Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Cambridge O Level
Arabic 3180
For examination from 2020
Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2022 v1
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Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................4
Question 1.........................................................................................................................................................................6
Example Candidate Response – high..............................................................................................................................6
Example Candidate Response – middle..........................................................................................................................8
Example Candidate Response – low..............................................................................................................................10
Question 2(b)..................................................................................................................................................................13
Example Candidate Response – high............................................................................................................................13
Example Candidate Response – middle.........................................................................................................................17
Example Candidate Response – low..............................................................................................................................20
Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Introduction
The main aim of this booklet is to exemplify standards for those teaching Cambridge O Level Arabic 3180, and to
show how different levels of candidates’ performance (high, middle and low) relate to the subject’s curriculum and
assessment objectives.
In this booklet, candidate responses have been chosen from the November 2020 series to exemplify a range of
answers.
For each question, the response is annotated with a clear explanation of where and why marks were awarded or
omitted. This is followed by examiner comments on how the answer could have been improved. In this way, it is
possible for you to understand what candidates have done to gain their marks and what they could do to improve their
answers. There is also a list of common mistakes candidates made in their answers for each question.
This document provides illustrative examples of candidate work with examiner commentary. These help teachers
to assess the standard required to achieve marks beyond the guidance of the mark scheme. Therefore, in some
circumstances, such as where exact answers are required, there will not be much comment
The questions and mark schemes used here are available to download from the School Support Hub. These files are:

November 2020 Question Paper 1

November 2020 Mark Scheme 1

Past exam resources and other teaching and learning resources are available on the School Support Hub:
www.cambridgeinternational.org/support

4
Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

How to use this booklet

This booklet goes through the paper one question at a time, showing you the high-, middle- and low-level response for
each question. The candidate answers are set in a table. In the left-hand column are the candidate answers, and in
the right-hand column are the examiner comments.

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 The candidate starts well

with the address and appropriate
1 greeting format.

2 The candidate’s introduction

to the topic is very good. It links
events from the past into the
current main event, which is the
birthday. The candidate uses a
variety of structures, with good
2
choice of vocabulary, good
punctuation and no spelling or
grammatical errors.
Examiner comments are
Answers are by real candidates in exam alongside the answers. These
conditions. These show you the types of answers for explain where and why marks
each level. Discuss and analyse the answers with your were awarded. This helps you
learners in the classroom to improve their skills. to interpret the standard of
Cambridge exams so you can
help your learners to refine their
exam technique.

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate could have improved the writing style by applying some punctuation marks correctly (see comments
2 and 3).
• The candidate could have improved by the correct applicationThis section
of the explains
emphatic how‘‫َق‬the
particle candidate
‫( ’د‬may) could(see
in context
comment 3). have improved each answer. This helps you to
interpret the standard of Cambridge exams and
helps your learners to refine their exam technique.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Subject-verb agreement errors: ‫ الحفلة کان جمیلة‬،‫ الناس یأکلو‬،‫ذهبوا أمی و أبی إلی السوق‬
• Use of verbal nouns ‫ ال َمصدر‬in context: ‫ قمت بإصراخ‬for ‫قمت بالصراخ‬
• Not using the accusative case for the predicate after ‫ کان‬and its sisters: ‫کان ُمتعب‬
• Wrong application of the definite article with ‘idaf’ phrases: ‫ الشرب الماء‬،‫العید میالد‬
• The use of incorrect prepositions after verbs: ‫ اتصلنا مع النجدة‬،‫ذهبنا علی الرحلة‬
• Use of colloquial words and expressions: ‫ أنا و عیلتي‬،‫ ماشي الحال‬،‫ ِجبت معي‬،‫ أقلک‬،‫شتریلک‬
• Adding the feminine ‘taa’ to the end of verbs: ُ‫ أکلة‬،‫ ذهبنة‬،‫نجحة الحفلة‬
• Many misspelled the words ‘gifts’ and ‘balloons’: ‫ هدایة‬instead of ‫ هدایا‬and ‫ باللین‬instead of ‫بالونات‬
Lists the common mistakes candidates made
Often candidates were not in answering each question. This will help your
awarded marks because they misread or learners to avoid these mistakes and give them the
misinterpreted the questions. best chance of achieving the available marks.

