ÔN TẬP NGỮ PHÁP

A- So sánh kép “Comparative And Comparative”

Dạng so sánh này diễn tả sự phát triển của sự vật, sự việc hay con người về mặt số lượng, chất lượng, tính chất,…
1. Đối với tính từ ngắn:
Short adj-er AND short adj-er
 Her hair is getting longer and longer. (Tóc cô ấy càng ngày càng dài ra.)
 My computer skill is getting better and better. (Kỹ năng sử dụng máy tính của tôi càng ngày càng tốt.)
2. Đối với tính từ dài:
More and more + long adj
 The match between Spain and Japan is getting more and more interesting. (Trận đấu giữa Tây Ban Nha và Nhật
Bản càng ngày càng trở nên thú vị.)
 Daisy is more and more pretty when she wears makeup. (Daisy đã đẹp lại còn đẹp hơn khi cô ấy trang điểm.)

B- So sánh kép “The comparative … the comparative …”

Dạng so sánh này dùng để miêu tả hai vật hay sự việc con người có sự thay đổi hoặc phát triển có liên quan đến nhau.
Cấu trúc cụ thể:
The + so sánh hơn + S + V, the + so sánh hơn + S + V
Trong dạng câu so sánh “càng…, càng…”, 2 vế của câu có thể hình thành từ cùng những tính từ/trạng từ ngắn hoặc
cùng những tính từ/trạng từ dài.
Lưu ý:
1. Đối với tính từ/trạng từ ngắn thì thêm vào đuôi -er:
The adj/adv-er + S + V, the adj/adv-er + S + V
 The younger you are, the easier you can learn. (Bạn càng trẻ thì bạn học càng dễ.)
 The faster she runs, the hotter she feels. (Cô ấy chạy càng nhanh thì cô ấy càng cảm thấy nóng.)
2. Đối với tính từ/trạng từ dài thì dùng more:
The more + adj/adv + S + V, the more adj/adv + S + V
 The more modern the technology is, the more convenient we get. (Công nghệ ngày càng hiện đại thì càng tiện
lợi hơn cho chúng ta.)
 The more expensive the jacket is, the more quality it is. (Chiếc áo khoác càng đắt thì nó càng xịn.)

C. CONNECTIVES (Các từ nối)

Các từ nối phổ biến nhất trong tiếng anh là: and, but, or (hoặc/ hay; “or else” nếu không), so (do đó, vì thế), therefore
(do đó), however (tuy nhiên). Các từ nối này được dùng để nối hai từ, hai cụm từ hay hai mệnh đề cùng loại, chức năng
hay cấu trúc.
1. And: dùng để bổ sung thông tin (additional information).
Ví dụ: This appliance is modem and economical. (Thiết bị này hiện đại và tiết kiệm.)
2. Or: diễn tả sự chọn lựa.
Ví dụ: Do you study Maths or Chemistry? (Bạn học toán hay vật lý?)
Does he live in the city centre or in the suburbs? (Anh ấy sống ở ở trung tâm thành phố hay ở ngoại ô?)
3. But: nối hai ý tương phản nhau
Ví dụ: He’s fat but his brother isn't. (Anh ấy mập nhưng bạn của anh ấy thì không.)
That man is famous but humble. (Người đàn ông đó nổi tiếng nhưng khiêm tốn.)
Ø Chú ý: However (tuy nhiên): diễn tả sự tương phản. Nó đồng nghĩa với but nhưng luôn luôn nối liền hai mệnh đề.
Ví dụ: He’s over seventy; however, he's still active. (Ông ấy trên 70, tuy nhiên ông ấy vẫn năng động.)
It’s raining hard; the game is, however, going on. (Trời đang mưa to; tuy nhiên trận đấu vẫn tiếp tục.)
4. So (vì thế, do đó): diễn tả hậu quả.
Ví dụ: He’s busy, so he can’t help you. (Anh ấy bận, do vậy anh ấy không thể giúp bạn.)
The test was easy, so most of the pupils could do it.
Ø Chú ý: Therefore (do đó, vì thế): đồng nghĩa với so. Nó dùng để chỉ hậu quả của một hành động.
Ví dụ: He's at the meeting now; therefore he can’t answer your phone.

2.
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with and/ but/ or/so.
1. I would like to come, I do not have time.
2. I invited him his friends.
3. The door was open, we could hear everything.
4. We must hurry, we will be late.
5. She is kind. , she is rather forgetful.
6. The work was new to me. , it did not seem difficult.
7. We looked everywhere. , we could not find the keys.
8. He is old. , his mind is still active.
9. It was very hot. , we decided to go swimming.
10. It was very hot, we decided to go swimming.
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with and/ but/ or/ so.
1. I have invited him his sister.
2. He walked up to the door knocked.
3. I would rather travel by train, the bus leaves earlier.
4. We were born in this village; , we know everyone here.
5. The sun was warm, a cool breeze blew in from the sea.
6. I have read this book before; , I do not remember the plot.
7. They were hot tired.
8. The door was locked, we had to wait inside.
9. I have known her for many years I understand her character well.
10. They visited many stores; , they could not find what they were looking for.

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with and/ but/ or/ so.

