Forum Ias 2025 L1 Test-1 (Eng)

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PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO


T.B.C. : FIAS-PTS25 Test Booklet Series
Serial No.

A
TEST BOOKLET
GENERAL STUDIES
Paper – 1

Maximum Marks: 100 Time Allowed: ONE HOUR

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[1]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |

Q.1) With reference to India, consider the How many statements given above are
following statements: correct?
1. There is only one citizenship and one a) Only one
domicile. b) Only two
2. A Citizen by birth only can become the c) All three
Head of State. d) None
3. A foreigner once granted the citizenship
cannot be deprived of it under any Q.5) In the context of Feminism, which of the
circumstance. following statements best describes the term
Which of the statements given above is/are “Double Burden”?
correct? a) The dual responsibility of women to uphold
a) 1 only traditional religious virtues along with the
b) 2 only goals of modernization.
c) 1 and 3 b) Women carrying the burden of household
d) 2 and 3 and caregiving responsibilities in addition
to their professional work.
Q.2) Which one of the following statements c) The expectation from a woman to strive for
best reflects the concept of "freedom" in a child-rearing and elderly care
democratic society?
simultaneously.
a) Absence of any constraint.
d) The pressure on women to excel in both
b) Law restricts freedom.
academic and household pursuits
c) Essential to develop oneself fully with
simultaneously.
minimal constraints.
d) The ability to do anything one wishes
Q.6) In the context of Indian Constitution,
without any repercussion.
which of the following statements would you
accept as the most appropriate for ‘Reasonable
Q.3) Why should the government ensure a
Restriction’?
basic minimum standard of life for all its
a) Restrictions on legislative powers.
citizens?
b) Limitations imposed upon a person’s rights
a) To ensure absolute equality and eliminate
c) Restrictions on state powers
all differences in the standards of living of
d) Restrictions by judiciary on the executive
citizens.
b) To uphold social justice by addressing
Q.7) Which one of the following statements
inequalities between the privileged and the
best describe the term ‘Structural Violence’?
deprived in society.
a) It refers to a scenario where violence is
c) To promote competition among private
inflicted by social structures on its citizens
agencies by empowering people to buy
to suppress an uprising.
goods and services of their choice.
b) It is the violence inflicted by one nation on
d) To take entire responsibility of fulfilling the
another in order to occupy its territory.
basic needs of life for all the citizens.
c) It occurs when a social institution harm
people by preventing them from meeting
Q.4) Consider the following statements:
their basic needs.
1. While Marxism believes in public control
d) It is the violence inflicted by aggressive
over property, liberalism values the
states to insurgent groups indulged in
principle of competition.
Guerrilla warfare.
2. Liberals believe that political and economic
inequality are interlinked, while Marxists
do not believe in existence of any such
linkage.
3. Both Marxism and Gandhism advocate for a
stateless society.

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[2]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |

Q.8) In context of the principle of treating Q.11) Which one of the following is not a
equals equally, consider the following characteristic feature of the Independence
statements: Act, 1947?
1. Individuals should be judged based on their a) The Dominion of India got the residuary
group affiliations rather than their work territory of India, excluding the provinces
and actions. of Sind, Baluchistan, West Punjab, East
2. Disparities in rewards or salaries based on Bengal and NWFP.
caste or gender for individuals performing b) The Act sought to lay down a Constitution
the same work are considered justifiable. by the Legislative will of the British
3. All individuals, by virtue of being human, Parliament.
deserve equal rights and equal treatment. c) The Act proposed to set up two
How many of the above statements are independent Dominions.
correct? d) The Constituent Assembly of India was
a) Only one given unlimited power to frame and adopt
b) Only two any Constitution.
c) All three
d) None Q.12) With reference to the nature of rights in
context of India, consider the following
statements:
Q.9) Many political questions specifically deal
1. Rights require individuals to consider not
with interactions between private actors and
only their personal needs but also the
their decisions in the free market. Debate
welfare of the community.
often arises when problems are created by
2. While exercising one’s rights, individuals
free market forces. In this context, consider
cannot deprive rights of another person.
the following statements: 3. The government can impose restrictions on
Statement-I: Many political thinker advocates the rights of citizens only on the grounds of
for a larger role of the state in a free market national security.
economy. How many of the statements given above are
Statement-II: Free markets often exhibit a correct?
tendency to work in favor of the already a) Only one
privileged. b) Only two
Which one of the following is correct in c) All three
respect of the above statements? d) None
a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
correct and Statement-II is the correct Q.13) Consider the following statements:
explanation for Statement-I.
1. Universal Citizenship urges that every
b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are member of the global community should be
correct and Statement-II is not the correct
given citizenship.
explanation for Statement-I.
2. Global Citizenship advocates individuals as
c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
members of multiple, diverse, local and
incorrect.
non-local networks.
d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is
3. India has signed the UN Refugee
correct.
Convention of 1951 and ensures the
protection and preservation of rights of all
Q.10) The Preamble of the Constitution of refugees.
India envisages justice as encompassing which How many statements given above are
of the following dimensions? correct?
a) Social, Economic, and Political a) Only one
b) Economic, Legal, and Moral b) Only two
c) Social, Political, and Legal c) All three
d) Economic, Political, and Moral d) None

