JUNE 2005 CXC MATHEMATICS GENERAL PROFICIENCY (PAPER 2)

Section I

1 æ 1 ö
1. a. Required To Calculate: 4 - ç1 ´ 3 ÷
5 è 9 ø
Calculation:
1 æ 1 ö
4 - ç1 ´ 3 ÷
5 è 9 ø

m
1 æ 10 ö
= 4 - ç ´ 3÷
5 è9 ø

co
1 10
=4 -
5 3

.
1 1

hs
= 4 -3
5 3
21 10
= -
5 3
3(21) - 5(10 ) at
m
=
15
63 - 50
s
=
15
as

13
=
15
sp

13
= (in exact form)
15
.fa

b. Data: Table showing Amanda’s shopping bill

w

(i) Required To Calculate: The values of A, B, C and D

Calculation:
w

3 T-shirts at $12.50 each cost a total of

3 ´ $12.50 = $37.50
w

\ A = $37.50

2 CD’s cost a total of $33.90

$33.90
\ The unit price is
2
= $16.95
\ B = $16.95

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 C posters at $6.20 each cost $31.00
$31.00
\C =
$6.00
\C = 5

The total bill is $108.28

15
\ 15% VAT = ´ $108.28
100
= $16.242

m
= $16.24 to the nearest cent
\ D = $16.24

co
(ii) Required To Determine: Whether Amanda made a profit or a loss
Solution:

.
Price paid for 6 stickers at $0.75 each and 6 stickers at $0.40 each

hs
= (6 ´ 0.75) + (6 ´ 0.40 )
= $4.50 + $2.40
= $6.90
at
m
The cost of 12 stickers to Amanda = $5.88
Since the selling price > Cost price, then Amanda acquired a profit of
s
($6.90 - $5.88)
as

= $1.02
sp

2. a. Required To Factorise: (i) 5a 2b + ab 2 , (ii) 9k 2 - 1 , (iii) 2 y 2 - 5 y + 2

.fa

Factorising:
(i) 5a 2b + ab 2
= 5.a.a.b + a.b.b
w

= ab(5a + b )
w

(ii) 9k 2 - 1
w

= (3k ) - (1) 2
2

This is the difference of two squares

(3k - 1)(3k + 1)
(iii) 2y2 - 5y + 2
(2 y - 1)( y - 2)

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 b. Required To Simplify: (2 x + 5)(3 x - 4 )
Solution:
Simplifying (2 x + 5)(3 x - 4 )
= 6 x 2 + 15 x - 8 x - 20
= 6 x 2 + 7 x - 20

c. Data: Card game played among 3 people.

Solution:
Score by Adam = x points

m
Imran’s score is 3 less than Adam’s score = ( x - 3) (data)

co
(i) Required To Find: an expression in terms of x for the number of points

.
hs
scored by Shakeel.
Solution:
Shakeel’s score is 2 times Imran’s score = 2(x - 3) points

(ii) at
Required To Find: an equation which may be used to find the value of x.
m
Solution:
Total score = 39 points
s
\ x + ( x - 3) + 2( x - 3) = 39
as

x + x - 3 + 2 x - 6 = 39
4 x - 9 = 39
sp

4 x = 48
and x = 12
.fa

3. a. Data: Venn diagram illustrating the students in a class who study Music and /or
w

Dance.
Solution:
w
w

(i) Required To Calculate: the number of students who take both Music and
Drama.
Calculation:
n(M ) = 24 (data)

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 \ 3 x + x = 24
4 x = 24
and x = 6
And n(M Ç D ) , that is number of students who take both Music and
Dance = 6

(ii) Required To Calculate: the number of students who take Drama only.
Calculation:
Hence

m
. co
hs
n(D only) = 13
That is, the number of students who take Dance only = 13

2
at
m
b. Data: Line with gradient passes through P (-3, 5)
3
s
(i) Required To Find: the equation of the line through P (-3, 5) and with
as

2
gradient .
3
sp

Solution:
.fa
w
w

Equation of line is
w

y -5 2
=
x - (- 3) 3
3 y - 15 = 2 x + 6
3 y = 2 x + 21
2
y = x+7
3
2
is of the form y = mx + c , where m = and c = 7 .
3