5
Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Question 1

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 The candidate starts well

with the address and appropriate
greeting format.

2 The candidate’s introduction

1 to the topic is very good. It links
events from the past into the current
main event, which is the birthday.
The candidate uses a variety of
structures, with good choice of
vocabulary, good punctuation and
no spelling or grammatical errors.
2
The candidate uses the superlative
form of adjectives accurately:
.‫و من اهم هذه االحداث‬

The candidate uses the comma

instead of a full stop.

3 The candidate starts describing

3 the arrangements for the birthday
party and the atmosphere during
the celebration. The vocabulary is
very appropriate, and the candidate
uses complex structures effectively.

The candidate makes a very minor

spelling error in the attached
pronoun, referring to the dress.

Also, the candidate uses the

comma instead of full stop and
delivers the topic in thematic
paragraphs that make the topic
coherent.

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

4 4 Here, the candidate describes

the food and drink at the party and
the family’s role in the preparations.

The candidate demonstrates

good use of the broken plurals,
non-human plurals and adjective
5 agreement together with the
contrastive particle. The candidate
uses ‫ قد‬twice, which serves for
emphasis where the first one with
the connector is sufficient.

5 The candidate concludes

the topic very well by describing
6 the happy atmosphere as well as
singing and cutting the cake.

The candidate employs the adverb

ً ‫ أخیرا‬in the conclusion to make the
7 topic coherent.

The candidate demonstrates very

good command of grammar, using
correct tenses, verbal nouns and
relative pronouns.

6 Here, the candidate ends the

letter with an appropriate format,
including a signature.

7 Overall, the candidate

addresses the task in all its
constituent parts. The candidate
uses appropriate vocabulary, some
of which is of high standard for the
topic.

The candidate demonstrates

very good understanding of letter
writing style, evident in thematic
paragraphs and enhanced with
good grammatical structures and
linking particles.

Total mark awarded =

14 out of 15

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate could have improved the writing style by applying some punctuation marks correctly (see comments
2 and 3).
• Using the correct application of the emphatic particle ‫( قد‬may) in context (see comment 3).

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 The candidate introduces the

topic well, with appropriate greeting
and establishing the context. There
are minor spelling errors in missing
the ‘hamzah’ associated with the
‘‘alif’.

2 In this paragraph, the candidate

1
describes the birthday event and the
various activities. The vocabulary
is appropriate to the context, and
2 the language is appropriate to the
level. The candidate expresses
feelings about the party. The
candidate consistently misses the
use of ‘hamzah’. There is evidence
of a variety of structures, but there
are minor and major grammatical
errors: incorrect conjugation of the
verb before a plural subject (line
1), incorrect use of the 2nd person
3 plural ending in the past tense (lines
1, 2 and 3), not using the accusative
case after ‫( کان‬line 5), and
misapplication of the ‘idafa’ phrase
by incorrectly adding the definite
article to the first noun (line 1).

3 The candidate provides a good

conclusion. The conclusion is brief,
but it contains spelling errors as well
as major grammatical errors: using
the feminine demonstrative instead
of the masculine and misapplying
the superlative form by using the
definite article with the second noun
following the comparative adjective.

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

4 The candidate is aware of the

letter writing format, and organises
4
the topic into an introduction,
presentation and conclusion. The
vocabulary is appropriate to the
level, and the candidate adheres
to the word count. Performance
could have been better if it was not
for the spelling and grammatical
errors across the piece: consistent
missing of the ‘hamzah’, incorrect
use of the second person plural
form in the past tense, incorrect use
of ‘idafa’ phrases, incorrect use of
the accusative case after ‫ کان‬and
incorrect use of the superlative form
of adjectives.

