Forum Ias 2025 L1 Test-1 (Eng)
Forum Ias 2025 L1 Test-1 (Eng)
Forum Ias 2025 L1 Test-1 (Eng)
A
TEST BOOKLET
GENERAL STUDIES
Paper – 1
INSTRUCTIONS
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4. This Test Booklet contains 50 items (questions). Each item is printed in
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response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel that
there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you
consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
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See directions in the Answer Sheet.
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in the Test Booklet, you have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as
per instructions sent to you with your Admission Certificate.
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the examination has concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only
the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test Booklet.
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10. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A
CANDIDATE IN THE OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each
question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-
third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as wrong
answer even if one of the given answers happens to be correct and there
will be same penalty as above to that question.
(iii) If a question is left bank i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there
will be no penalty for that question.
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[1]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |
Q.1) With reference to India, consider the How many statements given above are
following statements: correct?
1. There is only one citizenship and one a) Only one
domicile. b) Only two
2. A Citizen by birth only can become the c) All three
Head of State. d) None
3. A foreigner once granted the citizenship
cannot be deprived of it under any Q.5) In the context of Feminism, which of the
circumstance. following statements best describes the term
Which of the statements given above is/are “Double Burden”?
correct? a) The dual responsibility of women to uphold
a) 1 only traditional religious virtues along with the
b) 2 only goals of modernization.
c) 1 and 3 b) Women carrying the burden of household
d) 2 and 3 and caregiving responsibilities in addition
to their professional work.
Q.2) Which one of the following statements c) The expectation from a woman to strive for
best reflects the concept of "freedom" in a child-rearing and elderly care
democratic society?
simultaneously.
a) Absence of any constraint.
d) The pressure on women to excel in both
b) Law restricts freedom.
academic and household pursuits
c) Essential to develop oneself fully with
simultaneously.
minimal constraints.
d) The ability to do anything one wishes
Q.6) In the context of Indian Constitution,
without any repercussion.
which of the following statements would you
accept as the most appropriate for ‘Reasonable
Q.3) Why should the government ensure a
Restriction’?
basic minimum standard of life for all its
a) Restrictions on legislative powers.
citizens?
b) Limitations imposed upon a person’s rights
a) To ensure absolute equality and eliminate
c) Restrictions on state powers
all differences in the standards of living of
d) Restrictions by judiciary on the executive
citizens.
b) To uphold social justice by addressing
Q.7) Which one of the following statements
inequalities between the privileged and the
best describe the term ‘Structural Violence’?
deprived in society.
a) It refers to a scenario where violence is
c) To promote competition among private
inflicted by social structures on its citizens
agencies by empowering people to buy
to suppress an uprising.
goods and services of their choice.
b) It is the violence inflicted by one nation on
d) To take entire responsibility of fulfilling the
another in order to occupy its territory.
basic needs of life for all the citizens.
c) It occurs when a social institution harm
people by preventing them from meeting
Q.4) Consider the following statements:
their basic needs.
1. While Marxism believes in public control
d) It is the violence inflicted by aggressive
over property, liberalism values the
states to insurgent groups indulged in
principle of competition.
Guerrilla warfare.
2. Liberals believe that political and economic
inequality are interlinked, while Marxists
do not believe in existence of any such
linkage.
3. Both Marxism and Gandhism advocate for a
stateless society.
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[2]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |
Q.8) In context of the principle of treating Q.11) Which one of the following is not a
equals equally, consider the following characteristic feature of the Independence
statements: Act, 1947?
1. Individuals should be judged based on their a) The Dominion of India got the residuary
group affiliations rather than their work territory of India, excluding the provinces
and actions. of Sind, Baluchistan, West Punjab, East
2. Disparities in rewards or salaries based on Bengal and NWFP.
caste or gender for individuals performing b) The Act sought to lay down a Constitution
the same work are considered justifiable. by the Legislative will of the British
3. All individuals, by virtue of being human, Parliament.
deserve equal rights and equal treatment. c) The Act proposed to set up two
How many of the above statements are independent Dominions.
correct? d) The Constituent Assembly of India was
a) Only one given unlimited power to frame and adopt
b) Only two any Constitution.
c) All three
d) None Q.12) With reference to the nature of rights in
context of India, consider the following
statements:
Q.9) Many political questions specifically deal
1. Rights require individuals to consider not
with interactions between private actors and
only their personal needs but also the
their decisions in the free market. Debate
welfare of the community.
often arises when problems are created by
2. While exercising one’s rights, individuals
free market forces. In this context, consider
cannot deprive rights of another person.
the following statements: 3. The government can impose restrictions on
Statement-I: Many political thinker advocates the rights of citizens only on the grounds of
for a larger role of the state in a free market national security.
economy. How many of the statements given above are
Statement-II: Free markets often exhibit a correct?
tendency to work in favor of the already a) Only one
privileged. b) Only two
Which one of the following is correct in c) All three
respect of the above statements? d) None
a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
correct and Statement-II is the correct Q.13) Consider the following statements:
explanation for Statement-I.
