ART NOT APPRECIATING Art is a product of man's creativity, imagination,

and expression.
Plato had the sharpest foresight when he
discussed in the Symposium that beauty, the Not even photographs or sketches of nature,
object of any love, truly progresses. (Scott, 2000 though captured or drawn by man, are works of
art, but mere recordings of the beauty in nature
"art" comes from the ancient Latin, ars which (Collins & Riley, 1931).
means a "craft or specialized form of skill, like
carpentry or smithying or surgery" Art Appreciation as a Way of Life
(Collingwood, 1938)
Jean-Paul Sartre, a famous French philosopher
Ars in Medieval Latin came to mean something of the twentieth century, described the role of
different. It meant "any special form of book- art as a creative work that depicts the world in a
learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or completely different light and perspective, and
astrology" (Collingwood, 1938). the source is due to human freedom (Greene,
1995).
Assumptions of Art
Refining one's ability to appreciate art allows
 Art is universal him to deeply understand the purpose of an
Art has always been timeless and universal, artwork and recognize the beauty it possesses
spanning generations and continents through (Collins & Riley, 1931).
and through. Learning to appreciate art, no matter what
Age is not a factor in determining art. An "...art vocation or profession you have, will lead to a
is not good because it is old, but old because it fuller and more meaningful life (Collins & Riley,
is good" (Dudley et al., 1960). 1931).

 Art is not nature. The Role of Creativity in Art Making

Art is man's expression of his reception of Creativity requires thinking outside the box. In
nature. Art is man's way of interpreting nature. art, creativity is what sets apart one artwork
from another.
Art involves experience
A creative artist does not imitate the lines,
Art is just experience. By experience, we mean flaws, colors, and patterns in recreating nature.
the "actual doing of something" He embraces originality, puts his own flavor into
his work, and calls it his own creative piece.
Dudley et al. (1960) affirmed that "[a]ll art
depends on experience, and if one is to know
art, he must know it not as fact or information
but as experience." Art as a Product of Imagination, Imagination as
a Product of Art
Lesson 2: Creativity, Imagination and
Expression
German physicist Albert Einstein demonstrated architecture is the making of beautiful
that knowledge is actually derived from buildings.
imagination.
Dance
An artwork does not need to be a real thing,
but can be something that is imaginary Dance is a series of movements that follows the
(Collingwood, 1938). rhythm of the music accompaniment.

Art as Expression Literary Art

Robin George Collingwood, an English Artists who practice literary arts use words-not
philosopher who is best known for his work in paint, musical instruments, or chisels to express
aesthetics, explicated in his publication The themselves and communicate emotions to the
Principles of Art (1938) that what an artist does readers.
to an emotion is able to explore his out of them. Theater
it but express it.
Theater uses live performers to present
There are countless ways of expressing oneself accounts or imaginary events before a live
through art. The following list includes, but is audience.
not limited to, popular art expressions.
Applied Arts
Visual Arts
Applied arts is incorporating elements of style
Creations that fall under this category are those and design to everyday items with the aim of
that appeal to the sense of sight and are mainly increasing their aesthetical value.
visual in nature.
Lesson 3: Functions and Philosophical
Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, Perspective on Arts
drawings, letterings, printing, sculptures,
digital imaging, and more. Greek philosopher Aristotle claimed that every
particular substance in the world has an end, or
Film telos in Greek, which translates into "purpose"
Film refers to the art of putting together This telos, according to Aristotle, is intricately
successions of still images in order to create an linked with function. For a thing to reach its
illusion of movement. purpose, it also has to fulfill its function.
Performance Art Functions of Art
Performance art is a live art and the artist's When it comes to function, different art forms
medium is mainly the human body. come with distinctive functions.
Poetry Performance The Taj Mahal, a massive mausoleum of white
but expresses emotion hrough words. marble built in Agra was constructed in memory
of the favorite wife of the then emperor, Shah
Architecture Jahan.
Function is so important that it has usurped the Plato (2000) in his masterpiece, The Republic,
name of the art on the identification of particularly paints a picture of artists as
individual works" (Dudley et al., 1960). imitators and art as mere imitation.

The functions of art are classified into three: Art as a Representation

Personal (public display or expression), Social Aristotle (1902) in the Poetics claimed that
(celebration or to affect collective behavior), poetry is a literary representation in general.
and Physical (utilitarian). Akin to other art forms, poetry only admits of
an attempt to represent what things might be
Personal Functions of Art
Art as a Disinterested Judgment
It is subjective, this means that its functions
depend on the person the artist who created Immanuel Kant wrote, the "Critique of
the art. Judgement" , Kant advanced the proposition
that even subjective judgments are based on
Social Functions of Art some universal criterion for the said judgment.
Art is considered to have a social function if and Art as a Communication of Emotion
when it addresses a particular collective interest
as opposed to a personal interest. Leo Tolstoy, defended the production of the
sometimes truly extravagant art, like operas,
Physical Functions of Art despite extreme poverty in the world.
The physical functions of art can be found in Lesson 4: Subject and Content
artworks that are crafted in order to serve some
physical purpose. Subject- refers to the main idea represented in
the artwork
Other Functions of Art