Total mark awarded =

8 out of 15

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• More marks would have been awarded if it was not for the spelling errors and grammatical errors.
• The candidate should have used the ‘hamzah’ associated with the ‘‘alif’ (see comments 1, 2 and 3). Also, they used
the feminine ‘taa’ instead of ‘‘alif’ at the end of the first-person plural verbs (see comment 2).
• The use of ‘idafa’ phrases was incorrect. The candidate added the definite article to the first noun (see comment 2).
• The candidate did not use of the accusative case after ‫( کان‬see comment 2).
• The candidate should have used the superlative form of adjectives correctly (see comment 3).
• The candidate should have used the demonstratives correctly (see comment 3).

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 The candidate introduces the

1 topic in the first two lines and uses
the correct format of starting a letter.
There is no separation between the
introduction and the details of the
birthday party.

The candidate describes the party

and activities, uses appropriate
vocabulary and good expressions
of feelings. There are several
spelling mistakes as well as some
grammatical errors. The candidate
uses the ‘‘alif’ instead of ‘taa’
marbuuta’ and applies the ‘‘alif’
instead of ‘fatHa’.

The candidate uses the tenses

correctly, but in some places, no
punctuation marks are visible: e.g.
line 9:
.... ‫بعد سعتین من المرح المتعب‬

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

2 The candidate continues to

describe another activity (learning
how to drive). Here, the description
2
contains spelling mistakes, mainly
the use of ‘‘alif’ instead of ‘fatHa’
in verbs, comparative ‫ لکن‬and the
demonstrative ‫ ذالک‬as well as using
the letter ‘n’ instead of ‘nunnation’ in
adverbs such as ً ‫ایضا‬.

The candidate also misses the use

of the accusative case after ‫کان‬.

3 3 The candidate uses a good

conclusion, but it contains a few
spelling mistakes: missing the
‘hamzah’ associated with the
‘‘alif’, missing the feminine ‘t’ (taa’
marbutt) in one phrase
(‫ )حیا طیبا و سعیدا‬and using the letter
‘n’ instead of ‘nunnation’ for two
adverbs (‫ کثیر‬and ‫)شکران‬.
4
4 The candidate understands
the structure of letter writing and
tries to implement it in the form
of an introduction, description
and conclusion. The language
is appropriate to the level with
appropriate vocabulary and correct
use of the tenses.

The candidate fulfils the task’s

requirements. Performance could
have been much better if it was
not for the many spelling mistakes
as well as some minor and major
grammatical errors.

Total mark awarded =

5 out of 15

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The answer would have been improved if it was not for many spelling mistakes as well as minior and major
grammatical errors.
• The candidate used the ‘‘alif’ instead of ‘taa’ marbuuta’ as well as the ‘‘alif’ instead of ‘fatHa’.
• The candidate did not use appropriate punctuation marks in some places (see comment 1, line 9).
• The candidate did not use the accusative case after ‫( کان‬see comment 2).

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Subject-verb agreement errors: ‫ الحفلة کان جمیلة‬،‫ الناس یأکلو‬،‫ذهبوا أمی و أبی إلی السوق‬
• Use of verbal nouns ‫ ال َمصدر‬in context: ‫ قمت بإصراخ‬for ‫قمت بالصراخ‬
• Not using the accusative case for the predicate after ‫ کان‬and its sisters: ‫کان ُمتعب‬
• Wrong application of the definite article with ‘idaf’ phrases: ‫ الشرب الماء‬،‫العید میالد‬
• The use of incorrect prepositions after verbs: ‫ اتصلنا مع النجدة‬،‫ذهبنا علی الرحلة‬
• Use of colloquial words and expressions: ‫ أنا و عیلتي‬،‫ ماشي الحال‬،‫ ِجبت معي‬،‫ أقلک‬،‫شتریلک‬
• Adding the feminine ‘taa’ to the end of verbs: ُ‫ أکلة‬،‫ ذهبنة‬،‫نجحة الحفلة‬
• Many misspelled the words ‘gifts’ and ‘balloons’: ‫ هدایة‬instead of ‫ هدایا‬and ‫ باللین‬instead of ‫بالونات‬
• Combining the present with the past: ‫ نراینا (رأینا)آ‬،) ُ‫أکتبتُ (أکتب‬
• Not using ‘hamzah’ associated with ‘‘alif’ in verb, nouns and personal pronouns: ‫ اخبرک‬،‫ انا‬،‫اهلي‬

