BELLOSILLO, Nathaniel 2021-40428 MEC 0324-2 Combustion Engineering

Engr. Joselito Panis

Assignment No. 4 - Gas Turbine Combustion Cycle

Due June 2, 2023, 12:00 PM
Instructions
1. Write your reactions on the attached videos. Answer the ff questions:
Reaction on the following videos shown:

“Reacting to the MGT Series Gas Turbines: Advancements in Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability”

The following videos offers a comprehensive analysis of the MGT series gas turbines from Man
Diesel and Turbo and their substantial contributions to the power generating sector. The first video
emphasizes the MGT 6200 and MGT 6100 models' outstanding skills in terms of power output, design,
and operating flexibility. This is my reaction paper which attempts to analyze the main points made in
the video and assess how these gas turbines affect environmental sustainability and efficiency.

A twin-shaft gas turbine called the MGT 6200 is typically employed as a mechanical drive for
compressors. Due to its small core engine, which produces a tremendous maximum output of 6.9
megawatts, it stands out in the six-megawatt output class. The strength of the turbine is adequately
demonstrated by comparing its power output to 95 -100 horsepower automotive engines. The efficient
intake and compression of air for combustion is aided by an electric motor to start the gas turbine and
an 11-stage axial compressor. This leads to superior mechanical efficiency and efficient energy
conversion.

A thorough explanation of the MGT 6200's functioning procedure is provided, illuminating the
processes involving combustion and turbine. The high-pressure and low-pressure turbines that make
up the gas generator run separately from the power turbine. The efficient mixing of compressed air
and fuel gas in the combustion chambers before ignition results in much lower emissions. The high-
pressure and power turbines are driven by the expansion of the fuel gas-air mixture, which produces
mechanical power.

Utilizing the leftover heat from the exhaust fumes, which has a temperature of about 460
degrees Celsius, indicates a concern for the environment. The gas turbine system's overall efficiency
can be increased by using this heat to create steam. The MGT 6200 eliminates waste and enhances
energy conversion by efficiently utilizing available resources.

The MGT 6100, a single-shaft gas turbine developed primarily for constant-speed operation of
electric generators, is also introduced in the first video. The MGT 6100 maximizes efficiency for
applications involving power production, whereas the MGT 6200 promotes flexibility. The MGT 6100
streamlines its design by utilizing only one continuous shaft, resulting in reduced complexity and
component count. It shares modular assemblies and parts with the MGT 6200. This strategy
demonstrates Man Diesel and Turbo's flexibility in modifying their gas turbines for various purposes.

Man, Diesel, and Turbo's MGT series gas turbines serve as an example of their extensive
industry knowledge. These turbines exhibit a dedication to minimal pollutant emissions and offer
outstanding mechanical efficiency ratings of over 30%. The improvements emphasized in the MGT
6200 and MGT 6100 models highlight the power generation industry's goal of efficiency, flexibility,
and environmental sustainability.

In conclusion, the videos offer insightful information about the advantages and guiding
principles of the MGT series gas turbines. The dedication of Man, Diesel, and Turbo to developing
modern, clean drives for compressors and generators shows their commitment to developing the
industry's technological capabilities while emphasizing environmental responsibility.

1. How does a Gas Turbine Work?

Based on the Brayton cycle, a gas turbine operates. It is made up of a turbine, a combustion
chamber, and a compressor. Arriving air is compressed by the compressor before being
combined with fuel and fired in the combustion chamber. The compressor and, in some
circumstances, a generator are driven by the high-temperature and high-pressure gases
produced. The turbine then releases the exhaust gases. The fuel's chemical energy is
continuously converted through this process into mechanical energy, which is then converted
into electrical energy.

2. What is the difference between an Open Cycle Gas Power Plant and Combined Cycle Gas Power
Plant?
Air is compressed, combined with fuel, then expanded through a gas turbine to power an open
cycle gas power plant, which relies only on gas turbines. Following this, the exhaust gases are
let loose into the environment. A combined cycle gas power plant, on the other hand, combines
a steam turbine and a gas turbine. A steam turbine is powered by steam produced by capturing
the gas turbine's exhaust heat. By utilizing waste heat and boosting power production and fuel
efficiency, the combined cycle arrangement improves the power plant's overall efficiency.

