11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 4 – Module 9: Concept,
Characteristics and Forms of
Stratification Systems

i
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 9: Concept, Characteristics and Forms of Stratification
Systems
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval
of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,

brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by
their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate
and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of

Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis
Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M.
San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Lloyd S. Balingit JD and Joevan W.
Editors: Alcala Catherine A. Credo
Reviewers: Gemma F. Depositario, Ed.D.
Illustrator: Typesetter
Layout Artist: Mila A. Reyes
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R.
Abiera Joelyza M. Arcilla, Ed.D. Maricel S.
Rasid
Marcelo K. Palispis, Ed.D. Elmar L.
Cabrera Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros

Oriental Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]

i
 What I Need to Know

Good day, dear learner!

Using this learning resource, you are ought to examine the concept,
characteristics and forms of stratification systems using sociological perspectives as
reflected in the K- 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.

Specifically, at the end of this module, you are expected to achieve the
following objectives:

K: Identify the different forms of stratification systems;

S: Analyze the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems; and
A: Develop the value of equality in dealing with all types of people.

Henceforth, at the end of this topic, you will be able to examine closely the
concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using sociological
perspectives particularly in the Philippine setting.

What I Know

Directions: Arrange the following jumbled letters into words. Write your
answers in your notebook.

1. ationtificStra
2. weLor lasCs
3. ppeUr lascs
4. dleMid scsla
5. quaIlityne

1
 What’s In

*In two sentences, express your

stand based on the picture and
write your answers in your

Process Questions: Write your

answer in your notebook.

*Which part of the pyramid has

large number of people? Why?

*Is there a balance in the distribution

of wealth and income? Why?

Proceed to the next activity

to learn more.

https://www.facebook.com/anakbayanphils/photos/a.196894503659321.57811.193483107333794/1311529945529099/?type=3

What’s New

https://www.haikudeck.com/social-stratification-in-the-philippines-education-presentation-Wev5BtrXGx

*List as many social problems that you can relate with the picture.
*Based on the picture, is there a system of hierarchy that exist in our society?
Read more in order to answer your queries.

2
 What is It

Sociologists use the term social stratification to describe the system of

social standing. Social stratification refers to a society’s categorization of its
people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth,
income, race, education, and power.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/what-is-social-stratification/

Types of Social Class in the Philippines

Three primary social classes exist in the Philippines: the low-income class,
the middle-income class, and the high-income class.

The latest Family Income and Expenditure Survey by the Philippine

Statistics Authority (PSA) shows that majority (58.4%) of Filipinos belong to the
low-income class, while the middle class comprises around 40% of the
population. Only 1.4% fall in the high-income class.

The Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), the government’s

socio- economic policy think tank, notes that the low-income class has a bigger
share of the population because they tend to have larger families than other
social classes.

The middle class is further classified into lower, middle, and upper middle-
income classes. In between the poor and the middle class is another social class
called the low- income class—they’re not middle class but not considered poor.
And then there’s the upper- income class in between the middle class and the
rich. Although people in this social class make six-digit figures monthly, they’re
not considered among the elite group of the wealthiest in the Philippines.

For policy-making and public service purposes, the Philippine government

looks at the per capita income (in relation to the poverty threshold) to classify
the income level of its citizens and to assess their standard of living.

The current official poverty threshold in the Philippines is PHP 10,481,

which is the minimum amount a family of five needs in a month to buy their
basic food and non-food items. If your family income is higher than the poverty
threshold, the government doesn’t consider you poor. Wondering what social
class you’re in? Your guess might not match the government’s definition of social
classes.

Income Cluster Per Capita Income Monthly Income (for a family of

5)
Poor Less than the official poverty Less than PHP 10,481
threshold
Low-income class (but Between the poverty line and twice Between PHP 10,481 and PHP
not poor) the poverty line 20,962
Lower middle-income Between two and four times the Between PHP 20,962 and
class poverty PHP
line 41,924
Middle middle-income Between four and seven times the Between PHP 41,924 and PHP
class poverty line 73,367
Upper middle-income Between seven and 12 times the Between PHP 73,367 and
class poverty PHP
3
 line 125,772
Upper-income class (but Between 12 and 20 times the Between PHP 125,772 and
not rich) poverty line PHP 209,620
Rich At least 20 times the poverty line PHP 209,620 and above

4
 The government defines the middle class as those earning incomes
between two to 12 times the poverty line. This means if your family income is
between around PHP 21,000 and PHP 125,000, you fall in the middle-income
class.

A 2018 PIDS study provides deeper insights into the middle class in the
Philippines. Here are some important and interesting facts to know about the
country’s middle class vis-à- vis their poor and low-income counterparts:

Facts about the Middle Class in the Philippines

Middle-income households have significantly greater access to education,

health, and other services (not necessarily from the government). Most of them
live in urban areas, especially in Metro Manila and nearby areas.

Three in every four middle-income households live in a space that they

own, while 23% rent. A small percentage (3%) of the middle class live in the
slums, but they make up a large chunk of informal settlers in the country (42%).

This is attributed to the lack of affordable housing in the cities. Middle-

class workers have stable jobs (mostly salaried) in wholesale and retail trade,
transportation, communication, and government sectors. These include sari-sari
store owners, tricycle and jeep drivers, bus conductors, call center agents, public
school teachers, clerks, private-sector employees, and government workers.
They have higher educational attainment, which is why more of them have
better-quality jobs. Their families are smaller with fewer children. Middle- class
families spend more on their children’s education, sending them to private
schools and getting them tutoring services. In Metro Manila and other traffic-
congested cities, most cars are owned by the middle class.

Middle-class households are less dependent on the government, shifting

away from using public services and leaning towards private ones. This is
especially true in the case of transportation, healthcare, and education.

5
 What I Have Learned

Write a short paragraph of your insights and reflection of the topic/lesson.

Write it in your notebook.

What I Can Do
Directions: Based on the lesson, create a diagram which shows the hierarchy of
social classes that exist in the Philippines. Write it in a short bond paper.

Rubrics:
Creativity/Concept 10pts
Organization 5pts
Neatness 5pts.
Total: 20pts

Additional Activities

Create a simple brochure of the different social classes in our country. Do this in
a short bond paper.

Additional Activity: To be assessed by the teacher

Rubrics:

Creativity/Concept 10pts

Organization 5pts

Neatness 5pts.

Total: 20pts

6
References
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/what-is-social-stratification/

https://sg.news.yahoo.com/understanding-social-class-philippines-class- 020037877.html?
guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referr
er_sig=AQAAAMTGOHZxM-A4QzdxZh3qDjh0uiUhDLmI7MU0pNOejWjACdD7-1vdAH-
aympIIIbsYPYKue_KmBV-V6NkxXXU-HHiHxPxdGNl-
Rdx0rKN50dlqlRqb81fZfkNCi6olHERa_9BnM8I9pkkOhKS_8vDb3G0wTU5XBzZLwBrV08o67rk

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FDexterTanaleon%2
Feducation-and-social-
stratification&psig=AOvVaw0IR8x2XdKqNKtUid_4b5Rq&ust=1605370522014000&source=images&c
d=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCKCMubL1_-wCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

7
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros

Oriental Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City,
Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net