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Question 2(b)

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 The candidate sets the scene

1 very briefly in the introductory
paragraph. The vocabulary and
language are appropriate, but the
candidate makes spelling and
grammatical errors in not using
the ‘hamzah’ with the ‘‘alif’ and the
misapplication of negating verb ‫کان‬
2
in the past tense.

2 The candidate describes

the preparation for the trip and
immediately establishes the issue
at hand, in preparation for narrating
the events. The candidate uses the
correct tenses and a good variety
of structures, some of which are
complex.

In this paragraph, the candidate

makes some spelling mistakes, but
these do not impede understanding.
The candidate consistently misses
the use of ‘hamzah’ with the ‘‘alif’.

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

3 3 In this paragraph, the candidate

narrates the problem and the
feelings about it and about the
whole trip so far.

The candidate demonstrates good

command of the language by
using the correct tenses, correct
application of the subjunctive mood,
and some complex structures.

The candidate makes two spelling

errors, particularly when it involves
4 the use of ‘hamzah’ with verbs,
such as ‘‫ ’بداین‬and its derivative form
(‫)بدایة و بدأنا‬.

The candidate also uses the wrong

verbal noun form of the verb ‘he
camped’. Instead of using a pattern
2 verbal noun, the candidate uses
a pattern 5 verbal noun. There is
another grammatical error in using
the verb ‘we bring them’. Instead of
using the dual form of the attached
pronoun, the candidate uses the
plural form.

4 The candidate continues with

narrating the events, giving an
implicit concern about the place.

The candidate demonstrates good

command of the tenses and applies
some linking of words/phrases to
make the structure stronger.

The structure of this paragraph

could be better if the candidate
applied some connectors, such as
‫ َو‬،‫ حیث‬and ّ‫ثم‬.
Apart from two errors in the
application of the ‘hamzah’,
the candidate uses the wrong
preposition after the verb ‘it is far
from’.

14
Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

5 Here, the candidate informs

5 the reader of the problem which is
ending the trip prematurely. The
candidate employs good structural
sentences to express feelings
about the impact of the news.
The candidate uses exclamatory
structures effectively:
.‫یا لیتنا ما نزلنا من الحافلة‬
However, the candidate uses a
full stop instead of an exclamation
mark.

In addition, the candidate repeats

the phrase ‫ من الحافلة‬twice in close
proximity, instead of using a
replacement pronoun for the second
occurrence.

When expressing feelings of being

‫ مکسورین القلب‬due to the bad news,
the candidate uses an ‘idafa’
phrase, but includes the plural ‘n’ in
the first noun instead of deleting it.

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

6 6 The candidate concludes

the topic by presenting different
feelings. Here, the candidate makes
a very basic grammatical mistake
applying the feminine form of the
demonstrative ‫ هذه‬instead of the
7
masculine form. Also, the candidate
applies the ‘absolute object’
incorrectly.

7 The performance of the

candidate is very good overall. The
candidate divides his narrative topic
into thematic paragraphs, including
a good introduction, presentation
and conclusion.

The vocabulary is appropriate to

the topic, and the candidate uses
a variety of good grammatical
structures effectively most of the
time.

The candidate employs good style

throughout, creating in places a
sense of suspense and anticipation.
This demonstrates that the
candidate is aware of the elements
of the narrative style.

