3

Vocabulary 3 Grammar

Modal verbs of deduction and 3

Mysteries
Complete the text with present or
speculation past modal verbs of deduction or speculation
(affirmative or negative) and the verbs
1 Circle the correct option. in parentheses.
1 Dima isn’t at home, he always plays tennis on
Friday. He must be/must have been at the
sports center now.
Descriptive adjectives 3 Read the review and replace the 2 My phone isn’t working. It can’t be/can’t have
underlined expressions with the adjectives been the battery because I’ve just charged it.
1 Match the extreme adjectives in the box to in the box. There are two extra words. 3 Clara looks happy! She must pass/must have
photos 1–8.
amusing disappointing dramatic entertaining passed her exams.
ancient awful delighted exhausted inspiring puzzling realistic unbelievable 4 I can’t find my glasses. I can’t leave/can’t have
freezing huge tiny unforgettable left them at home because I definitely had them
on the bus.
1 2 3
Movies to see 5 Sandra isn’t at drama club today. She might be/
might have been sick or she could be/could
Following the success of Pokémon TM

Go, there is now a movie called

have been on vacation, either is possible. The Yonaguni Monument
Pokémon Detective Pikachu, starring 6 Phoebe and Ben want to get a dog. Actually,
Ryan Reynolds. It’s a mystery movie they might get/might have gotten one already The Yonaguni Monument off the coast of Japan has
with a difference and it’s very because they were looking at pets yesterday. puzzled scientists. It is a collection of huge rocks under
         
ancient                     1 enjoyable and fun. As you’d expect, the sea. Why is it so curious? Some people think they
it has a comedy side too and there are 2 Complete the conversation with can’t, 1      
might be (be) a natural phenomenon, and maybe
4 5 6
lots of 2 funny moments. Twenty-one-year-old Tim’s could/might or must. they formed because of an earthquake. However,
father, Detective Harry Goodman, has disappeared. others think perhaps humans 2       (make)
Tim decides to find him and meets Pikachu. It’s That photo 1       must them – they believe it’s more likely because the lines of
be fake. Surely it isn’t real? some of the shapes are very precise. There are square
3 confusing because, unlike other humans, Tim can
understand Pikachu. Pikachu is his father’s old partner rocks and a star-shaped platform which they argue that
and the pair set off to find him. Things become really It is real! It’s a snapping turtle and it had an earthquake 3       (create) – it would have
4 exciting and tense when they end up in Ryme City, spent two weeks in the ground by a dry lake. been impossible. Professor Kimura has studied the
                             
a place where humans and Pokémon live together. rocks and because of this he is certain they
7 8 4       (be) man-made and they definitely
The combination of live action and animation is amazing Look at all that earth on its back, it 2       
I’ll always 5       (be) the result of an earthquake. He
and surprisingly, it wasn’t too 5 difficult to believe. be heavy! It definitely 3        go fast while
remember this!’
I won’t tell you how it ends, but it definitely isn’t it’s carrying that. Is it in England, do you think? thinks the monument is around 2,000 years old and
6 worse than expected! that people 6       (build) it above water
No, it 4       be England because those because they 7       (do) it underwater – it
     
1 entertaining 4       turtles don’t live there. It 5       be the would have been far too difficult. Another theory is
USA or it 6       be Canada, I’m not sure. that the monument 8       (be) evidence for
                    2       5      
the lost continent of Mu. There is one thing, however,
3       6      
2 Circle the correct option. I’m sure it 7       be hungry that everyone agrees on – the Yonaguni Monument is
after not eating for two weeks. unforgettable!
1 The movie was really awesome – I thought it 4 Answer the questions for you. Use
was inspiring/disappointing. some of the words from exercises 1–3.
Definitely!
2 The plot was based on facts and ordinary 1 What have you read, seen or heard recently 4 Complete the sentences about you.
situations – I totally believed it because it was that was thought-provoking? Why? 1 My best friend must have been delighted when
realistic/entertaining. .
3 The characters were curious/frightening 2 Do you like watching frightening movies? Why/ 2 Right now my parents might
people, very unusual and interesting. Why not? .
4 The book made me think about some important 3 Our teacher can’t have
ideas – it was really puzzling/thought-provoking. .
3 Do you prefer realistic or fantasy stories? Why?
5 The story is exciting and there’s a lot of action. 4 My friend definitely can’t
Don’t miss this thrilling/unbelievable movie! .
4 What’s the best movie you’ve ever seen? Why
6 I’ve never read anything like it before, it’s a 5 My classmates could have
did you like it?
really amusing/original story. .

