1.6 0.1 37-2
73 D+WX+ Combination -1.1 -0.1 -9.9 0.2 -3.2 -0.1 37-2
54 D+WX+ Combination 0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.2 38-1
56 D+WX+ Combination -0.3 0.1 1.0 0.0 2.0 -0.2 38-1
56 D+WX+ Combination 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 39-1
58 D+WX+ Combination -0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.8 -0.2 39-1
58 D+WX+ Combination 0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 40-1
60 D+WX+ Combination -0.1 0.1 1.0 0.0 1.7 -0.2 40-1
60 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.4 41-1
68 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 -0.1 0.8 -1.0 0.0 -0.4 41-1
68 D+WX+ Combination -0.3 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.2 42-1
72 D+WX+ Combination -0.3 -0.1 0.5 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 42-1
72 D+WX+ Combination -0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.8 0.2 43-1
70 D+WX+ Combination 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.2 43-1
70 D+WX+ Combination -0.3 -0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 44-1
66 D+WX+ Combination -0.2 0.1 0.6 0.7 -0.1 0.1 44-1
66 D+WX+ Combination 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.9 0.1 45-1
64 D+WX+ Combination -0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.1 45-1
64 D+WX+ Combination -0.2 0.0 1.1 0.0 2.0 0.1 46-1
62 D+WX+ Combination 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 46-1
62 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 -0.3 0.7 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 47-1
54 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.4 47-1
 64 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 -0.2 0.7 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 48-1
56 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.5 48-1
66 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 -0.2 0.8 -1.0 0.0 -0.4 49-1
58 D+WX+ Combination -0.4 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.5 49-1
66 D+WX+ Combination 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.1 50-1
68 D+WX+ Combination 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.8 0.1 50-1

5.2 Design of Foundation

The foundation is designed in the PROKON software. The Bearing capacity of the soil is

taken to be 150 KN/cubic meter. The design report of the foundation is attached..
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Column Base Design :

C15
Input Data

Base length A (m) 1.6

Base width B (m) 1.6
Columns Col 1 Col 2
C (m) 0.219
D (m)
E (m)
F (m)
Stub column height X (m) 0.1
Base depth Y (m) 1.4
Soil cover Z (m) 0
Concrete density (kN/m3) 25
Soil density (kN/m3) 18
Soil friction angle (°) 35
Base friction constant 0.45
Rebar depth top X (mm) 50
Rebar depth top Y (mm) 50
Rebar depth bottom X (mm) 50
Rebar depth bottom Y (mm) 50
ULS ovt LF: Self weight 1
ULS LF: Self weight 1
Max. SLS bearing pr. (kN/m2) 150
ULS SF Overturning 1.2
ULS SF Slip 1.2
fcu base (MPa) 30
fcu columns (MPa) 30
fy (MPa) 420
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Loading Data

Unfactored loads

Column LF LF P Hx Hy Mx My
Load Case: Number ULS ULS
ovt (kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)

01 1 1 -71.85 -1.83 -0.17 0.38 -5.58

02 1 1 71.84 -1.83 -0.17 0.38 -5.58

Sketch of Base

BS8110 - 1997 Y

C1
X
B

A
Y
Mx
P

Hx
X
Z

Y
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Output for Load Case 01

Note: The calculated flexural reinforcement was used in the calculations.

Output for Load Case 01

Soil pressure (ULS) (kN/m2) 20.21
Soil pressure (SLS) (kN/m2) 20.21
SF overturning (ULS) 2.27
SF overturning (SLS) 2.27
Safety Factor slip (ULS) 66.04
Safety Factor slip (SLS) 66.04
Bottom
Design moment X (kNm/m) 0.00
Reinforcement X (mm2/m) 0
Design moment Y (kNm/m) 0.00
Reinforcement Y (mm2/m) 0
Top
Design moment X (kNm/m) -7.17
Reinforcement X (mm2/m) 15
Design moment Y (kNm/m) -8.04
Reinforcement Y (mm2/m) 17
Linear Shear X (MPa) 0.000
vc (MPa) 0.357
Linear Shear Y (MPa) 0.000
vc (MPa) 0.357
Linear Shear Other (MPa) 0.000
Punching Shear (MPa) N.A.
vc (MPa) N.A.
vcu (MPa) 4.38
v col face (MPa) 0.01
Cost 0.00

