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Computer Networks Note

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5 views

Computer Networks Note

Uploaded by

blossomsforyoubfy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks

Network:

A collection of devices connected to each other to share data

Nodes are connected by a physical link or networks are connected by one or more nodes in a
network.

Network Topology:

Shows a computer network layout: the way devices and cables are connected to each other

Types of Network Topology:

1. Star: (is commonly used in office and home networks as it is easy to install, manage, and
troubleshoot)
- all the nodes are connected to a single device as a center, which cannot be damaged or
the whole network will fail
-failure in one cable will only disconnect the specific computer which is connected to that
cable.
- *requires more cables than other topologies

2. Ring: (is rarely used as it is expensive, and difficult to install and manage)

- Nodes are exactly connected to two or more nodes, forming a single path for the
transmission

- Does not need any central server, but the damage of a single node will ruin the whole
network.
3. Bus: (is useful for a small number of devices)
- all the nodes are connected to a central cable or bus, which acts as a shared
communication medium that performs in sending data to other devices by sending data
over the bus which consequently shares it to all the other attached devices.
- the whole network is dependant on the bus

4. Mesh: (is rarely used because of its difficult installation and configuration; Cabling cost
is high as it requires bulk wiring)
- all the nodes are individually connected to other nodes
-does not need any central swith or hub to control the connectivity among the nodes
- includes two parts : Fully connected mesh topology in which all the nodes are
connected to each other; Partially connected mesh topology in which all the nodes are not
connected to each other
-failure in one cable will only disconnect the specific computer which is connected to that
cable.

5. Tree: (uses ethernet protocol; is the combination of stars and bus topology; known as the
expanded star topology)
- all the star networks are connected to a single bus
-whole network is divided as star networks which can be easily maintained, so damaging
one segment will have no effect on ther segments.
- is dependant on the main bus, and if it breaks, the whole network will damage.

6. Hybrid: (is flexible as it can be implemented in different network environments)


- is a combination of different topologies
Star topology + Star topology = Star topology
Star topology + Different topology = Hybrid topology
Different Types of Networks:

Divided on the basis of the area of distribution

PAN (Personal Area Network): range limit- up to 10 meters, personal use

E.g. Personal devices such as computers, telephones, fax, printers, etc are connected to this
network.

LAN (Local Area Network): is used in small geographical location such as office, hospital,
school, etc.

HAN (House Area Network): is LAN, but is used within a house to connect personal computers,
phones, printers, etc.

CAN (Campus Area Network): Connection of devices within a campus area

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): is used to connect the devices in metropolitan cities

WAN (Wide Area Network): is used over a wide geographical area ranging from connecting
cities to countries

GAN (Global Area Network): uses satellites to connect devices all over the world

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