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Mini Dictionary V in Psystats

M

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9 views5 pages

Mini Dictionary V in Psystats

M

Uploaded by

ashtoninakiliamzon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MINI

DICTIONARY
in MODULE V

Name: Liamzon, Ashton Iñaki F.


Section: BSP 1-F
Normal Distribution/Divergence from Normality
1. Normal Distribution- Normal distribution, also known as the Gaussian distribution, is a
probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean
are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean. In graph form, normal
distribution will appear as a bell curve. It is also the most common distribution function for
independent, randomly generated variables. Its familiar bell-shaped curve is ubiquitous in
statistical reports, from survey analysis and quality control to resource allocation.

2. Standard Normal Distribution- The table for areas under the normal curve should be
constructed based on its mean (𝝁) and standard deviation (𝝈). The normal distribution is
then converted to standardized normal distribution whereby its original measurements in
the x-scale are converted to Z-score

3. Z-score- measures how many standard deviations a particular value is above or below the
mean.

4. Formula to get the Z-score-

5. Areas under the Normal Curve-

6. Areas under the One-Tailed Standard Normal Curve (Z-table)-


7. steps in finding the area with use of z-table-
1. Draw the normal curve.

2. Shade the required region


3. Use the table to get the area.

a. The entries in the leftmost column are the Z’s in one decimal places from 0.0 to 3.9

b. The entries on the top represents the column are the hundredth’s place in the z-score

4. Problems in finding the area can be stated in two forms as enumerated below.

a. Find the area to the right of Z =0 can be written as


P(Z≥0), read as “The probability that
Z will take the value greater than or equal to zero.

b. Find the area to the left of Z =0 can be written as


P(Z≤0), read as “The probability that Z
will take the value less than or equal to zero.
c. Find the area from Z = -2.41 to Z = 1.98 can be written

8. Formula of Quartile Deviation - You should first get the Q1 and Q3 (Qi=i(n+1)÷4), and
then get the difference of Q3 and Q1, or simply Q = 𝑸𝟑− 𝑸𝟏÷4.

9. Divergence- divergence is a function that takes two probability distributions as input, and
returns a number that measures how much they differ. The number returned must be non-
negative, and equal to zero if and only if the two distributions are identical.

10. Skewness (Sk)- Skewness is the lack of symmetry in a distribution. It refers to the
degree of symmetry and asymmetry of a distribution. A distribution is skewed to the left if
the mean is less than its median. The bulk of the distribution is on the right. This is
otherwise known as negatively skewed.A distribution is skewed to the right if the mean is
greater than its median. The bulk of the distribution is to the left. This is otherwise known
as positively skewed.

11. Formula of Skewness-

Take note that if:


• Sk = 0, the distribution is normal
• Sk < 0, the distribution is skewed to the left
• Sk > 0, The distribution is skewed to the right

12. Kurtosis (K)- Kurtosis is the is peakedness or flatness of a distribution

13. Mesokurtic- mesokurtic is a normal distribution.

14. Leptokurtic- leptokurtic is more peaked than a normal distribution. The curve is highly
peaked and the scores are certainly concentrated on a very narrow range.
15. Platykurtic- platykurtic is flatter than the normal distribution. The curve is lower than
the normal distribution and is a relatively flat distribution.

16. Formula for Kurtosis (K)-

17. Bell-shaped- A curve that resembles a cross-section of a bell; therefore, it is symmetrical.


Such curves typically represent continuous frequency distributions. A bell curve is a
common type of distribution for a variable, also known as the normal distribution.

18. Normal Curve- The normal curve is the most prominent probability distribution model
used in statistics and psychometrics.
19. Asymptotic Tail- Asymptotic means that the tails of the distribution never intersect with
the X axis i. Important because it means that it is possible for even very extreme values to
occur by chance, at least in theory.

20. Region- For a hypothesis test, a researcher collects sample data. From the sample data,
the researcher computes a test statistic. If the statistic falls within a specified range of
values, the researcher cannot reject the null hypothesis. That range of values is called the
region of acceptance.

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