Total mark awarded =

22 out of 30

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The answer would have been improved if the candidate had made fewer spelling mistakes.
• The candidate should have made better implementation of punctuation marks and connecting particles within and
across paragraphs to make the writing topic more coherent (see comment 4).
• As for grammar, correct use of the dual form and correct use of ‘idafa’ phrases in the plural form could have
improved the answer (see comments 3 and 5).

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 The candidate introduces

their feeling about the trip and
immediately sets the scene
of suspense and anticipation
1
effectively, by using the phrase
‫تتحول الی کابوس‬. There are spelling
mistakes in missing the ‘hamzah’,
and this is the case across the
piece of writing. Also, the candidate
makes two spelling mistakes.
2
2 Here, the candidate starts
with narrating the first event and
the issue at hand. The language is
very appropriate to the scene, but
it contains spelling errors, mainly in
the use of shortened ‘‘alif’ instead of
‘‘alif’ at the end of verbs, missing the
dots for feminine ‘taa’ and missing
the ‘hamzah’ associated with the
‘‘alif’. In addition, the candidate uses
colloquial words in this paragraph.

The candidate uses appropriate

grammatical structures with a good
degree of accuracy, with minor error
in the use of the preposition after
the verbal noun ‫ بالتصال علی‬on the 6th
line.

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

3 The candidate narrates in detail

3 the issue at hand and uses effective
language, good connectors, and a
figure of speech
.‫کان الشمس حاذقه ندا و کانها تلتهم اجسادنا‬
The candidate sometimes uses
the comma instead of the full stop,
as on the 3rd line. The candidate
makes a few spelling errors. There
are also some colloquial words.

4 4 The candidate writes a good

conclusion, expressing feelings
and offering reflections. In this
paragraph, the language is
accurate, except for errors in using
5
the comma instead of full stop (2nd
line) or not using either (3rd line)
in addition to misapplication of the
genitive case in the plural form and
an awkward structure:
‫( کنّا سوف نکون‬i.e. using the wrong
future particle).

5 The candidate’s performance

is good overall. There is good
understanding of the narrative style,
with an introduction, presentation
and a conclusion.

The language is mostly accurate

with a good range of vocabulary,
but there are many spelling errors
and the use of colloquial words.
The candidate uses punctuation
marks correctly most of the time,
but they are missed occasionally, or
the wrong punctuation mark is used
(comma instead of full stop).

Within the paragraphs, the

candidate employs good connectors
and uses them effectively.

Total mark awarded =

18 out of 30

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The answer could have been improved if it was not for the many spelling mistakes.
• The candidate did not use the ‘hamzah’ associated with the ‘‘alif’ (see comment 1).
• The candidate did not use the dots over the feminine ‘taa’ (see comment 2).
• The candidate used colloquial words in a few places (see comments 2 and 3).
• The answer could have been improved through the correct use of punctuation marks in some places (candidate
used the comma instead of full stop). In other places, the candidate did not use any punctuation (see comment 4).

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 The candidate starts with

a weak introduction. They use
the right vocabulary, but the
introduction has several spelling
1 and grammatical errors in addition
to the use of colloquial words.
The candidate combines the
present and past tense in the same
verb: ‫وأکنت مع‬.

Also, the candidate makes errors in

the use of ‘idafa’ phrases ‫الماء الشرب‬.
2
2 The candidate resumes the
narration of events, but without
appropriate linking between the first
and second paragraphs.
The meaning is there, but due to
the many spelling and grammatical
errors, one needs to read closely
to establish the intended meaning
(line 9).

The candidate does not use the

tenses correctly (using the present
instead of the past) and makes
errors in the conjugation of the past
tense.

The candidate uses colloquial

words, and this is persistent across
the piece.