20 Grammar reference and practice Resource center 21

 Vocabulary 3 3 Grammar

Adverbs of manner, place and time 4 Complete the text with the adverbs of Past perfect 4 Complete the second sentence so it means
place in the box. the same as the first. Use the words in parentheses.
1 Complete the table with the words and 1 Complete the sentences with the past 1 The movie started, then we arrived at the theater.
phrases in the box. along around everywhere perfect form of the verbs in parentheses. (after)
inside nearby outside there had already left
1 By the time I called Declan, he         
carefully during easily everywhere in 2018 We arrived at the theater after the movie
(leave) home.
just loudly outside over there slowly had started.
2 They saw the band yesterday, but
smoothly soon two weeks ago upstairs well Mystery foam in seaside town 2 I called Sarita. Someone told her the news before
       they        (see) them
Cleveleys is a town on the north-west coast of that. (already)
before?
England. When residents woke up one morning, When I .
Adverbs of Adverbs of Adverbs of they were surprised to find the town was covered in 3 We        (not read) the book before
manner place time watching the movie. 3 We finished lunch. We went out. (when)
a mysterious white foam. It looked like snow and it
slowly everywhere . Some people decided to stay
was 1        4        you        (work) with out.
2       their houses in case it was dangerous Parvati before you did your project together? 4 The grass was dead. It didn’t rain all summer.
and others ran 3       to look 4       5 I        already        (hear) (because)
the area and walk 5       the beach. Where did The grass .
about the competition when I saw the poster.
it come from? What was it? In the end, residents were
2 Write the adverb form of the words. told it was a combination of tiny pieces of seaweed (sea 6 Katerina went to Greece for the first time last 5 He spoke to an expert. It was too late. (by the time)
1 quiet quietly
       plants) and water, mixed up and carried onto the shore summer. She        (not go) there before. too late.
by strong winds. People who lived in towns 6 I saw an elephant for the first time in my life. (never)
2 beautiful        6       heard what had happened in Cleveleys 2 Circle the correct option.
3 bad        and drove 7       to see the foam! I .
1 They were/had been in trouble because they
4 good        didn’t do/hadn’t done their homework. 5 Complete the questions with the
5 happy        2 Someone already bought/had already bought simple past or past perfect form of the verbs in
6 enthusiastic        the jacket when I went/had gone back to the parentheses. Answer the questions for you.
7 terrible        store.
did you go (you / go) on vacation last
1 Where       
8 hard        3 We were/had been worried because we didn’t summer?        (you / go) there before?
study/hadn’t studied for the test.
3 Order the words. There may be more than 4 By the time they got/had gotten to the station,
2 What was the last movie you       (watch)?
one possibility. 5 Complete the sentences with an adverb the bus left/had left.
       (you / ever / see) it before?
1 slowly / wrote / she / her name of time. 5 I started/had started my project last week. By
She wrote her name slowly. / She slowly wrote later
1 ‘Will I see you        at the concert?’ then, I did/had done a lot of research.
3        (you / hear) of Sam Tai before
her name. ‘Yes, I’ll meet you there.’ 6 She never heard/had never heard a story like it
you        (read) the article about him?
2 It’s 6:00 am! It’s much too        . I’m in her life, so she was/had been surprised.
2 they / loudly / sang / very
not going to get up yet.
3 Complete the text with the correct form of 4 What        (you / do) this morning just
3 We don’t have to give our project in        .
3 listened to / I / carefully / the instructions the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple past before you        (come) to school?
It isn’t due until tomorrow.
or past perfect.
4 Someone has        broken the world
4 quickly / the / up / elevator / went record! It only happened an hour ago.
Imagine forgetting everything you Sam’s friends and social
5        the expedition, three explorers know – every day. A few months ago, media were a big help. Sam
5 he / played / well / the guitar / has got lost. 17-year-old Sam Tai 1 hurt (hurt) 8        (not remember)
6 I’ve        been to Brazil, but I’d love to his head playing rugby. He 2        what music he liked, but he
6 laughing / were / quietly / we go there one day. (seem) fine, but by the time he got could see his favorite bands on
home, he 3        (lose) nearly his profile. When his friends
6 Circle the correct option. Then answer all of his memory. Doctors 9        (message) him, he
4        (never see) anything could read past comments to find
the questions about you.
like it before. Sam had a rare condition out who they were.
1 What is the strangest thing you have called global amnesia. Each day he Before his accident, Sam
seen recently/recently seen? managed to relearn some things, but the 10        (hope) to finish
next morning when he 5        his studies at college or to
(wake up), he’d forgotten them again. compete in sports, but he didn’t
2 Do you usually solve puzzles slowly or fastly/fast?
Sam loved sports and, curiously, know what would happen.
although he 6        (forget) Fortunately, after a while he got his
3 Did you watch any mystery movies last year/yet? most other things, he 7        memory back and now he’s fine!
(not forget) his karate moves.