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 4 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 (ii) Required To Prove: the above line is parallel to the line 2 x - 3 y = 0
Solution:
2x - 3y = 0
3y = 2x
2
y= x
3
2
is of the form y = mx + c , where m = is the gradient.
3

2
Hence y = x + 7 and 2 x - 3 y = 0 are parallel since they both have the

m
3
æ 2ö
same gradient ç = ÷ and parallel lines have the same gradient.

co
è 3ø

.
hs
4. Data: Diagrams of

at
s m
as
sp

a. Required To Determine: Whether a medium pizza is twice as large as a

small pizza.
Solution:
.fa

The pizzas are 3-dimensional, hence a comparison of sizes must be made

by comparing their volumes. Both have the same height (thickness).
w
w
w

Volume of small pizza Volume of medium pizza

Vm = pr 2 h
Vs = pr 2 h
= p (15) h
2
= p (7.5) h
2

= 225ph cm 3
= 56.25ph cm 3
= 4(56.25ph )
So we see that the medium pizza has 4 times the volume of a small pizza.
So that statement – A medium pizza is twice as large as a small pizza is
INCORRECT.

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 5 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 b. Data: The prices for each slice of a medium pizza and for one small pizza.
Required To Find: Whether it is better to buy 1 medium pizza or 4 small
pizzas.
Solution:
1
Cost of medium pizza = $15.95
3
\ Cost of an entire medium pizza = $15.95 ´ 3
= $47.85

Cost of 1 small pizza = $12.95

m
Since 4 small pizzas º 1 medium pizza
Then the equivalent cost of 4 small pizzas

co
= $12.95 ´ 4
= $51.80

.
4 small pizzas is equivalent in volume to 1 medium pizza which costs

hs
$47.95
\ The ‘better buy’ (which supposedly means more pizza at a lesser price)
is obtained by buying a medium pizza.

5. a.
at
Data: The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle, D, E and F.
m
Required To Draw: DDEF .
Solution:
s
as
sp
.fa
w
w
w

b. (i) Required to draw: DD¢E ¢F ¢

Solution:
D¢ = (7, 1) E ¢ = (5, 1) F ¢ = (7, 4 )

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 6 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 m
. co
hs
(ii) Required To Draw: DD¢¢E ¢¢F ¢¢
Solution:
at
D¢¢ = (7, - 4 ) E ¢¢ = (5, - 4 ) F ¢¢ = (7, - 1)
s m
as
sp
.fa
w
w
w

(iii) Required to identify: the type of transformation that maps DDEF onto
DD¢¢E ¢¢F ¢¢
Solution:
æ 0ö
Translation =çç ÷÷
è -5 ø
DDEF ¾¾ ¾ ¾ ¾¾® DD¢E ¢F ¢ ¾¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
Reflection in x = 4
¾® DD¢¢E ¢¢F ¢¢
Hence DDEF ¾¾ ¾ ¾¾® DD¢¢E ¢¢F ¢¢
Glide reflection

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 7 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 c. Data: Stick 1.8 m casts a shadow 2 m long.

m
Required To Calculate: Angle of elevation of the sun

co
Calculation:
Let the angle of elevation be a

.
1.8

hs
tan a =
2
a = tan (0.9)
-1

a = 41.9°
a = 42° ( to the nearest degree)
at
s m
as

6. a. Data: Diagram of a pentagon ABCDE

sp

Required To Calculate: x°, y°

Calculation:
.fa
w
w
w

(i) EAˆ D = 57° (alternate angles)

x° = 180° - (80° + 57°)
= 43°

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 8 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 (Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°)

(ii) BAˆ D = 108° - 57°

= 51°
\ y = 360° - (51° + 80° + 57°)
= 162°
(Sum of angles in a quadrilateral = 360°)

1
b. Data: f ( x ) = x+5 g (x ) = x 2
2

m
(i) Required To Evaluate: g (3) + g (- 3)

co
Solution:
g (3) + g (- 3)
= (3) + (- 3)

.
2 2

hs
=9+9
= 18

(ii) Required To Evaluate: f -1 (6 ) at

m
Solution:
1
s
Let y = x+5
2
as

1
y -5 = x
2
sp

2 y - 10 = x
Replace y by x
f -1 ( x ) = 2 x - 10
.fa

\ f -1 (6 ) = 2(6 ) - 10
=2
w
w

(iii) Required To Evaluate: fg (2 )