Load Case:01 Legend

Max M (+)
BS8110 - 1997 Y Y Max M (-)
Max Shear

0.22 0.22
X X
1.60

1.60

1.60 1.60
Y Y

Mx Mx
P P

Hx Hx
0.00

0.00

0.10 0.10

1.40 1.40

20.21 kN/m^2 20.21 kN/m^2

Soil Pressures at SLS Soil Pressures at ULS

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Reinforcement Calculation for X-direction:Positive Moments

Load Case: 01

Design moment:0.00 kNm/m

Calculation of the maximum steel strain:

fst
e st =
Es
365.22
=
200000
= 0.0018

Balanced neutral axis

d
xb =
e st
1+
ec
1350
=
.00183
1+
.0035
= 886.492 mm

%redis
bb = 1 -
100
0
=1 -
100
= 1.0000

Maximum allowed neutral axis depth: 3.2.2.1

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min d
x= , (bb - 0.4 ) . d
e st
1+
ec
min 1350
= , (.9 - 0.4 )×1350
.00183
1+
.0035
= 675.000

Depth of rectangular stress block:

a = b. x
= .9 ×675
= 607.500 mm

Concrete moment capacity: 3.4.4.4

a . . . . .
Mu = a . d - b a f fcu 1×10-6
2
607.5
= 607.5 × 1350 - ×1000 ×.66667 ×.66667 ×30 ×1×10-6
2
= 8 474.710 kNm

Lever arm 3.4.4.4

M
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 . a . f . b . d 2 . fcu
0
= 1350 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.66667 ×.66667 ×1000 ×1350 2 ×30
= 1 350.000 mm

Lever arm limitation 3.4.4.4

z = min(z , 0.95 . d )
= min( , 0.95 ×1350 )
= 0.0000×100

Tension steel 3.4.4.4

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M
Ast =
fst . z
0
=
365.22 ×1 282.5
= 0.0000×100 mm2

Neutral axis depth 3.4.4.4

2 . (d - z )
NA =
b
2 ×(1350 - 1 282.5 )
=
.9
= 150.000 mm

Reinforcement Calculation for X-direction:Negative Moments

Load Case: 01

Design moment:-7.17 kNm/m

Calculation of the maximum steel strain:

fst
e st =
Es
365.22
=
200000
= 0.0018

Balanced neutral axis

d
xb =
e st
1+
ec
1350
=
.00183
1+
.0035
= 886.492 mm
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%redis
bb = 1 -
100
0
=1 -
100
= 1.0000

Maximum allowed neutral axis depth: 3.2.2.1

min d
x= , (bb - 0.4 ) . d
e st
1+
ec
min 1350
= , (.9 - 0.4 )×1350
.00183
1+
.0035
= 675.000

Depth of rectangular stress block:

a = b. x
= .9 ×675
= 607.500 mm

Concrete moment capacity: 3.4.4.4

a . . . . .
Mu = a . d - b a f fcu 1×10-6
2
607.5
= 607.5 × 1350 - ×1000 ×.66667 ×.66667 ×30 ×1×10-6
2
= 8 474.710 kNm

Lever arm 3.4.4.4

M
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 a f b . d 2 . fcu
. . .

7166×103
= 1350 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.66667 ×.66667 ×1000 ×1350 2 ×30
= 1 349.801 mm
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Lever arm limitation 3.4.4.4

z = min(z , 0.95 . d )
= min( , 0.95 ×1350 )
= 0.0000×100

Tension steel 3.4.4.4

M
Ast =
fst . z
7166×103
=
365.22 ×1 282.5
= 15.299 mm2

Neutral axis depth 3.4.4.4

2 . (d - z )
NA =
b
2 ×(1350 - 1 282.5 )
=
.9
= 150.000 mm

Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction:Positive Moments

Load Case: 01

Design moment:0.00 kNm/m

Calculation of the maximum steel strain:

fst
e st =
Es
365.22
=
200000
= 0.0018

Balanced neutral axis

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d
xb =
e st
1+
ec
1350
=
.00183
1+
.0035
= 886.492 mm

%redis
bb = 1 -
100
0
=1 -
100
= 1.0000

Maximum allowed neutral axis depth: 3.2.2.1

min d
x= , (bb - 0.4 ) . d
e st
1+
ec
min 1350
= , (.9 - 0.4 )×1350
.00183
1+
.0035
= 675.000