22 Grammar reference and practice Resource center 23

 Reading 3 3 Listening and Speaking

A magazine article A radio show Expressing certainty and doubt

Curiouser and curiouser 1 Read the radio show information. Would 1 Complete the table with the expressions in
We live in a strange and wonderful world. Check out these mysteries. you listen to this show? the box.

A The mystery of Eilean Mor I’m not certain that … I’m not really sure (that) …
How could three people suddenly disappear from a tiny remote Scottish island It’s clear that … It’s sure to … It’s unlikely that …
called Eilean Mor? Donald MacArthur, James Ducat and Thomas Marshall were I wonder if … Maybe … There’s no doubt that …
experienced lighthouse keepers working there. On December 15th 1900, a passing You definitely didn’t …
ship reported that the lighthouse wasn’t working. A substitute lighthouse keeper
tried to reach the island but was delayed until December 26th by bad weather. When
he arrived, he discovered that all three men had completely vanished. The lighthouse Expressing certainty Expressing doubt
8:10 pm Unsolved mysteries – in today’s episode
was clean, tidy and well maintained and work records done until mid-December.
we learn about the Nazca Lines in the desert in Peru. I wonder if …
Later, investigators thought a huge wave might have carried the men out to sea.
They are huge images of plants, animals, creatures
Another theory is that strong winds could have blown them over a cliff. Or did they
and geometric shapes which were created on the
try to leave the island, perhaps due to illness – or did someone make them leave?
ground by removing darker rocks. Recently scientists
To this day, nobody knows what happened.
have revealed new information about which species
of bird some images show – and there are some exotic 2 Circle the correct option.
B Beach walkers surprises.
1 Have you seen my glasses? I can’t find them.
In October, dozens of octopuses were seen on a beach in Wales – walking away a Perhaps they’re in your bag.
from the sea! Octopuses sometimes look for food in rock pools, and will move Subskill: Using key words to predict b I’m not absolutely certain.
from one pool to another in search of food, but they don’t go inland. Experts have Key words can help you predict what you might
come up with three possible reasons. One is that because octopus populations 2 Do you know how much the tickets are?
hear. Thinking about this helps you listen.
have increased significantly, the animals could be going further than normal a I’m not absolutely sure that the tickets are
to find food. Alternatively, recent storms might have moved the octopuses onto expensive.
land and they were trying to get back to the water. Another possibility is that the 2 6 Look at the underlined key words in
exercise 1. Do you think the statements are b No, but they were expensive last year, so
creatures were confused, due to old age. Luckily, after a few days it stopped, so
they’re sure to cost a lot.
octopuses can’t have learned to live on land! T (true) or F (false)? Then listen and check.
3 Will your parents let you go to the party?
1 The Nazca Lines were created by adding
light rocks to the surface. F a It’s unlikely, because it’s on a Tuesday night.
1 5Look at the photos and guess the Subskill: Guessing meaning
2 Most of the images in the Nazca Lines are b It’s clear that they will go.
answers. Then read and listen to the article Use different strategies to help you guess the small in size. 4 Did I put my book in my bag?
and check. meaning of unknown words.
3 Scientists know why the Nazca people a You definitely didn’t. It’s still on the table.
1 Story A took place recently/many years ago. created the drawings.
It happened on an island/the mainland. It is 3 Guess the meaning of the words in bold b I wonder if it’s in your bag.
4 The birds and animals in the images are 5 Will we find out the solution to the mystery in
about three people in a lighthouse/on a ship. in the text. Then match the words to the
local to the area. the final episode?
2 Story B took place recently/many years ago. definitions below.
a You definitely didn’t solve the mystery.
It happened on a beach/in the sea. It is about inland
1 in a direction away from the coast        3 Listen again and answer the questions.
some people/creatures. 2 disappeared        b It’s clear that we’ll find out who committed
For question 5, give your own opinion.
the crime.
3 lots of things or people       
2 Read the articles again. Are the 1 Did Maya listen to the radio show?
sentences T (true) or F (false)? 4 in a good condition        No, she didn’t. Daniel listened to it. 3 Read the task and then write a short
1 The three lighthouse keepers were new at 5 someone who does someone 2 How long ago were the images created? dialogue. Remember to include expressions for
the job. F else’s job temporarily        expressing certainty and doubt.
2 The lighthouse was in a terrible state when 6 done later than expected        3 When do the researchers think people might
Your friend found a set of keys.
the substitute arrived. 7 in a way that is easily noticeable        have seen the hermit birds?
Write a short dialogue where you
3 We now know for sure what happened to
the three lighthouse keepers. 4 Answer the questions with your own discuss who they could belong to.
4 Why does Daniel think the things in the images
ideas.
4 Octopuses never leave the sea normally. must have been important to the Nazca people?
1 What do you think are the solutions to the two
5 Experts think it’s possible the octopuses
mysteries?
were trying to find something to eat. 5 ‘Scientists will eventually solve all mysteries
6 Experts believe that octopuses have from the past.’ Do you agree?
adapted to live on land.
2 What’s the best way to investigate a mystery?