Solution:
w

g (2 ) = (2 )
2

=4
fg (2 ) = f (4 )
1
= (4 ) + 5
2
= 2+5
=7

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 9 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 7. Data: Table showing the height of 400 applicants for the police service.

a. Required To Draw: the cumulative frequency curve of heights given in the table.
Solution:
The data shows a Continuous variable and we create the table as:

Height in cm, x L.C.B. U.C.B No. of Cumulative Points to be

applicants frequency plotted
(U.C.B, CF)
151 – 155 150.5 £ x < 155.5 10 10 (150.5, 0)
(155.5, 10)

m
156 – 160 155.5 £ x < 160.5 55 65 (160.5, 65)
161 – 165 160.5 £ x < 165.5 105 170 (165.5, 170)

co
166 – 170 165.5 £ x < 170.5 110 280 (170.5, 280)
171 – 175 170.5 £ x < 175.5 80 360 (175.5, 360)
176 – 180 175.5 £ x < 180.5 30 390 (180.5, 390)

.
180.5 £ x < 185.5

hs
181 – 185 10 400 (185.5, 400)
å f = 400
The point (150.5, 0) is obtained by extrapolation, so as to start the curve on the
horizontal axis.
at
s m
as
sp
.fa
w
w
w

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 10 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 m
. co
hs
at
s m
as

b. (i) Required To Estimate: the number of applicants whose heights are less
sp

than 170 cm.

Solution:
From the graph, » 265 applicants are less than 170 cm (read off).
.fa

(ii) Required to estimate: the median height of applicants.

Solution:
w

The median height of applicants » 167 cm (read off).

w

(iii) Required to estimate: the height that 25% of the applicants are less than
w

Solution:
25
25% of the applicants = ´ 400
100
= 100
100 applicants are less than 162 cm (read off).

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 11 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 (iv) Required To Estimate: the probability that a randomly selected applicant
has a height no more than 162 cm.
Solution:
P( applicant’s height is no more than 162 cm)
No. of applicants £ 162 cm
=
No. of applicants
100
=
400
1
=
4

m
co
8. a. Data: Table showing a number pattern
Required To Complete: the table given.
Solution:

.
hs
23 (0 ´ 3 ) + (3 ´ 2) + 2
2 8
33 (1 ´ 4 ) + (3 ´ 3) + 2
2 27
43 (2 ´ 5 ) + (3 ´ 4) + 2
2
at 64
s m
as

53
sp
.fa

(i) 63 (6 - 2) ´ (6 + 1)7 + (3 ´ 6) + 2
= (4 ´ 7 2 ) + (3 ´ 6 ) + 2
216
w

! ! !
w

(ii) 10 3 (10 - 2) ´ (10 + 1)2 + (3 ´ 10) + 2

1000
( )
= 8 ´ 112 + (3 ´ 10 ) + 2
w

! ! !
(iii) n3 (n - 2) ´ (n + 1)2 + (3 ´ n ) + 2 n3

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 12 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 Required to prove: (a - b ) (a + b ) + ab(a + b ) = a 3 + b 3
2
b.
Proof: L.H.S.
(a - b )2 (a + b ) + ab(a + b )
( )
= a 2 - 2ab + b 2 (a + b ) + ab(a + b )
= a 3 - 2a 2b + ab 2 + a 2b - 2ab 2 + b 3 + a 2b + ab 2
= a 3 + b3
= R.H.S.
Q.E.D.

m
Section II

co
Required to express: 5 x 2 + 2 x - 7 in the form a( x + b ) + c , a, b, c Î Â
2
9. a.