1. Universal Citizenship urges that every
b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are member of the global community should be
correct and Statement-II is not the correct
given citizenship.
explanation for Statement-I.
2. Global Citizenship advocates individuals as
c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
members of multiple, diverse, local and
incorrect.
non-local networks.
d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is
3. India has signed the UN Refugee
correct.
Convention of 1951 and ensures the
protection and preservation of rights of all
Q.10) The Preamble of the Constitution of refugees.
India envisages justice as encompassing which How many statements given above are
of the following dimensions? correct?
a) Social, Economic, and Political a) Only one
b) Economic, Legal, and Moral b) Only two
c) Social, Political, and Legal c) All three
d) Economic, Political, and Moral d) None
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[3]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |
Forum Learning Centre: Delhi - 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19 Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 | Patna - 2nd floor, AG Palace, E Boring Canal
Road, Patna, Bihar 800001 | Hyderabad - 1st & 2nd Floor, SM Plaza, RTC X Rd, Indira Park Road, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500020
9311740400, 9311740900 | https://academy.forumias.com | admissions@forumias.academy | helpdesk@forumias.academy
[4]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |
Forum Learning Centre: Delhi - 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19 Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 | Patna - 2nd floor, AG Palace, E Boring Canal
Road, Patna, Bihar 800001 | Hyderabad - 1st & 2nd Floor, SM Plaza, RTC X Rd, Indira Park Road, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500020
9311740400, 9311740900 | https://academy.forumias.com | admissions@forumias.academy | helpdesk@forumias.academy
[5]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |
Forum Learning Centre: Delhi - 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19 Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 | Patna - 2nd floor, AG Palace, E Boring Canal
Road, Patna, Bihar 800001 | Hyderabad - 1st & 2nd Floor, SM Plaza, RTC X Rd, Indira Park Road, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500020
9311740400, 9311740900 | https://academy.forumias.com | admissions@forumias.academy | helpdesk@forumias.academy
[6]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |
Forum Learning Centre: Delhi - 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19 Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 | Patna - 2nd floor, AG Palace, E Boring Canal
Road, Patna, Bihar 800001 | Hyderabad - 1st & 2nd Floor, SM Plaza, RTC X Rd, Indira Park Road, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500020
9311740400, 9311740900 | https://academy.forumias.com | admissions@forumias.academy | helpdesk@forumias.academy
[9]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211101 |
Q.1)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct. The Indian Constitution provides for only a single citizenship, that is, the
Indian citizenship. The citizens in India owe allegiance only to the Union. There is no separate state
citizenship. Also, when an Indian citizen voluntarily acquires the citizenship of another country, his
Indian citizenship automatically terminates.
There is only one domicile allowed in India. Domicile Certificate can be made only in one State/UT. In
2010, the Uttarakhand High Court declared that there is no separate domicile for each State and there is
only one domicile for the entire country. (Domicile not to be confused with residence. A person can have
multiple residences, but single domicile.)
Statement 2 is incorrect. The President is the Head of the Indian State. In India, both a citizen by birth
as well as a naturalised citizen are eligible for the office of President. Thus, a naturalized citizen can
become the Head of the State in India.
This is different from USA, where only a citizen by birth (and not a naturalised citizen) is eligible for the
office of President.
Statement 3 is incorrect. A foreigner, who has been earlier granted Indian citizenship, can be deprived of
his citizenship. Any person who has acquired Indian citizenship by naturalization/ registration/ or simply
being an ordinary resident of India not less than 5 years immediately preceding the commencement of
the Constitution, can be deprived of his/her citizenship on grounds mentioned in Section 10 of the
Citizenship Act, 1955.
Source:) UPSC CSE Pre 2021
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Citizenship
Subtopic:)
Q.2)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Freedom is a fundamental concept in democratic societies, where it encompasses not only the absence of
restraint but also the presence of enabling conditions that allow individuals to achieve their potential. It is
closely linked with rights and responsibilities, where the law plays a crucial role in ensuring that one
person's freedoms do not become constraints for others.
Option a is incorrect: Freedom in a democratic society is not simply the absence of any constraints but
involves responsibly exercising one's rights without infringing on the rights of others.
Option b is incorrect: While law does restrict freedom, it does so primarily to balance one's freedom with
that of others. The purpose of these laws is to balance individual freedom with social order and justice.
Option c is correct: Freedom in a democratic society emphasizes the ability of individuals to develop fully
and express themselves with minimal constraints, implying a balance between personal liberty and social
responsibility.
Option d is incorrect: Freedom in a democratic society is not about acting without considering the
impact on others; it is about acting within a framework that respects the rights and freedoms of all
members of society.