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[3]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |

Q.14) Consider the following fundamental Western or European nationalism. In this


rights: context, consider the following statements:
1. Right to equality of opportunity in public 1. Nationalism promoted Militarism and
employment. Aggression.
2. Right to life and liberty. 2. Nationalism is a force that Suppresses
3. Right to freedom of speech and Individual Freedom.
expression. 3. Nationalism often justified unethical
4. Prohibition of employment of children in behaviour.
hazardous jobs How many of the above statements are correct
5. Freedom to manage religious affairs. regarding the Opposition of Eurocentric idea
How many of the above given fundamental of Nationalism by him?
rights in India are available only to its citizens? a) Only one
a) Only two b) Only two
b) Only three c) All three
c) Only four d) None
d) All five
Q.18) Number of collective groups like lingual,
Q.15) How many of the following factors justify kinship and religious groups are found in any
the freedom of expression even for those who society. In this context, how a Nation is
espouse ideas that appear ‘false’ or misleading different from other collective group of people
today? found in society?
1. An idea can never be completely false. a) It lacks a shared cultural identity.
2. Truth emerges only through a conflict of b) It is not associated with a specific territory.
opposing views. c) It encompasses shared history, language,
3. Idea of truth is subjective and changes with and governance among others.
time. d) It is solely defined by economic status.
4. Conflict of ideas has continuing value for all
times. Q.19) Indian secularism is fundamentally
Select the correct answer using the codes different from Western secularism. In this
given below: context, which of the following statements is
a) Only one correct?
b) Only two a) Indian Secularism prioritizes the
c) Only three dominance of a particular religion, while
d) All four Western Secularism advocates for the
separation of religion from state affairs.
Q.16) Amit and Jaya are Indian citizens residing b) Indian Secularism allows state intervention
in California, USA. Kajol is their first child born in religious matters, while Western
on 3rd January 2024 in California, USA. In April Secularism emphasizes freedom from state
2024, they registered their daughter Kajol’s interference in religious affairs.
birth with Indian consulate on priority basis. c) Indian Secularism prioritizes minority
Accordingly, she was granted Indian rights over majority interests, while
Citizenship. Kajol got the Indian citizenship by Western Secularism upholds the principle
which of the following method? of majority rule.
a) Birth d) Indian Secularism encourages state aid to a
b) Descent particular religion, while Western
c) Naturalization Secularism prohibits state funding for
d) Registration religious organizations.