Depth of rectangular stress block:

a = b. x
= .9 ×675
= 607.500 mm

Concrete moment capacity: 3.4.4.4

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a . . . . .
Mu = a . d - b a f fcu 1×10-6
2
607.5
= 607.5 × 1350 - ×1000 ×.66667 ×.66667 ×30 ×1×10-6
2
= 8 474.710 kNm

Lever arm 3.4.4.4

M
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 . a . f . b . d 2 . fcu
0
= 1350 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.66667 ×.66667 ×1000 ×1350 2 ×30
= 1 350.000 mm

Lever arm limitation 3.4.4.4

z = min(z , 0.95 . d )
= min( , 0.95 ×1350 )
= 0.0000×100

Tension steel 3.4.4.4

M
Ast =
fst . z
0
=
365.22 ×1 282.5
= 0.0000×100 mm2

Neutral axis depth 3.4.4.4

2 . (d - z )
NA =
b
2 ×(1350 - 1 282.5 )
=
.9
= 150.000 mm

Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction:Negative Moments

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Load Case: 01

Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction:Negative MomentsDesign moment:-8.04 kNm/m

Calculation of the maximum steel strain:

fst
e st =
Es
365.22
=
200000
= 0.0018

Balanced neutral axis

d
xb =
e st
1+
ec
1350
=
.00183
1+
.0035
= 886.492 mm

%redis
bb = 1 -
100
0
=1 -
100
= 1.0000

Maximum allowed neutral axis depth: 3.2.2.1

min d
x= , (bb - 0.4 ) . d
e st
1+
ec
min 1350
= , (.9 - 0.4 )×1350
.00183
1+
.0035
= 675.000
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Depth of rectangular stress block:

a = b. x
= .9 ×675
= 607.500 mm

Concrete moment capacity: 3.4.4.4

a . . . . .
Mu = a . d - b a f fcu 1×10-6
2
607.5
= 607.5 × 1350 - ×1000 ×.66667 ×.66667 ×30 ×1×10-6
2
= 8 474.710 kNm

Lever arm 3.4.4.4

M
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 . a . f . b . d 2 . fcu
8036×103
= 1350 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.66667 ×.66667 ×1000 ×1350 2 ×30
= 1 349.777 mm

Lever arm limitation 3.4.4.4

z = min(z , 0.95 . d )
= min( , 0.95 ×1350 )
= 0.0000×100

Tension steel 3.4.4.4

M
Ast =
fst . z
8036×103
=
365.22 ×1 282.5
= 17.156 mm2

Neutral axis depth 3.4.4.4

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2 . (d - z )
NA =
b
2 ×(1350 - 1 282.5 )
=
.9
= 150.000 mm

Punching Shear Stress/Reinforcement Calculation

Load Case: 01

Column number:1

Shear Stress/Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction

Load Case: 01

Design shear force:0.00 kN

Based on flexural reinforcement of: 0 mm^2/m

Shear Calculations:
Area used for shear calculations:
3.4.5.4-6

Ash = bw . de - (bw - bf ) . bf
= 1000 ×1350 - (1000 - 0 ) ×0
= 1.350×106 mm2

Reinforcement ratio 3.4.5.4-6

Ast
F1 =
Ash
0
=
1350×103
= 0.0000×100

3.4.5.4-6
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f1 = f1i . 100
= 0 ×100
= 0.0000×100

F1 = min(F1 , 3 )
= min( , 3 )
= 0.0000×100

F1 = max(F1 , 0.15 )
= max( , 0.15 )
= 0.1500

3.4.5.4-6

f2 = 1

3.4.5.4-6

0.79 . 0.33333 . 0.25

vc = F1 F2
1.25
0.79
= ×.15 0.33333 ×1 0.25
1.25
= 0.3358 MPa

fcu 0.33333
F3 =
25
30 0.33333
=
25
= 1.063

vc = vc1 . F3
= .3358 ×1.0627
= 0.3569 MPa
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Maximum allowable shear stress

3.4.5.4-6

vcu = 0.8 . fcu

= 0.8 × 30
= 4.382 MPa

3.4.5.4-6

vcu = min(vcu , 5 )
= min( , 5 )
= 0.0000×100

Actual Shear stress:

V . 1×103
v=
Ash
0 ×1×103
=
1350×103
= 0.0000×100 MPa

Shear force capacity

Vco = vc . Ash . 1×10-3

= .35684 ×1350×103 ×1×10-3
= 481.734 kN

Minimum links table 3.16

0.40 . b
Asv/svn =
0.95 . fyv
0.40 ×1000
=
0.95 ×420
= 1.003