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

3 The candidate narrates the

3 events of the following day, but with
no link to the previous paragraph.
The candidate consistently uses
the present tense instead of the
past, and the conjugation of some
of these verbs is wrong. There
are many spelling mistakes, and
part of this paragraph (lines 9–13)
contains some ambiguity, and one
cannot discern meaning easily (no
connection between stating that
many liked this trip and the sudden
shift to mentioning the hospital in
order to treat those who were on the
trip). The candidate does not use
any punctuation marks throughout
the piece, except for a full stop at
the end of each paragraph. There is
hardly any phrase without either a
spelling error or a grammatical error
or the use of colloquial language.

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

4 The candidate has a good

4 range of vocabulary for the topic.
The candidate has some sense of
style and organisation, but parts of
the writing piece are obscure. The
piece contains too many spelling
and grammatical errors which
make hard to follow in places.
The candidate hardly uses any
punctuation marks, which adds
some difficulty in following the
sequence of events.

The candidate could have done

better by minimising the spelling
and grammatical errors, particularly
in applying the correct tenses,
correct use of ‘idafa’ phrases, and
eliminating the use of colloquial
words.

Also, the candidate could have

done better if the writing piece
contained a variety of linking words/
phrases within and across the
paragraphs. The candidate mostly
used the conjunction ‫و‬.

Total mark awarded =

4 out of 30

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Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The answer would have been improved if there were not many spelling and grammatical mistakes throughout,
which made the meaning hard to follow in places (see comment 2).
• The candidate should have used punctuation mark which made following the sequence of events difficult to some
extent.
• The candidate should have used the tenses correctly. They used the present instead of the past; and, in some
cases, combined the present and past tenses conjugation in the same verb (see comments 1, 2 and 3).
• There were cases of incorrect application of ‘idafa’ phrases (see comment 1).
• The candidate’s performance could have been enhanced if the writing piece contained a variety of linking words/
phrases within and across the paragraphs. The candidate mostly used the conjunction ‘and’.
• There were parts in the writing where meaning was hard to discern (see comment 3, lines 9–13).
• The candidate should not have used colloquial words.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Incorrect use of ‘nunnation’ with adverbs: ً ‫ عادتا‬، ً ‫خاصتا‬
• Use of the letter ‘n’ instead of ‘tanwiin’ for adverbs: (ً‫ خاصتن (خاصة‬، )ً‫سن (دامسا‬ َ ِ‫کان الظالم دام‬
• Incorrect adjoining the prepositions with the definite article:
)‫ بل اختبارات (باالختبارات‬،)‫ فالكثير (في الكثير‬،‫ بي سبب الحشرات‬،‫ أصيبو بي الخوف‬،‫ بي الباص‬،)‫ بل قلم (بالقلم‬،)‫فلعلم (في العلم‬
• Using emphatic letters instead of non-emphatic and vice versa: ‫ سوط‬،‫ یسطیقظو‬،‫ أنقظتنا‬،‫لم تصطتع النوم‬
• Adding the ‘‘alif’ to demonstratives and comparative particles and adjectives: ‫ أجمال (جمل)ا‬،‫ ذالک‬،‫ الکن‬،‫هاذا‬
• In a good number of cases, no use of the glottal stop (‘hamzah’) with the ‘‘alif’ as well as writing shortened ‘‘alif’ ‫ى‬
instead of ‫ي‬.
• Using ‘fatHa’ or final ‘h’ in past tense verbs for the 1st person plural: ‫ وجدنه‬، َ‫فتحن‬
• Incorrect use of ‘idafa’ phrases: ‫الشرب الماء‬
• Incorrect use of ‘idafa’ phrases in the plural: ‫محبین الرحلة‬
• Subject-verb agreement: ‫جائوا أصدقائي‬
• Use of colloquial words and expressions: ‫ شغلنة الموسیقا‬،‫ نضوي النار‬،‫نحکیلهم عن المصایب‬
• Not adding the dots over the feminine ‘t’ in nouns and adjectives: ‫ خطیره‬،‫حیا‬

23
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