Q.17) Rabindranath Tagore was of the opinion


that the term nationalism was derived from
the term nation-state. He warned non-
European countries about the dangers of

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[4]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |

Q.20) In the context of Development, “Social d) Everyone contributes according to their


cost of Development” is best described by: ability and receives according to their
a) The Social advancements achieved through needs.
development endeavours.
b) The economic benefits accrued from Q.24) With reference to Swantantra party,
developmental projects. consider the following statements:
c) The governmental regulations imposed on 1. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari.
developmental activities. 2. Its ideology centered around socialism and
d) The adverse effects on communities and state control over the economy.
individuals resulting from development 3. It emerged as the single largest opposition
initiatives. party in the first Lok Sabha.
How many of the above statements are
Q.21) The ideal of 'Welfare State' in the Indian correct?
Constitution is enshrined in its a) Only one
a) Preamble b) Only two
b) Directive Principles of State Policy c) All three
c) Fundamental Rights d) None
d) Seventh Schedule
Q.25) Who among the following said that
Q.22) With refence to the emergence of Democracy means a system of ‘Government by
linguistic states, consider the following Consent’?
statements: a) John Locke
Statement-I: Andhra state emerged as the b) J.S. Mill
first linguistic state of India, marking a c) Jeremy Bentham
significant milestone in the process of state d) J.J. Rousseau
reorganization.
Statement-II: The Fazl Ali Commission Q.26) With reference to democracy, consider
submitted its report in 1953 which provided the following statements:
the foundation for the creation of linguistic Statement-I: The presence of ‘Written
state. Constitution’ is one of the fundamental
Which one of the following is correct in requirements of democracy.
respect of the above statements? Statement-II: A Written constitution limits the
a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are power of government and protects the basic
correct and Statement-II is the correct rights of citizens.
explanation for Statement-I. Which one of the following is correct in
b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are respect of the above statements?
correct and Statement-II is not the correct a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
explanation for Statement-I. correct, and Statement-II is the correct
c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is explanation for Statement-I.
incorrect. b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct, and Statement-II is not the correct
correct. explanation for Statement-I.
c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is
Q.23) Which one of the following statements incorrect.
best reflects the ‘socialist view’ of equality? d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II
a) Individual effort should determine one's is correct.
social and economic status.
b) All members of society should have equal
access to resources and opportunities.
c) Government should have minimal
intervention in the economy, promoting
free markets.

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[5]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |

Q.27) Consider the following events: Q.32) In the context of development of


1. Bandung Conference planning in India, consider the following
2. Beginning of Indo- China War statements:
3. Establishment of NATO 1. Resolution for setting up the National
4. Formation of Bangladesh Planning Committee was passed at the
Which one of the following is the correct Haripura session of Indian National
chronological order of the above? Congress in 1938.
a) 3-1-4-2 2. In the Bombay plan, industrialists rejected
b) 1-2-4-3 the ‘mixed economy’ model and advocated
c) 3-1-2-4 for privatization of basic industries.
d) 2-1-4-3 3. The First Five Year Plan focused more on
rapid industrialization rather than
Q.28) ‘Privy purse’ was a special privilege given agriculture.
to former princes' by Indian government after How many of the above statements are
integration of Princely States. Which of the correct?
following constitutional Amendment Act a) Only one
abolished ‘Privy purse’ in India? b) Only two
a) Seventh Amendment c) All three
b) Ninth Amendment d) None
c) Twenty Sixth Amendment
d) Forty Second Amendment Q.33) Consider the following statements with
reference to the Anti-arrack movements:
Q.29) Emergency was proclaimed in India on 1. It was started in the Nellore District of
the grounds of internal disturbance during the Andhra Pradesh.
Presidentship of: 2. The movement mobilized women,
a) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed demanding a ban on the sale of alcohol in
b) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy their neighbourhood.
c) Zakir Hussain Which of the statements given above is/are
d) Varahagiri Venkata Giri correct?
a) 1 only
Q.30) Consider the following statements: b) 2 only
1. Fundamental Duties can be enforced by c) Both 1 and 2
law. d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Fundamental Duties added through 44th
constitutional amendment prescribed the Q.34) With reference to regional movements in
duty to protect the natural environment post-independence India, consider the
and wildlife. following statements about Dravidian
3. Fundamental Duties are applicable to both movement:
citizens of India and the foreigners. 1. It was a violent movement that caused
4. Fundamental Duties were originally unrest and disrupted the production of
recommended by the Swaran Singh essential goods for the public.
Committee. 2. The Dravidar Kazhagam was formed under
How many of the above statements are the leadership of E.V. Ramasami ‘Periyar’.
correct? 3. The Dravidar Kazhagam strongly opposed
a) Only one the Brahmins’ dominance and affirmed
b) Only two regional pride.
c) Only three How many of the above statements are
d) All four correct?
a) Only one
Q.31) Which one of the following is not an b) Only two
Indian form of Socialism? c) All three
a) Democratic Socialism d) None
b) Radical Socialism
c) Communitarian Socialism
d) Nehruvian Socialism

