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    Programmable Interval Timer - 8254

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    Programmable Interval Timer - 8254

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    siniha2538
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    Original Title

    Programmable Interval Timer_8254 (1)

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    5 views12 pages

    Programmable Interval Timer - 8254

    Uploaded by

    siniha2538

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Programmable Interval Timer

    8254/8253
    Prepared By,
    Tanjum Rahi Akanto
    Lecturer,Dept. of EEE
    Daffodil International University
    Outline:
    • Basics of 8254/8253
    • Control Signals of 8254/8253
    • Block diagram of 8254/8253
    • Control register
    • Applications of 8254/8253
    Basics of 8254/8253:

    • 8254 functions like software designed timer/counter.


    • It generates accurate time delay.
    • 8254 includes 3 identical 16 bit counters that can operate in 6 different
    mode independently.
    • 8254 can operate with (DC to 8MHz) and 8253 can operate with DC to
    2MHz.
    • 8254 includes status back command that can latch the count and the
    status of counter.
    • 8253 can only latch count.
    Working of 8254/8253:

    • 16-bit count is loaded in it’s register. (At first lower byte, then higher
    byte as the data bus is of 8 bit)
    • On command ,it begins to decrement until it reaches 0.
    • At the end of the count it generates a pulse that can be used to
    interrupt MPU.
    • The counter either in binary or BCD.
    Control Signals of 8254/8253:

    • It has RD,WR,CS ,A0 and A1 as control signal.

    A1 A0 Selection
    0 0 Counter 0
    0 1 Counter 1
    1 0 Counter 2
    1 1 Control Register
    Block Diagram:
    8254 is consist of a total of 3 counters of 16-bit each and adequate programming is
    performed so that each one operates properly in one of the six possible modes. It has 2
    inputs namely clock and gate while 1 output i.e., counter. The counter operates in a way
    that initially a count value is stored in the count register and at this time gate signal will
    be high and input is provided through clock input. After each cycle of the clock input,
    the counter decrements the value by 1, and output is obtained according to the mode
    of operation.
    Here overall 8 data lines are there through which 8254 communicates with the
    processor. Through the data bus buffer, registers store the control words and count
    values. The read and write operations are performed through control signals RD’ and
    WR’. Out of the four internal devices i.e., the three counters and a control register,
    anyone is selected using address lines A0 and A1.
    It is to be noted here that there is another timer called Intel 8253 which offers a clock
    frequency of 2.6 MHz. Thus is regarded as a low clock version of 8254. Both of these
    function in a similar manner however, the only difference exists in their operating clock
    frequency.
    Control Word Selection Format:

    D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

    SC1 SC0 RW1 RW0 M2 M1 Mo BCD

    BCD:
    If BCD=1; BCD counter
    If BCD=0; Binary counter of 16 bit
    M-mode:
    M2 M1 Mo Selected Mode
    0 0 0 Mode 0
    0 0 1 Mode 1
    1 0 Mode 2
    ×
    1 1 Mode 3
    ×
    1 0 0 Mode 4
    1 0 1 Mode 5
    SC-Select Counter:
    SC1 SC0 Selected Counter
    0 0 Counter 0
    0 1 Counter 1
    1 0 Counter 2
    1 1 Read Back Command

    RW—Read/Write

    RW1 RW0 Selected Counter


    0 0 Counter Latch
    0 1 Read Write of least significant byte only
    1 0 Read Write of most significant byte only
    1 1 Read Write of least significant byte and then
    most significant byte
    ***Write control word for using counter 0, read load LSB, mode 0, Binary
    Counter.

    Control Word for Read Back Command:

    1 1 Count Status C2 C1 Co 0

    Status after Read Back Command:

    Out Null RW1 RW0 M2 M1 Mo BCD


    HW: Write a program to generate a square wave of 1kHz from an input
    frequency of 16.525MHz using 8254 counter 0.

    Hints: Mode 3 produces square wave. Find count and control word first.
    𝑰𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚
    Count=
    𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚

    Applications:
    • Real time clock
    • Digital one shot
    • Square wave generator
    • Event counter
    Thank You

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