.
Solution:

hs
a(x + b ) + c
2

(
= a x 2 + 2bx + b 2 + c )
= ax 2 + 2abx + ab 2 + c
Equating the coefficient of x 2 at
m
a = 5 ÎÂ
Equating the coefficient of x
s
2(5)b = 2
as

1
b= ÎÂ
5
sp

Equating constants
2
æ1ö
5ç ÷ + c = -7
.fa

è5ø
1
+ c = -7
w

5
1
c = -7 Î Â
w

5
w

2
æ 1ö 1
\ 5 x + 2 x - 7 º 5ç x + ÷ - 7
2

è 5ø 5

OR

5x 2 + 2 x - 7
æ 2 ö
= 5ç x 2 + x ÷ - 7
è 5 ø

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 13 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 1 æ2ö 1
Half the coefficient of x is ç ÷=
2è5ø 5
æ 2 1 ö
= 5ç x 2 + x + ÷
è 5 25 ø
1
= 5x 2 + 2 x +
5
1
-7
5
-7

m
co
2
æ 1ö 1
= 5ç x + ÷ - 7
è 5ø 5

.
is of the form a( x + b ) + c , where
2

hs
a = 5ÎÂ
1
b = ÎÂ
5
1
at
m
c = -7 Î Â
5
s
as

b. (i) Required To Determine: the minimum value of y = 5 x 2 + 2 x - 7

Solution:
sp

y = 5x 2 + 2 x - 7
and
.fa

2
æ 1ö 1
y = 5ç x + ÷ - 7
è 5ø 5
w

æ 1 ö
2
5çç x + ÷÷ ³ 0 "x
è 5 ø
w

1
\ y min = 0 - 7
w

5
1
= -7
5

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 14 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
(ii) Required To Determine: the value of x at which the minimum point
occurs.
Solution:
When
2
æ 1ö
5ç x + ÷ = 0
è 5ø
2
æ 1ö
çx + ÷ = 0
è 5ø
æ 1ö
çx + ÷ = 0
è 5ø

m
1
x=-

co
5

OR

.
hs
y = 5 x 2 + 2 x - 7 has an axis of symmetry at
- (2 )
x=
2(5)
at
m
1
=-
5
s
as
sp
.fa
w
w

2
1 æ 1ö æ 1ö
At minimum point x = - and y = 5ç - ÷ + 2ç - ÷ - 7
w

5 è 5ø è 5ø
1
= -7
5
1 1
y min = -7 at x = -
5 5

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 15 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
c. Required To Solve: 5 x 2 + 2 x - 7 = 0
Solution:
5x 2 + 2 x - 7 = 0
(5 x + 7 )(x - 1) = 0
7
\ x = 1 or -
5
OR
- (2) ± (2)2 - 4(5)(- 7 )
x=
2(5)

m
- 2 ± 4 + 140
=
10

co
- 2 ± 144
=
10

.
- 2 ± 12

hs
=
10
14 10
=-
10
or

2
10
at
m
= 1 or - 1
5
s
OR
as

5x 2 + 2 x - 7 = 0
sp

2
æ 1ö 1
5ç x + ÷ - 7 = 0
è 5ø 5
.fa

2
æ 1ö 36
5ç x + ÷ =
è 5ø 5
w

2
æ 1ö 36
w

çx + ÷ =
è 5ø 25
w

Find the square root

æ 1ö 6
çx + ÷ = ±
è 5ø 5
1 6
x=- ±
5 5
-1± 6
=
5
7
= - or 1
5

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 16 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 c. Required To Sketch: the graph of y = 5 x 2 + 2 x - 7 , showing the coordinates of
the minimum point, the value of the y – intercept and the points where the graph
cuts the x – axis.
Solution:
When x = 0 y = 5(0 )2 + 2(0 ) - 7 = -7
7
\ Curve cuts the y – axis at (0, -7) and the x – axis at 1 and - .
5
æ 1 1ö
Minimum point = ç - , - 7 ÷
è 5 5ø

m
. co
hs
at
s m
as

10. a. Data: Speed – time graph for the movement of a cyclist.

sp

(i) Required To Calculate: The acceleration of the cyclist during the first 15
seconds.
.fa

Calculation:
w
w
w

Since the branch for the first 15 seconds of the journey is a straight line,
then the acceleration is constant.

40 - 0 2 2
Gradient = =2 \Acceleration = 2 ms -2
15 - 0 3 3

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 17 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 (ii) Required To Calculate: The distance travelled by the cyclist between
t = 15 and t = 35 .
Calculation:

m
co
The distance covered between t = 15 and t = 35 is the area of the region,
A, shown in the diagram which describes a trapezium.