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[6]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 211101 |

Q.49) Consider the following fundamental


rights:
1. Right to freedom of speech.
2. Right to form association.
3. Right to move outside the territory of
India.
4. Right to practice any profession.
5. Right to freedom of conscience.
How many of the above given constitute the
right under Article 19 of the Indian
constitution?
a) Only two
b) Only three
c) Only four
d) All five

Q.50) Under Section 10(26) of the Income Tax


Act, which of the following category of people
are exempted from income tax?
a) Members of the Scheduled Tribes in all the
states.
b) Members of the Scheduled Tribes and the
Scheduled Castes in Special Category
states.
c) Members from the Economically Backward
Class in all the states.
d) Members of the Scheduled Tribes in states
of Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura

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[9]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211101 |

Q.1)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct. The Indian Constitution provides for only a single citizenship, that is, the
Indian citizenship. The citizens in India owe allegiance only to the Union. There is no separate state
citizenship. Also, when an Indian citizen voluntarily acquires the citizenship of another country, his
Indian citizenship automatically terminates.
There is only one domicile allowed in India. Domicile Certificate can be made only in one State/UT. In
2010, the Uttarakhand High Court declared that there is no separate domicile for each State and there is
only one domicile for the entire country. (Domicile not to be confused with residence. A person can have
multiple residences, but single domicile.)
Statement 2 is incorrect. The President is the Head of the Indian State. In India, both a citizen by birth
as well as a naturalised citizen are eligible for the office of President. Thus, a naturalized citizen can
become the Head of the State in India.
This is different from USA, where only a citizen by birth (and not a naturalised citizen) is eligible for the
office of President.
Statement 3 is incorrect. A foreigner, who has been earlier granted Indian citizenship, can be deprived of
his citizenship. Any person who has acquired Indian citizenship by naturalization/ registration/ or simply
being an ordinary resident of India not less than 5 years immediately preceding the commencement of
the Constitution, can be deprived of his/her citizenship on grounds mentioned in Section 10 of the
Citizenship Act, 1955.
Source:) UPSC CSE Pre 2021
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Citizenship
Subtopic:)

Q.2)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Freedom is a fundamental concept in democratic societies, where it encompasses not only the absence of
restraint but also the presence of enabling conditions that allow individuals to achieve their potential. It is
closely linked with rights and responsibilities, where the law plays a crucial role in ensuring that one
person's freedoms do not become constraints for others.
Option a is incorrect: Freedom in a democratic society is not simply the absence of any constraints but
involves responsibly exercising one's rights without infringing on the rights of others.
Option b is incorrect: While law does restrict freedom, it does so primarily to balance one's freedom with
that of others. The purpose of these laws is to balance individual freedom with social order and justice.
Option c is correct: Freedom in a democratic society emphasizes the ability of individuals to develop fully
and express themselves with minimal constraints, implying a balance between personal liberty and social
responsibility.
Option d is incorrect: Freedom in a democratic society is not about acting without considering the
impact on others; it is about acting within a framework that respects the rights and freedoms of all
members of society.
Knowledge Base:
1) In ethics, freedom can be described as a situation where people behave as moral agents based on
their own preferences and rational decisions.