Music as an art is also interesting to talk about

in relation to function. Types of Subject

• Music was used for dance and religion. Non-representational Art and Abstract Art
ainstrument to facilitate worship.
A proponent of non-representational art was
• Music is listened to and made by people for Russian artist Vasily Kandinsky. He asserted
reasons that were foreign to early civilizations. that with sounds, musicians are able to evoke
imagery in their listeners or audiences.
• In the Roman Catholic world, the employment
of sculptures for religious purposes has Sources and Kinds of Subject
remained vital, relevant, and symbolic.
It is perhaps easier to infer where the subject
Philosophical Perspectives on Art matter comes from if the artwork is an example
of representational art. From the figure(s)
Art as an Imitation depicted in the artwork, there is already a
suggestion as to it's aspiration.
Content in Art - Craftsmen and builders in the past did not
have sophisticated terminologies and principles
-is the message and/or feeling that is imported that architects and engineers abide by today.
by the work of art
- A master artisan or craftsman would then be
One of the foremost scholars that expounded open to hiring apprentices who would be
on content analysis or how meaning is arrived
at is art historian Erwin Panofsky in his seminal The Artist and His Studio
work Meaning in the Visual Arts (1983).
Today, artist studios have been a place of
The three levels of meaning: interest for the public.

Factual Meaning- pertains to the most work stations were segmented into two:
rudimentary level of meaning for it may be
extracted from the identifiable or ecognizable studiolo
forms in the artwork bottega
Conventional meaning- these conventions are academies
established through time, strengthened by
recurrent use and wide acceptance by its art salons
viewers or audience and scholars who study
them.

Subjectivitie meaning- a variety of meaning

may arise when a particular work of art is read. Other Players in the World of Art
Lesson 5: Artist and Artisans Storage Manager
- a person who creates art (such as painting, Studio Assistant
sculpture, music, or writing) using conscious
skill and creative imagination” and an artisan as Studio Manager
“a worker who practices a trade or handicraft”.
Collector
In Robert Henri's The Art Spirit (1923), he
Art Fair Director
stated that "Art when really understood is the
province of every human being. Gallery Assistant

In Peter Drucker's seminal book Post-Capitalist Art Handler

Society (1993), he stated that "the real
controlling resource and the absolutely decisive Artist
factor of production is neither capital not land
Gallery Director
nor labor.
Gallery Owner
The Artisans and the Guild
Curator
Critic After an artist gained respect from his
colleagues in the art world, he may be
Museum Press officer considered or nominated for awards and
Museum Board Member citations

Museum Educator The two major awards given to artists in the

Philippines are:
Museum director
The Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining
In Howard S. Becker's Art Worlds (1982), he (Order of National Artists) and Gawad sa
asserted that "all artistic work, like all human Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures
activity, involves the joint activity of a number, Award).
often a large number, of people.
(NCCA, 2015). The very first recipient of this
Production Processes award was painter Fernando Amorsolo, who
was touted as the "Grand Old Man of Philippine
The process of creating an artwork does not
Art." He was the sole awardee in the year 1972,
necessarily follow a linear progression.
a National Artist for Visual Arts.
movements were made possible, is because
there was a form of flexibility given to artists in
terms of how to conceptualize and execute
their ideas into reality. But this does not mean
there is no guiding principle that governs the
general process of art production. Some of the honors and privileges that a
national artist awardee receives are the
following:
The process is essentially tripartite:
(1) the rank and title, as proclaimed by the
(1) preproduction President of the Philippines;

(2) production (2) a medallion or insignia and a citation that

will be read during the conferment;
Medium and Technique
(3) cash awards and a host of benefits (monthly
Medium is the mode of expression in which the
life pension, medical, and hospitalization
concept, idea, or message is conveyed.
benefits, life insurance coverage);
Engagement with Art
(4) a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng
The defining roles and nature of exhibitions Mga Bayani (Heroes' Cemetery);
have had an interesting evolution.
(5) a place of honor or designated area during
Awards and Citations national state functions, along with recognition
or acknowledgment at cultural events.
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the
National Living Treasures Award was created in
1992 under the Republic Act No. 7355.

Also under the jurisdiction of the National

Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA),
the NCCA (2015)

first conferred to three outstanding artists in

music and poetry back in 1993. They are Ginaw
Bilog, a master of the Ambahan poetry;
Masino Intaray, a master of various traditional
musical instruments of the Palawan people;
and Samaon Sulaiman, a master of the kutyapi
and other instruments.

This artists' practice may fall under the

following categories:

folk, architecture, maritime transport,

weaving, carving, performing arts, literature,
graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile or
fiber art, pottery and other artistic expressions
of traditional culture.

Some of the incentives accorded to the

awardee are the following:

(1) a specially designed gold medallion;

(2) an initial grant of P100,000 and a P10,000

monthly stipend for life (this was later increased
to P14,000);

(3) benefits such as a maximum cumulative

amount of P750,000 medical and hospitalization
benefits; and

(4) funeral assistance or tribute fit for a

National Living Treasure.