.
1
= (40 + 50 ) ´ (35 - 15)

hs
2
= 900 m

at
m
b. Data: Diagram showing the distance – time journey of an athlete
s
(i) Required To Calculate: The average speed during the first 2 hours.
Calculation:
as
sp
.fa
w
w

The average speed during the first 2 hours

w

Total distance covered

=
Total time taken
12 km
=
2h
= 6 kmh -1
(ii) Required To Determine: What the athlete did between 2 and 3 hours
after the start of the journey.
Solution:

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 18 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 At t = 2 ,distance = 12 km and at t = 3 , distance = 12 km.

m
This is a indicated by a horizontal branch in the graph. Hence, between 2
and 3 hours after the start, the cyclist did NOT travel OR the cyclist

co
stopped cycling for that 1 hour interval.

.
(iii) Required To Calculate: the average speed on the return journey.

hs
Solution:

at
s m
as
sp

1
The return journey took 5 - 3
.fa

2
1
= 1 hours.
w

2
Total distance covered
\ Average speed =
w

Total time taken

w

12 km
=
1
1 h
2
= 8 kmh -1

(c) Data: Diagram of a triangle bounded by lines GH, GK and HK.

(i) Required To Find: the equation of the line HK

Solution:

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 19 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 HK is a vertical line that cuts the x – axis at 6. Therefore, the equation of
HK is x = 6 .

m
(ii) Required to find: the set of 3 inequalities which define the shaded region
in the diagram.

co
Solution:

Region shaded is on the left of x = 6 . Hence, x £ 6 (and including line).

.
hs
at
s m
as

The region shaded is on the side with the smaller angle. Hence,
sp

1
y £ x + 5 (including line).
6
.fa
w
w
w

5
The side shaded is that with the larger angle. Therefore, region is y ³ - x + 5 (including
8
line). Hence the three inequalities that define the shaded region are:
x£6
1
y £ x+5
6
5
y ³ - x+5
8

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 20 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
11. a. Data: P, Q are midpoints of DXYZ with XP = 7.5 cm, XQ = 4.5 cm and area of
DXPQ = 13.5 cm 2

(i) Required To Calculate: the size of ÐPXQ

Calculation:

m
co
Let PXˆQ = q

.
hs
1
\ (7.5)(4.5) sin q = 13.5
2
13.5 ´ 2
\ sin q =
7.5 ´ 4.5
= 0.8
at
m
q = 53.1°
s
= 53° (to the nearest degree)
as

(ii) Required To Calculate: Area of DYXZ

Calculation:
sp

XY = 2(7.5)
= 15
.fa

XZ = 2(4.5)
=9
w

4
sin q = or 0.8
w

5
1 4
\ Area of DYXZ = (15)(9 ) ´
w

2 5
= 54 square units
OR

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 21 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 DXPQ and DXYZ are equivalent or similar.
XP : XY = 1 : 2
\ Area of ΔXPQ : Area of ΔXYZ = 12 : 2 2
= 1: 4
\ Area of ΔXYZ = 13.5 ´ 4
= 54 cm 2

b. Data: Diagram of trapezium SJKM with SJ parallel to MK, SM = SJ = 50 m,

MJˆK = 124° and MSˆT = 136°

m
Required To Calculate:
(i)(a) SJˆM

co
(b) JKˆ M
(ii)(a) MJ
(b) JK

.
hs
Calculation:

at
s m
as

(i) (a) SJˆM = SMˆ J (base angles of isosceles triangle)

sp

180° - 136°
\ SJˆM =
2
.fa

= 22° (sum of angles in D = 180°)

JMˆ K = 22° (alternate angles)

w

(b)
\ JKˆ M = 180° - (124° + 22°)
w

= 34° (sum of angles in D = 180°)

w

MJ 50
(ii) (a) = (sine rule)
sin 136° sin 22°
50 ´ sin 136°
\ MJ =
sin 22°
= 92.71 m
= 92.7 m to 1 decimal place

OR

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 22 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 MJ 2 = (50 ) + (50 ) - 2(50)(50) cos 136°
2 2
(Cosine Rule)
MJ = 92.71
= 92.7 m to 1 decimal place

JK 92.71
(b) = (Sine Rule)
sin 22° sin 34°
92.71 ´ sin 22°
JK =
sin 34°

m
= 62.10 m
= 62.1 m to 1 decimal place

. co
12. This question is not done since it involves latitude and longitude (Earth Geometry)

hs
which has been removed from the syllabus.

