Experimental Report 2

MOMENTUM AND KINETIC IN ELASTIC AND INELASTIC COLLISIONS

I. Personal information

Full name: Trương Tuấn Minh

Student ID: 20212415 Verification of the instructors

Class: 716764

Group: 4

II. Data sheets :

1. Elastic collision
m1 = 401.5 (g)

m2 = 790.8 (g)

L = 100 (mm) = 0.1 (m)

Trial t1 (s) t1’ (s) t2 (s)

1 0.169 0.668 0.282
2 0.170 0.676 0.280
3 0.167 0.669 0.282
4 0.168 0.672 0.277
5 0.168 0.668 0.273
6 0.167 0.674 0.271
7 0.168 0.676 0.273
8 0.169 0.671 0.274
9 0.167 0.665 0.271
10 0.168 0.673 0.272

2) Inelastic collision

m 1 = 790.8 (g)

m 2 = 401.5 (g)

L = 100 (mm) = 0.1 (m)

 Trial t1 (s) t1’ = t2’ (s)
1 0.240 0.645
2 0.241 0.656
3 0.246 0.640
4 0.249 0.647
5 0.245 0.658
6 0.247 0.645
7 0.246 0.652
8 0.243 0.650
9 0.246 0.649
10 0.249 0.653

III. Data treatment:

1. Elastic collision

a. Calculation of the velocities :

- V1:

The uncertainty of t:

10

∑ t1 i
t 1= i=1 =0.168 ( s )
10

√
10

∑ (t 1 i−t1 )2
i=1
s . d= =0.001(s )
10

s .d
S . D= =0.0003(s)
√10

The uncertainty of V1::

s 0.1 m
v1≈ = =0.595( )
t 1 0.168 s

√
∆t 2 m
∆ v 1=v 1 ( ) =0.004 ( )
t s

Hence

v 1 = 0.595 ± 0.004 (m/s)

 '
−V 1 :

The uncertainty of t:

10
1
t '1= ∑ t =¿ 0.671 ( s ) ¿
10 i=1 i

√
10

∑ (t '1 i−t1 )2
i=1
s . d= =0.003(s)
10

s .d
S . D= =0.0009(s)
√10

The uncertainty of V '1

s 0.1 m
v '1 ≈ = =0.1490( )
'
t1 0.671 s

√
' 2
' ' ∆ t1 m
∆ v =v (
1 1 ) ≈ 0.0002( )
t
'
1
s

Hence

v ' 1 = 0.1490 ± 0.0002 (m/s)

'
−V 2 :

The uncertainty of t:

10
1
t '2= ∑ t =¿ 0.276 ( s ) ¿
10 i=1 2i

√
10

∑ (t '2 i−t 2)2

i=1
s . d= =0.004(s)
10

s .d
S . D= =0.0013( s)
√10
 The uncertainty of V '2:

' s 0.1 m
v2 ≈ = ≈ 0.362( )
t 2 0.282 s
'

√
' 2
' ' ∆ t2 m
∆ v =v (
2 2 ) =0.002( )
t
'
2
s

Hence

v ' 2= 0.362±0.002 (m/s)

b. Calculation of the Momentum

The total momentum before collision are:

P1 = m a ⃗
v a 1 + mb ⃗
vb 1

m
P1=m1 v 1=0.4015 × 0.595=0.239(kg . )
s

¿> ∆ P1=P1
√( ∆ v1 2
v1 )
= (0.2390)
√( 0.595 )
0.004 2
=0.001 ( )
kgm
s

kgm
Then P1=( 0.239 ± 0.001 ) ( )
s

Hence

kgm
P1=( 0.239 ± 0.001 ) ( )
s

The total momentum after collision are:

⃗ v 2 + m1 ⃗
P 2= m 2 ⃗ '
v1

' ' kgm

P2=m2 v 2−m1 v 1=0.7908× 0.362−0.4015 × 0.149=0.226 ( )
s

√( )( ) √(
' 2 ' 2

)( )
∆ v1 ∆ v2 0.001
2
0.003
2
kgm
¿> ∆ P2=P2 × '
+ '
=0.226 × + =0.001( )
v1 v2 0.149 0.362 s
 kgm
Then P2=(0.226 ± 0.001)( )
s