24 25
 Writing 3
Look what you know! 3
A narrative
Vocabulary review Grammar review ROUND-UP
1 Replace the underlined words with an
extreme adjective from the box. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Extreme and descriptive adjectives Modal verbs of deduction and
ancient delighted exhausted freezing huge Read the article and circle the correct option.
speculation
1 Complete the sentences. The first letters are
1 When Lucy finally appeared again, we were Why do we sleep?
delighted
really happy to see her.       
given. 1 Complete the text with present and past modal
verbs and the correct form of the verbs in
2 Lucy looked very tired, as if she had walked a
long way.        Aurora parentheses.

3 She was pulling a bag that was very big and

heavy.       
Rising Two mysteries We spend around a third of our lives sleeping, but not all
4 Inside was a(n) very old book and when I touched Amelia Earhart was the living things need to sleep – so why do we? Scientists 1 have
Written by Amie Kaufman and Jay Kristoff, this is
it, it was very cold.               first woman to fly alone researched/have been researching this question for many
nforgettable
an 1 u        and 2 o      story –
across the Atlantic. In years and still haven’t found a complete answer. Sleep is the
I’ve never read anything like it before. Although it’s
2 Complete the paragraph with the words set in the future, the story is totally
1937, while she was trying
to fly around the world,
time 2 where/when our bodies repair 3 itself/themselves.
In one study, researchers found that after people 4 sleep/
in the box. 3 r      and the world is very believable.
her plane disappeared. had slept they performed better in memory tests. They
Things are going well for Tyler Jones: he’s the
might have landed
Why? One theory is that she 1             5 also showed/had also showed that our experiences aren’t
a few minutes after amazing inside might best student at Aurora Academy and he’s about
(land) on a remote island somewhere, or perhaps she immediately stored in our memories and that we need to sleep
must have quietly slowly then to get his dream job. Then, one night he sees a
2           (turn back). However, nothing for that to happen. It 6 could/must be that dreams are part
spaceship that’s been missing for over 200 years
was ever found at any of the possible locations, so she of the process, but we don’t know yet. We do know, however,
and rescues a human girl, Auri, from it. As a
3           (do) either of those things. that people 7 whose/who don’t sleep enough find it harder
1      
After I had recovered from my surprise, result, Tyler ends up with an 4 a     
Other people think that she assumed a new identity to learn and to remember. If people 8 haven’t slept/haven’t
crew – the very worst students. There are some
I turned 2       to Olga. ‘Where have you been?’ and that she 4           (be) a woman been sleeping well for a time, then their attention span and
5 f      parts (I was scared!) as well
I whispered 3       . ‘We were so worried! We called Irene Bolam, but researchers proved that this was focus get worse. I did worse in an exam after two nights of
as 6 a      parts that will make you
thought something terrible 4       happened to impossible. Nobody knows for sure what happened. staying up late studying – it 9 must be/must have been