3. What is the Malampaya gas-to-power project? Describe the power plants

partners/stakeholders in this project.
A natural gas field development called the Malampaya gas-to-power project is situated offshore
of Palawan, Philippines. It entails taking natural gas from the Malampaya field and moving it
via pipelines beneath the sea to stationary power facilities. The power plants use gas as fuel to
produce electricity for the Luzon region.

The stakeholders in the Malampaya gas-to-power project include:

Exploration Shell Philippines B.V. (SPEX): SPEX, a division of Royal Dutch Shell, is the project's
operator and a significant stakeholder. They oversee directing the field's natural gas
exploration, development, and production.

Chevron Malampaya LLC: Chevron, along with its partners, participates in the field's operations
and owns a small portion of the Malampaya project.

The Philippine National Oil Company Exploration Corporation (PNOC-EC) is a company that is
controlled by the Philippine government. To secure the effective and long-lasting extraction of
natural gas, they have a stake in the Malampaya project and work together with the other
stakeholders.

Department of Energy (DOE): The Philippine DOE oversees managing and regulating the
country's energy industry, which includes the Malampaya project. To ensure compliance with
rules and to promote an effective supply of natural gas for power generation, they collaborate
closely with the project partners.

2. Solve Problem No,2, p. 313 (see attached chapter on Gas Turbine Spray Combustion).

Assume an ideal gas turbine with inlet air conditions of 300 K and 1 atm pressure. For combustor
temperatures of 1200 and 1800 K, vary the combustor pressure from 1 atm to 35 atm.
Determine
(a) the ideal gas turbine power per unit mass flow versus combustor pressure,
(b) efficiency, and
(c) the heat rates.
𝑘𝐽
Assume 𝐶𝑝 = 1.0 & 𝛾 = 1.4
𝑘𝑔∙𝐾

Solution:
-To determine the ideal gas turbine power per unit mass flow, efficiency, and heat rates for varying
combustor pressures, we can use the basic equations for gas turbines.

(a) Ideal Gas Turbine Power per Unit Mass Flow:

The ideal gas turbine power per unit mass flow is given by the equation:
(𝛾−1)
𝑝2 ( 𝛾 )
𝑃 = 𝐶𝑝 ∙ 𝑇𝑡3 ∙ (1 − ( ) )
𝑝1
Where:
𝑃 = Ideal gas turbine power per unit mass flow
𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝 = Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (given as 1.0 )
𝑘𝑔∙𝐾

𝑇𝑡3 = Combustor temperature (either 1200 K or 1800 K)

𝑝2= Combustor pressure (varying from 1 atm to 35 atm)

𝑝1= Inlet air pressure (1 atm)

A) We can calculate P for both combustor temperatures (1200 K and 1800 K) by varying the
combustor pressure from 1 atm to 35 atm.
(1.4−1)
𝑘𝐽 35𝑎𝑡𝑚 ( 1.4 )
𝑃 = 1.0 ∙ 1200𝐾 ∙ (1 − ( ) ); Combustor T=1200K, Combustor P=35atm
𝑘𝑔∙𝐾 1𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝑘𝐽
𝑃 = −2113.93
𝑘𝑔
(1.4−1)
𝑘𝐽 1𝑎𝑡𝑚 ( 1.4 )
𝑃 = 1.0 ∙ 1800𝐾 ∙ (1 − (1𝑎𝑡𝑚) ); Combustor T=1800K, Combustor P=1atm
𝑘𝑔∙𝐾

𝑘𝐽
𝑃=0
𝑘𝑔

B) Efficiency: The efficiency of the gas turbine can be calculated using the equation:

(𝑇𝑡3 − 𝑇𝑡4 )
𝜂=
𝑇𝑡3
(1200𝐾−300𝐾)
𝜂= ; if Combustor T=1200K
1200𝐾

𝜂 = 0.75 = 75%
(1800𝐾−300𝐾)
𝜂= ; if Combustor T=1800K
1800𝐾

𝜂 = 0.83 = 83%

C) The heat rate of the gas turbine can be calculated using the equation:
1
𝐻𝑅 =
𝜂
1 1
𝐻𝑅 = 0.75 & 𝐻𝑅 = 0.83

∴ 𝐻𝑅 = 1.33 & 1.20 , respectively.