1. I haven't really studied for this exam, I feel a little nervous.
2. I told him not to come, he came anyway.
3. He has always done well on exams, this time he failed.
4. In the living room there is a TV a recorder.
5. I live in a hat at the top floor; I don’t have a garden, I have a balcony.
6. She likes Japanese food her grandson doesn’t like it at all.
7. My mother is severe my father is nice.
8. New York is very exciting too expensive.
9. We both like sailing we live near the sea.
10. There is a bed, a wardrobe an armchair in my bedroom.
Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences using and/but/or/so.
1. The train proceeded quickly. The train proceeded smoothly.
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2. They may leave today. They also may leave tomorrow.
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3. The child hates getting up in the morning. He also dislikes going to bed at night.
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4. He is talented. He also has a charm.
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5. The street is lined with oak trees. It is also lined with elm trees.
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6. The lecture was long. In addition, it was also a boring lecture.
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7. You should choose: One, eat less; two, do more exercises.
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8. I am proud to be here. I am also happy to meet you here.
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9. The town is historical. It is picturesque too.
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10. We know him. We don’t know his friends.
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Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences
1. Her old house is bigger than her new one.
-> Her new house…………………………………….........
2. No one in my class is taller than Peter.
-> Peter ……………………………………………….
3. The black dress is more expensive than the white one.
-> The white dress ……………………………………………
4. According to me, English is easier than Maths.
-> According to me, Maths ………………………………….
5. No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary.
-> Mary ……………………………………………………….
6. No river in the world is longer than the Nile.
-> The Nile …………………………………………………..
7. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
-> No mountain ……………………………………………...
8. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl.
-> She is ……………………………………………………..
9. He works much. He feels tired.
-> The more …………………………………………………
10. This computer works better than that one.
-> That computer ……………………………………………..
11. The apartment is big. The rent is high.
-> The bigger ………………………………………………….
12. We set off soon. We will arrive soon.
-> The sooner ……………………………………………………
13. The joke is good. The laughter is loud.
-> The better ……………………………………………….……..
14. She gets fat. She feels tired.
-> The fatter ……………………………………………….………
15. As he gets older, he wants to travel less.
-> The older ……………………………………………….………
16. The children are excited with the difficult games.
-> The more ……………………………………………….………
17. People drive fast. Many accidents happen.
-> The faster ……………………………………………….………
18. I meet him much. I hate him much
-> The more ……………………………………………….………
19. My boss works better when he is pressed for time,
-> The less ……………………………………………….…………
20. As he has much money, he wants to spend much.
-> The more ……………………………………………….…………
21. If you read many books, you will have much knowledge.
-> The more ……………………………………………………………
22. He speaks too much and people feel bored.
-> The more ……………………………………………………………
23. The growth in the economy makes people’s living condition better.
-> The more ……………………………………………………………..
24. People learn a lot of things as they travel far.
-> The farther …………………………………………………………….

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences

1. This month is hotter than last month.
➔ Last month __________________________.
2. No one on Helen’s team is more adorable than her.
➔ Helen is _______________________________.
3. No house in my village is bigger than her house.
➔ His house is ____________________________.
4. Oliver is the most clever student in his class.
➔ No one in Oliver’s class _______________________.
5. One of the greatest football players in the world is Pele.
➔ Pele is _________________________________.
6. Kenny is very smart but his brother is the smartest in his family.
➔ Kenny’s brother is _______________________________ than him.
7. His old flat is smaller than his new one.
➔His new flat is ______________________________ than his old one.

Rewrite the sentences

1. Mary likes doing DIY in her free time (FOND)
->
2. He really loves to hang out with friends. (ENJOY)
->
3. Daisy felt stressed. He tried to finish his homework. (HOWEVER)
->
4. Hung is a quicker swimmer than his brother. (QUICKLY)
->
5. Children should take things from adults with both hands. (HAD BETTER)
-> Children had ...
6. We decorate our house with a lot of flowers at Tet. ( Viết câu bị động)
-> Our house ...
7. Do you get used to using chopsticks? (FAMILIAR)
-> Are you familiar
8. You don’t have to were uniform. (NECESSARY)
-> It is not necessary.
9. Making Chung Cake is not as hard as making Moon Cake. (EASY)
-> Making Moon cake is
10. You can use this knife to cut the bread.
-> This knife..................................
KEY
1. The train proceeded quickly and smoothly.
2. They may leave today or tomorrow.
3. The child hates getting up in the morning and going to bed at night.
4. He is talented and charm.
5. The street is lined with oak trees and elm trees.
6. The lecture was long and boring.
7. You should choose to eat less or do more exercises.
8. I am proud to be and meet you here.
9. The town is historical and picturesque.
10. We know him but his friends.

KEY
1. Her new house isn’t so/as big as her old one.
2. Peter is the tallest in my class.
3. The white dress isn’t so/ as expensive as the black one.
4. According to me, Maths isn’t so/as easy as English.
5. Mary is the most intelligent in my group.
6. The Nile is the longest river in the world.
7. No mountain in the world is higher than Mount Everest.
8. She is the prettiest girl I have ever met.
9. The more he works, the more tired he feels.
10. That computer doesn’t work so/as well as that one.
11. The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is.
12.The better the joke is, the louder the laughter is.
14. The fatter she gets, the more tired she feels.
15. The older he gets, the less he wants to travel.
16. The more difficult the games are, the more excited the children are.
17. The faster people drive, the more accidents happen.
18.The more I meet him, the more I hate him.
19. The less time my boss has, the better he works.
20. The more money he has, the more he wants to spend.
21. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have.
22.The more he speaks, the more bored people feel.
23.The more the economy grows, the better people’s living condition is.
24. The farther people travel, the more the learn.