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[1]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211101 |
2) From a philosophical perspective, freedom can be defined as the capacity to determine one's own
choices.
Source:) https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?keps1=0-10
https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?keps1=2-10
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Freedom
Subtopic:)

Q.3)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect: absolute equality is a utopic concept and does not really exist in any society.
Certain differences are inherent in all human beings, leading to different outcomes, efficiency levels, etc.
So, even if the government ensures basic minimum standards of life, absolute equality may not be
achieved. Further, justice does not require absolute equality.
Option b is correct: The government should ensure basic minimum standards of life to all citizens to
uphold social justice and address the significant divisions between the privileged and the deprived in
society. By providing essential requirements- nourishment, housing, clean drinking water, education, and
a minimum wage- the government can ensure equal opportunities for all individuals. Thus,
governments can play a crucial role in reducing inequalities and fostering fairness in society.
Option c is incorrect: Empowerment of people is the underlying objective of providing basic minimum
facilities. Encouraging competition among private agencies is one of the secondary objectives of
providing basic minimum standards of life for people while social justice being the primary objective.
Option d is incorrect: By facilitating/fulfilling all the basic needs of life of all the citizens, the
government does not aim to monopolize the basic minimum services. Hence, the statement given is
incorrect.
Source:) NCERT Class XI: Political Theory (Chapter 4, pages 62-64)
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Social Justice
Subtopic:)

Q.4)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer
Statement 1 is correct. Marxism argues that the root cause of entrenched inequality was private
ownership of important economic resources such as oil, or land, or forests, as well as other forms of
property. He pointed out that such private ownership did not only make the class of owners wealthy, it
also gave them political power. Thus, there should be public ownership of important resources and
property.
Liberals on the other hand uphold the principle of competition as the most efficient and fair way of
distributing resources and rewards in society. They believe that while states may have to intervene to try
and ensure a minimum standard of living and equal opportunities for all, this cannot by itself bring
equality and justice to society. Competition between people in free and fair conditions is the most just
and efficient way of distributing rewards in a society.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Marxists and socialists feel that economic inequality provides support to
other forms of social inequality such as differences of rank or privilege. However, liberals do not believe
that political, economic and social inequalities are necessarily linked. They maintain that inequalities in

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[2]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 211101 |
each of these spheres should be tackled appropriately. Thus, a democracy could help to provide political
equality, but it might be necessary to also devise different strategies to deal with social differences and
economic inequalities.
Statement 3 is correct. One common agreement between Gandhism and Marxism is the final goal of
stateless and classless society, whereas means to achieve these final goals differ. For Marx, the State is
an instrument of oppression and an organ of the bourgeoisie that only works for maintaining class
dominance. Similarly for Gandhi, in an ideal state, there is no State. In the ideal state, there is no
political power because there is no State.
Source:) Political Theory, NCERT XI, Chapter-3, Pg. 43-44
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Equality
Subtopic:)

Q.5)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
“Double Burden” represents the discriminatory conditions for women in a patriarchal society. This term
highlights the additional challenges women face in balancing their work and personal lives.
Statement a is incorrect: ‘Double burden’ does pertain neither to the responsibility of women for
upholding traditional religious virtues nor to the goals of modernizing themselves. Hence, statement 1
is incorrect.
Statement b is correct: In a typical patriarchal society, where men are responsible for work in the ‘public
domain’, women are considered responsible for household and caregiving work. But the women, who also
work in the public domain in a professional capacity or otherwise, face the double burden of workplace
responsibilities and household responsibilities.
Statement c is incorrect: Both child-rearing and elderly care are components of caregiving activities.
Whereas, as discussed above, dual burden deals with the women engaged in both-household as well as
professional work. So, the given statement does not explain the essence of the term ‘dual burden’.
Statement d is incorrect: The term ‘Dual Burden’ does not deal with academic pursuits in particular.
Hence, the statement is incorrect.
Source:) NCERT Class XI: Political Theory (Chapter 3, page 42)
Subject:) Polity
Topic:) Political Theory - Equality
Subtopic:)

Q.6)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer
The phrase ‘reasonable restriction’ connotes that the limitation imposed upon a person in enjoyment of
the right should not be arbitrary or of an excessive nature so as to harm public interest. The word
“reasonableness” has not been defined anywhere in the Constitution, and it depends on law to law. The
term used for such justifiable constraints is ‘reasonable restrictions.’ The restrictions may be there but
they must be reasonable, i.e., capable of being defended by reason, not excessive, not out of proportion to
the action being restricted, since then it would impinge on the general condition of freedom in society
option b is correct.
Source:) Political Theory by NCERT, Chapter 2
Subject:) Polity

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