Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Factorize quadratic expressions and solve quadratic equations.
2. Apply the quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations. 3. Differentiate between solving by factorization and using the quadratic formula. 4. Understand and use the discriminant to determine the nature of roots. 5. Relate solutions to real-world applications.
Instructional Materials:
Textbooks: A Complete Mathematics Course Volumes 1 & 2 by Raymond Toolsie
(suggested pages and exercises below) Whiteboard and markers Graph paper Calculators Handouts with practice problems Algebra tiles (optional for visualization)
Lesson Breakdown
Day 1: Solving Quadratic Equations through Factorization
Duration: 80 minutes
1. Introduction to Factorization (10 minutes)
o Recap previous lessons on factorizing quadratic expressions. o Introduce solving quadratic equations by equating the factorized form to zero.
Guided Discovery: o Engage students in finding two numbers that multiply to the constant term and add to the middle term. 2. Explaining Factorization Method (20 minutes) o Walk students through solving quadratic equations by factorization. o Use different examples, increasing complexity:
2 x −9=0 2 2 x +3 x−2=0
Suggested Exercises:
o Volume 1 by R. Toolsie, Exercise 8c, Page 285.
3. Class Activity (25 minutes) o In pairs, students will solve problems using factorization. o Use algebra tiles for visual learners to represent quadratic expressions. o Provide feedback and differentiate based on skill level: Advanced students solve equations with coefficients other than 1. Students needing more support work with simpler equations. 4. Class Discussion and Reflection (15 minutes) o Discuss common mistakes in factorization and solving quadratic equations. o Encourage students to explain their process. 5. Homework Assignment (10 minutes) o Assign problems from A Complete Mathematics Course Volume 1, Exercise 8f, Page 290.
Day 2: Introduction to the Quadratic Formula
Duration: 80 minutes
1. Introduction and Warm-up (10 minutes)
o Review homework and recap solving by factorization. o Pose the question: What if we cannot factorize a quadratic expression? 2. Guided Discovery of the Quadratic Formula (30 minutes) Suggested Exercises:
o Volume 2 by R. Toolsie, Exercise 10b, Page 175.
3. Class Practice (30 minutes) o Students individually solve quadratic equations using the formula. o Differentiated learning: Stronger students explore problems with irrational and complex roots. Students needing more help will practice with simpler, integer-based equations. 4. Q&A and Summary (10 minutes) o Discuss the significance of the discriminant and its role in determining the nature of the roots. 5. Homework: o Assign problems from A Complete Mathematics Course Volume 2, Exercise 10c, Page 180.
Day 3: Comparing Factorization and Quadratic Formula
Duration: 80 minutes
1. Warm-up (10 minutes)
o Quick revision of both methods: factorization and the quadratic formula. o Have students identify which method to use based on given equations. 2. Interactive Group Activity (25 minutes) o In groups, students will solve a set of quadratic equations, choosing either factorization or the quadratic formula. o Encourage peer teaching: stronger students explain their choices and processes.
Suggested Exercises:
o Volume 1 by R. Toolsie, Exercise 8g, Page 295 (Factorization).
o Volume 2 by R. Toolsie, Exercise 10d, Page 185 (Quadratic Formula). 3. Real-World Applications (20 minutes) o Discuss real-life scenarios involving quadratic equations (e.g., projectile motion, area optimization). o Guide students through solving these applied problems using both methods. 4. Summative Assessment and Reflection (15 minutes) o Short quiz on both solving methods. o Reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Evaluation
1. Formative Assessment: o Monitor student participation and problem-solving during class activities. o Provide individual feedback and assistance. 2. Summative Assessment: o End of lesson quiz assessing both factorization and the quadratic formula. 3. Homework Review: o Review homework from Day 2 at the start of Day 3 to reinforce key concepts.