laugh. It’s an enjoyable and 7 en      story
you!’ ‘I’ve had the most 5       adventure!’ Olga The Big Grey Man is a creature that is said to live on because I 10 didn’t sleep/hadn’t slept enough. It certainly
and I’m happy – 8 d      actually – that
cried, hugging me tightly. ‘When I went 6       Ben Macdui, a mountain in Scotland. Various witnesses 11 can’t be/couldn’t have been easy if you have insomnia.
I read it. It made me think, so it’s definitely
the cave, I wasn’t expecting to find anything, but say it is about three meters tall and human-shaped, Unfortunately, we can’t just sleep longer one day. Regular
9 t     -      . I’d recommend it to
7       I heard a noise. At first, I thought it so it definitely 5           (be) a bear. sleep habits, 12 which/when mean going to sleep and waking
people who want a 10 c      story that is
Psychologists have a theory – they think witnesses up at the same time every day, are the solution.
8       be my imagination. I waited for 9       , 11 th      and full of excitement.
and then I heard it again.’
6           (imagine) it because they
were exhausted.
3 SELF-EVALUATION
3 Continue and finish the story in Adverbs of manner, place and time Past perfect Read the objectives for this unit.
exercise 2. How well can you do each one?
2 Complete the sentences with words in the box. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form
There are two extra words. 1 I can use descriptive and
of the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple extreme adjectives.
CREATIVITY
already carefully ever in 2010 inside
past or past perfect.
2 I can use adverbs of manner,
quickly terribly there yet 1 I       
missed (miss) the bus and by the time place and time.
Using a variety of creative thinking I        (arrive) at school, my first class
arrived
techniques 3 I can use modal verbs of
1 I was born       
in 2010 . had started (start).
      
Circle the correct option. deduction and speculation.
2 Paula        put the ancient book in her 2 Elif        (go) to bed late the night
1  et’s/Why don’t decide when we’re going
L 4 I can use the past perfect.
bag so she didn’t damage it. before so she        (be) tired yesterday.
to film the scene. 5 I can guess the meaning of
3 The school I told you about is over 3 We        (invite) Paul to the movies,
2 Who wants to/What about film it? unknown vocabulary.
       , across from the library. but he        already        (see)
3 I’ll/You’ll do it if you want. I have a camera. the movie, so he        (not come). 6 I can use key words to predict
4 He did his homework very        , it when listening.
4 Why don’t we/How about ask someone only took ten minutes. 4 I        (not see) my sister this morning
else to film it? because she        (leave) the house 7 I can express certainty and doubt.
5 We’ve        told the authorities about
5 What about/Who’s going to take each part? before I        (get up). 8 I can write a narrative and make
our discovery, but they haven’t taken any
5 They        (see) a strange figure in my writing interesting.
6  hy don’t we/What about having a quick
W action        .
break and then deciding? the distance. They        (never see) If you choose , ask your teacher for extra help.
6 Let’s go        – it’s too cold out here.
anything like it before.

26 Grammar reference and practice Resource center 27