at
13. a. Data: ABCD is a parallelogram with DC = 3 x , DA = 3 y and P on DB such that
DP : PB = 1 : 2 .
s m
as
sp

(i) Required To Express: AB in terms of x and y

.fa

Solution:
AB º DC
w

(Equal in magnitude and parallel, as expected for opposite sides of a

parallelogram).
w

\ AB = 3 x
w

(ii) Required To Express: BD in terms of x and y

Solution:
Similarly as (a) CB º DA = 3 y
BD = BC + CD
( )
= - 3 y + (- 3 x )
= -3 x - 3 y

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 23 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 (iii) Required To Express: DP in terms of x and y
Solution:
(
DB = - - 3 x - 3 y )
= 3x + 3 y
1
Since DP : PB = 1 : 2 , then DP = DB and
3
DP =
1
3
(
3x + 3 y )
= x+ y

m
b. Required To Prove: AP = x - 2 y

co
Proof:
AP = AD + DP

.
( ) ( )

hs
= - 3y + x + y
= x - 2y
Q.E.D.
at
m
c. Data: E is the midpoint of DC
Required To Prove: A, P and E are collinear.
s
Solution:
as
sp
.fa
w

1
DE = (3x )
w

2
AE = AD + DE
w

( )
1
= - 3y + 1 x
2
1
= 1 x - 3y
2

1
2
1
1 x - 3y = 1 x - 2 y
2
( )
1
= 1 AP
2

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 24 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 AE is a scalar multiple of AP . Therefore, AE is parallel to AP . Since A is a
common point, P lies on AE and A, P and E are collinear.

æ 2ö æ1ö
d. Data: x = çç ÷÷ and y = çç ÷÷
è0ø è1ø
Required To Prove: DAED is isosceles.
Proof:

DA = 3 y
æ 1ö

m
= 3çç ÷÷
è 1ø

co
æ 3ö
= çç ÷÷
è 3ø

.
(3)2 + (3)2

hs
\ DA =

= 18
1
DE = 1 x
2
at
m
1 æ 2ö
= 1 çç ÷÷
s
2 è0ø
as

æ 3ö
= çç ÷÷
è0ø
sp

DE = (3)2 + (0)2
=3
.fa

1
AE = 1 x - 3 y
2
w

1 æ 2 ö æ1ö
= 1 çç ÷÷ - 3çç ÷÷
w

2 è 0 ø è1ø
æ 3 ö æ 3ö
w

= çç ÷÷ - çç ÷÷
è 0 ø è 3ø
æ 0ö
= çç ÷÷
è - 3ø
AE = (0)2 + (- 3)2
=3
In DAED only 2 sides, AE and DE, are equal, therefore the triangle is isosceles.
Q.E.D

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 25 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 æ 2 5ö
12. a. Data: M = çç ÷÷
è 7 15 ø
(i) Required To Prove: M is a non-singular matrix
Solution:
Det M = (2 ´ 15) - (5 ´ 7 )
= 30 - 35
= -5 ¹ 0
Hence, $ M -1 and so M is non-singular.

(ii) Required To Find: M -1

m
Solution:
1 æ 15 - (5)ö

co
M -1 = - çç ÷
5 è - (7 ) 2 ÷ø
æ -3 1ö

.
=ç 7 2÷

hs
ç - ÷
è 5 5ø

(iii) Required To Find: M ´ M -1 at

m
Solution:
æ1 0ö
M ´ M -1 = I where I is the 2 ´ 2 identity matrix = çç ÷÷ .
s
è0 1ø
as

æe e ö
M 2 ´ 2 ´ M -12 ´2 = çç 11 12 ÷÷
è e21 e22 ø
sp

æ 2 5 ö æç - 3 1ö æe e ö
çç ÷÷ ´ 7 2 ÷ = çç 11 12 ÷÷
è 7 15 ø çè 5 - 5 ÷ø è e21 e22 ø
.fa