Hence

kgm
P2=(0.226 ± 0.001)( )
s

The percent change in momentum

C %=¿ P 2−P1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.226−0.239∨ ¿ =5.4 % ¿¿

P1 0.239

. Calculation of the kinetic energy

c

The total Kinetic energy before collision are

1 2 1 2
K 1= m1 ( v 1) = ×0.4015 ×(0.595) =0.0711(J )
2 2

√( )
∆ v1 2
√( )
2
0.004
¿> ∆ K 1=K 1 2 =( 0.0711 ) 4 =0.0008 (J )
v1 0.595

Hence

K 1=0.0711 ±0.0008 (J )

The total Kinetic energy after collision are

1 '2 1 '2 1 2 1 2
K 2= m1 v 1 + m v 2 = .0 .4015 .(0.149) + .0.7908 .(0.362) =0.0563 ( J )
2 2 2 2 2

√( )
' 2
∆ v1
¿> ∆ K 2=K 2 2 '
+¿ ¿
v1

K 2=( 0.0563± 0.0005 ) (J )

Then
Hence

K 2=( 0.0563± 0.0005 ) (J )

The percent change in kinetic energy

C %=¿ K 2−K 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.0563−0.0711∨ ¿ =20.8 % ¿ ¿

K1 0.0711

In conclusion: We can notice that the average total momentum and kinetic energy after

an elastic collision is less than before the collision. But the results are acceptable because

the collision is not completely elastic.

2. Inelastic collision

a. Calculation of the velocities :

-V1:

The uncertainty of t:

√∑
10 10
1
t 1= ∑ t =0.245( s) s . d=
10 i=1 i
¿¿¿¿
i=1
s .d
S . D= =0.0009(s)
√10

The uncertainty of v:

s 0.1 m
v1 ≈ = =0.408( )
t 1 0.245 s

'
∆ v 1=v 1 (
√ ∆t 2
'
t1
m
) =0.005 ( )
s
Hence

v 1 = 0.408 ± 0.005 (m/s)

'
−V 1=V 2

The uncertainty of t:

√∑
10 10
1
t '1= ∑ t i=0.650( s) S . D= s .d = ¿¿¿¿
10 i=1 √ 10 i=1

'
V 1=V 2
The uncertainty of

s 0.1 m
v '1 ≈ = =0.1538( )
t 1 0.650
'
s

√( )
2
' Δt
Δ v 1=v 1 '
=0.0004( m/s)
t1

Hence

v ' 1=v 2 = 0.1538 ± 0.0004 (m/s)

b. Calculation of the Momentum

The total momentum before collision are

P1=m1 . v 1=0.7908 × 0.408=0.323 (kg . m/s)

√( Δ v1 2
) √( )
2
0.005
⇒ Δ P 1=P1 =(0.323) =0.004 (kgm /s) => P 1=(0.323 ± 0.004)(kgm/s)
v1 0.408
Hence

P1=(0.323 ± 0.004)(kg . m/ s)

The total momentum after collision are

'
P2=(m1+ m2 )v 1=(0.7999+0.3839) ×0.1538=0.1834( kg . m/s)

√( ) √(
2
∆ v '1
¿> ∆ P2=P2
v '1
= ( 0.1834 )
0.0004 2
0.1538 ) ( )
=0.0005
kgm
s

kgm
Then P2=(0.1834 ± 0.0005)( )
s

Hence

P2=(0.1834 ± 0.0005)(kg .m/ s)

The percent change in momentum

C %=¿ P 2−P1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.1834−0.323∨ ¿ =43.2 % ¿ ¿

P1 0.323

Calculation of the kinetic energy

c)

The total Kinetic energy before collision are

1 2 1
K 1= m1 ( v 1 ) = × 0.7908 ׿
2 2

√( Δ v1 2
) √( )
2
0.005 ¿ 0.0016 (J ) Hence
⇒ Δ K 1=K 1 2 =(0.068) 4
v1 0.408
 K 1=0.066 ±0.002(J )

The total Kinetic energy after collision are

1
K 2= (m1+ m2 )× ¿
2

∆ K 2=K 2 √ ¿ ¿

Hence

K 2=0.0141± 0.0001(J )

The percent change in kinetic energy

C %=¿ K 2−K 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.0141−0.066∨ ¿ =78.6 % ¿ ¿

K1 0.066


The kinetic energy after a completely inelastic collision is significantly less than

before