Scribd
Upload
8 views5 pages

General Micros

General Microscopy detailed topic

Uploaded by

shahzaibolakh481
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views5 pages

General Micros

General Microscopy detailed topic

Uploaded by

shahzaibolakh481
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Submitted to

Mam Rehana Iqbal

Submitted by

Moona Rubab

Roll No:48

M.Phil Zoology (weekend) 1st semester

Topic: GENERAL MICROSCOPY

General Microscopy
History:
The first microscope was developed in 1590 by Dutch lens grinders Hans
and Zacharias Jansen. In 1667, Robert Hooke described the microscopic
appearance of cork and used the term cell to describe the compartments
he observed. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe
living cells under the microscope in 1675—he described many types of
cells, including bacteria.
Microscope
“An optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as
mineral samples or animal or plant cells, typically magnified several
hundred times”.
Microscopy
“Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and
areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye”

Parts Of Microscope:
1. Arm
It is in the back of the microscope and supports the objectives and ocular.
Also, it is the part that we use to carry or lift it.
2. Base
It’s the bottom of the scope. In addition, it houses the light source and the
back section of base acts as a handle to carry the scope.
3. Course Focusing Knob
We use it to adjust the position of objective lenses. Also, this should be
done keeping in mind that the objective should not hit the slide. In addition,
it should be stopped when the object is completely visible through the
ocular.
4. Fine Focusing Knob
We use it to bring the specimen in perfect focus once the specimen is
visible through the course-focusing knob. Also, focus slowly to avoid
contact between the objective and the specimen.
5. Illuminator
It is the light source of the microscope.
6. Numerical Aperture or Objective lens
It is found in a compound scope and is the lens that is closest to the
specimen.
7. Ocular Lens
This is the lens closest to the viewer in a compound light microscope.

Magnification & Resolution


Magnification

• Magnification is how many times bigger the image of a specimen


observed is in compared to the actual (real-life) size of the specimen
• A light microscope has two types of lens:
o An eyepiece lens, which often has a magnification of x10
o A series of (usually 3) objective lenses, each with a different
magnification
• To calculate the total magnification the magnification of
the eyepiece lens(e.g 10x) and the objective lens(e.g 10x)
are multiplied together(10x X 10x = 100x)

eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification = total


magnification
Resolution

• Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two separate points


• If two separate points cannot be resolved, they will be observed as
one point
• The resolution of a light microscope is limited by the wavelength of
light
• As light passes through the specimen, it will be diffracted
• The longer the wavelength of light, the more it is diffracted and the
more that this diffraction will overlap as the points get closer together

Limit of resolution: the minimum distance between two objects that


reveals them as separate entities.

𝟏
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 ∝
𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

TEM Resolution Equation; (TEM: Transmission electron microscopy)

𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝝀
𝒅=
𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶
Where;

d= resolution (minimum resolvable distance)

n= refractive index of the medium

𝜆= wavelength of energy source

𝛼= aperture angle

Uses:
Microscopy is used by scientists and health care professionals for many
purposes, including diagnosis of infectious diseases, identification
of microorganisms (microscopic organisms) in environmental samples
(including food and water), and determination of the effect of pathogenic
(disease-causing) microbes on human cells.
References;
https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Carolina_State_University/MB352_
General_Microbiology_Laboratory_2021_(Lee)/03%3A_Microscopy/3.01%
3A_Introduction_to_the_Microscope
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/microbiology/microscope-types-uses-
parts/
https://www.savemyexams.com/a-level/biology/cie/22/revision-notes/1-cell-
structure/1-1-the-microscope-in-cell-studies/1-1-4-resolution--magnification/

You might also like