æ 7ö
e11 = (2 ´ -3) + ç 5 ´ ÷
è 5ø
w

= -6 + 7
w

=1
w

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 26 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 æ 2ö
e12 = (2 ´ 1) + ç 5 ´ - ÷
è 5ø
= 2-2
=0
æ 7ö
e21 = (7 ´ -3) + ç15 ´ ÷
è 5ø
= -21 + 21
=0
æ 2ö
e22 = (7 ´ 1) + ç15 ´ - ÷

m
è 5ø
=7-6

co
=1

.
æ1 0ö
\ M ´ M -1 = çç ÷÷

hs
è0 1ø
M ´ M -1 = I

at
æ 2 5 ö æ x ö æ - 3ö
m
(iv) Required To Solve: çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
è 7 15 ø è y ø è 17 ø
s
Solution:
æ2 5ö æ x ö æ - 3 ö
as

çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
è 7 15 ø è y ø è 17 ø
´ M -1
sp

æ2 5ö æ xö æ - 3ö
çç ÷÷ ´M -1 çç ÷÷ = M -1 çç ÷÷
.fa

è 7 15 ø è yø è 17 ø

æ xö æ - 3ö
w

I ´ çç ÷÷ = M -1 çç ÷÷
è yø è 17 ø
w

æ x ö æç - 3 1öæ - 3 ö
çç ÷÷ = 7 2 ÷ çç ÷÷
w

è y ø è 5 - 5 ÷ø è 17 ø
ç

æ (- 3 ´ -3) + (1 ´ 17 ) ö
ç ÷
=ç æ7 ö æ 2 ö÷
ç ç ´ -3 ÷ + ç - ´ 17 ÷ ÷
è è5 ø è 5 øø
æ 26 ö
= çç ÷÷
è - 11 ø
Equating corresponding entries
x = 26 and y = -11

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 27 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
b. (i) Required To Find: matrix R, which represents a reflection in the y – axis.
Solution:
æ - 1 0ö
The matrix, R, which represents a reflection in the y – axis is çç ÷÷ .
è 0 1ø

(ii) Required To Find: matrix N, which represents a clockwise rotation of

180° about the origin.
Solution:
The matrix, N, which represents a clockwise rotation of 180° about O is
æ -1 0ö
çç ÷÷ .

m
è 0 - 1ø

co
(iii) Required To Find: matrix T, which represents a translation of – 3 units
parallel to the x – axis and 5 units parallel to the y – axis.
Solution:

.
A translation of – 3 units parallel to the x – axis (3 units horizontally to the

hs
left) and 5 units parallel to the y – axis (5 units vertically upwards) may be
represented by
æ - 3ö
T = çç ÷÷
è 5ø
at
m
(iv) Data:
s
P ¾¾®
RN
P¢ , that is N first, then R second.
as

Required To Find: the coordinates of P¢ and P¢¢ .

Solution:
æ - 1 0 ö æ 6 ö æ (- 1 ´ 6) + (0 ´ 11) ö
sp

çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
è 0 - 1ø è11ø è (0 ´ 6) + (- 1 ´ 11)ø
.fa

æ - 6ö
= çç ÷÷
è - 11ø
æ - 1 0 ö æ - 6 ö æ (- 1 ´ -6 ) + (0 ´ -11)ö
w

çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
è 0 1 ø è - 11 ø è (0 ´ -6 ) + (1 ´ -11) ø
w

æ 6ö
= çç ÷÷
w

è - 11ø
\ P¢ = (6, - 11)

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 28 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.
 P ¾¾®
NT
P¢¢
æ -3 ö
æ 6 ö T =ççè 5 ÷÷ø æ 6 - 3 ö æ 3 ö
çç ÷÷ ¾¾ ¾®çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
è 11 ø è11 + 5 ø è 16 ø
æ 3ö N
çç ÷÷ ¾¾® P¢¢
è16 ø
æ - 1 0 ö æ 3 ö æ (- 1 ´ 3) + (0 ´ 16 ) ö
çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
è 0 - 1ø è16 ø è (0 ´ 3) + (- 1 ´ 16 )ø
æ - 3ö
= çç ÷÷

m
è - 16 ø
\ P¢¢ = (- 3, - 16 )

. co
hs
at
s m
as
sp
.fa
w
w
w

Copyright © 2023 by Fayad W. Ali and Shereen A. Khan. Some Rights Reserved. Page 29 of 29
Visit us at www.faspassmaths.com.