Knowledge Base:
1) In ethics, freedom can be described as a situation where people behave as moral agents based on
their own preferences and rational decisions.
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[1]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211101 |
2) From a philosophical perspective, freedom can be defined as the capacity to determine one's own
choices.
Source:) https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?keps1=0-10
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?keps1=2-10
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Freedom
Subtopic:)
Q.3)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect: absolute equality is a utopic concept and does not really exist in any society.
Certain differences are inherent in all human beings, leading to different outcomes, efficiency levels, etc.
So, even if the government ensures basic minimum standards of life, absolute equality may not be
achieved. Further, justice does not require absolute equality.
Option b is correct: The government should ensure basic minimum standards of life to all citizens to
uphold social justice and address the significant divisions between the privileged and the deprived in
society. By providing essential requirements- nourishment, housing, clean drinking water, education, and
a minimum wage- the government can ensure equal opportunities for all individuals. Thus,
governments can play a crucial role in reducing inequalities and fostering fairness in society.
Option c is incorrect: Empowerment of people is the underlying objective of providing basic minimum
facilities. Encouraging competition among private agencies is one of the secondary objectives of
providing basic minimum standards of life for people while social justice being the primary objective.
Option d is incorrect: By facilitating/fulfilling all the basic needs of life of all the citizens, the
government does not aim to monopolize the basic minimum services. Hence, the statement given is
incorrect.
Source:) NCERT Class XI: Political Theory (Chapter 4, pages 62-64)
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Social Justice
Subtopic:)
Q.4)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer
Statement 1 is correct. Marxism argues that the root cause of entrenched inequality was private
ownership of important economic resources such as oil, or land, or forests, as well as other forms of
property. He pointed out that such private ownership did not only make the class of owners wealthy, it
also gave them political power. Thus, there should be public ownership of important resources and
property.
Liberals on the other hand uphold the principle of competition as the most efficient and fair way of
distributing resources and rewards in society. They believe that while states may have to intervene to try
and ensure a minimum standard of living and equal opportunities for all, this cannot by itself bring
equality and justice to society. Competition between people in free and fair conditions is the most just
and efficient way of distributing rewards in a society.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Marxists and socialists feel that economic inequality provides support to
other forms of social inequality such as differences of rank or privilege. However, liberals do not believe
that political, economic and social inequalities are necessarily linked. They maintain that inequalities in
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[2]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211101 |
each of these spheres should be tackled appropriately. Thus, a democracy could help to provide political
equality, but it might be necessary to also devise different strategies to deal with social differences and
economic inequalities.
Statement 3 is correct. One common agreement between Gandhism and Marxism is the final goal of
stateless and classless society, whereas means to achieve these final goals differ. For Marx, the State is
an instrument of oppression and an organ of the bourgeoisie that only works for maintaining class
dominance. Similarly for Gandhi, in an ideal state, there is no State. In the ideal state, there is no
political power because there is no State.
Source:) Political Theory, NCERT XI, Chapter-3, Pg. 43-44
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Equality
Subtopic:)
Q.5)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
“Double Burden” represents the discriminatory conditions for women in a patriarchal society. This term
highlights the additional challenges women face in balancing their work and personal lives.
Statement a is incorrect: ‘Double burden’ does pertain neither to the responsibility of women for
upholding traditional religious virtues nor to the goals of modernizing themselves. Hence, statement 1
is incorrect.
Statement b is correct: In a typical patriarchal society, where men are responsible for work in the ‘public
domain’, women are considered responsible for household and caregiving work. But the women, who also
work in the public domain in a professional capacity or otherwise, face the double burden of workplace
responsibilities and household responsibilities.
Statement c is incorrect: Both child-rearing and elderly care are components of caregiving activities.
Whereas, as discussed above, dual burden deals with the women engaged in both-household as well as
professional work. So, the given statement does not explain the essence of the term ‘dual burden’.
Statement d is incorrect: The term ‘Dual Burden’ does not deal with academic pursuits in particular.
Hence, the statement is incorrect.
Source:) NCERT Class XI: Political Theory (Chapter 3, page 42)
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Equality
Subtopic:)
Q.6)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer
The phrase ‘reasonable restriction’ connotes that the limitation imposed upon a person in enjoyment of
the right should not be arbitrary or of an excessive nature so as to harm public interest. The word
“reasonableness” has not been defined anywhere in the Constitution, and it depends on law to law. The
term used for such justifiable constraints is ‘reasonable restrictions.’ The restrictions may be there but
they must be reasonable, i.e., capable of being defended by reason, not excessive, not out of proportion to
the action being restricted, since then it would impinge on the general condition of freedom in society
option b is correct.
Source:) Political Theory by NCERT, Chapter 2
Subject:) Polity
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