PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO

College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

User-Centered Design of Modern Waiting Sheds: Enchancing Comfort and

Accessibility

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

The Faculty of the College of Engineering – PHINMA University of Iloilo

Rizal St., Iloilo City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

By:

Castro, Ayesha Marie

Peñalber, Jocel S.

Belarmino, Camille Joy L.

Lechuga, Conevel E.

Lames, Pauline Joy L.

 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Background of the Study

In Barangay Romblon, like many urban and semi-urban areas in the

Philippines, waiting sheds play a crucial role in providing shelter to commuters

waiting for transportation. However, these structures often fall short of meeting the

comfort and accessibility needs of diverse user groups, including elderly individuals,

persons with disabilities, and women with young children. Despite being

fundamental infrastructures, waiting sheds in many communities remain basic and

under-designed, lacking considerations for ergonomic seating, weather protection,

lighting, and safety features.

The concept of user-centered design (UCD) presents an opportunity to

address these deficiencies by placing the needs and preferences of waiting shed

users at the forefront of the design process. UCD emphasizes iterative testing and

refinement based on user feedback, ensuring that the final design optimally meets

the requirements of its intended users.

This research aims to enhance the comfort and accessibility of waiting sheds

in Barangay Romblon through a comprehensive UCD approach. By involving

community members, local authorities, and transportation officials in the design

process, this study seeks to develop waiting shed prototypes that not only

withstand the local climate and environment but also prioritize inclusivity and user

comfort. Factors such as shelter from sun and rain, provision of seating suitable for

various age groups and physical abilities, adequate lighting for nighttime use, and

safety from vandalism and crime will be central considerations.

Furthermore, the study will investigate the socio-economic impact of

improved waiting shed designs on community well-being, transportation efficiency,

and overall urban livability. By addressing these aspects, the research endeavors to
contribute to broader discussions on sustainable urban development and

infrastructure enhancement in similar communities across the Philippines and

beyond.

In conclusion, the user-centered design of modern waiting sheds in Barangay

Romblon represents a proactive step towards creating inclusive, comfortable, and

accessible public spaces. Through collaboration with stakeholders and rigorous

design methodologies, this study aims to set a precedent for future infrastructure

projects that prioritize user needs and contribute positively to community life.
 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Statement of the Objective

The objective of this study is to apply User-Centered Design (UCD) principles

to the design of modern waiting sheds in Barangay Romblon, with a focus on

enhancing comfort and accessibility. The project aims to address current

shortcomings in existing waiting sheds by prioritizing user needs and preferences

throughout the design process.Identify User Needs: Conduct comprehensive

research to understand the demographic profile and specific needs of waiting shed

users in Barangay Romblon. This includes gathering feedback on existing structures

and observing user behaviors.

Specific Objectives

1.Design for Comfort: Develop design solutions that prioritize user comfort,

considering factors such as ergonomic seating, protection from weather elements,

adequate lighting, and ventilation.

2.Enhance Accessibility: Implement features that improve accessibility for all

users, including elderly individuals and those with disabilities. This may involve

ensuring barrier-free access, appropriate signage, and inclusive seating

arrangements.

3.Utilize Sustainable Practices: Integrate sustainable materials and practices

into the design to minimize environmental impact and ensure long-term durability

of the waiting sheds.

4.Engage Stakeholders: Collaborate with local stakeholders, including

community members, government officials, and architects, to ensure the design

reflects the cultural context and meets the collective needs of Barangay Romblon

residents.
 5.Evaluate Effectiveness: Conduct post-implementation evaluations to assess

the impact of the redesigned waiting sheds on user satisfaction, usability, and

overall community well-being.

This study aims to contribute to the creation of waiting sheds in Barangay

Romblon that not only serve their practical purpose effectively but also contribute

positively to the community's quality of life. The adoption of UCD principles ensures

that the design process is informed by real user experiences and needs, leading to

more inclusive and user-friendly public infrastructure.

 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Review of Related Literature

User-centered design (UCD) principles are increasingly recognized as pivotal

in the development of modern waiting sheds, focusing on enhancing comfort and

accessibility for diverse user groups. Recent research underscores the iterative

nature of UCD, emphasizing the importance of continuously gathering and

integrating user feedback throughout the design process (Sutcliffe & Gault, 2004).

This approach ensures that waiting sheds are not only functional but also tailored to

meet the specific needs and preferences of their users, including individuals with

disabilities who require accessible features such as ramps, tactile paving, and

adequate seating (Woods & Watson, 2017).

Ergonomic design considerations play a crucial role in improving user comfort

within waiting sheds. Recent studies highlight innovations such as ergonomic

seating options that support proper posture and reduce discomfort during extended

waiting periods (Jung & Woo, 2018). Additionally, advancements in materials

science have led to the development of seating surfaces that offer enhanced

durability and ease of maintenance, addressing practical concerns while prioritizing

user well-being (Lin & Huang, 2022).

Incorporating sustainable design principles is another key trend in modern

waiting shed development. Research indicates a growing emphasis on using

environmentally friendly materials, implementing energy-efficient lighting systems,

and integrating green infrastructure such as vegetation and rainwater harvesting

systems (Yuen & Yeh, 2021). These practices not only contribute to sustainability

goals but also enhance the resilience and functionality of waiting sheds in various

environmental conditions.
 Technological advancements are transforming waiting shed design by

offering new opportunities to improve user experience. For example, digital signage

and real-time information displays provide users with timely updates on

transportation schedules and local amenities, enhancing convenience and reducing

perceived wait times (Krause & Weigand, 2019). Furthermore, the integration of

smart technologies, including Wi-Fi connectivity and mobile charging stations,

supports users' digital needs while they wait, reflecting contemporary expectations

for connectivity and accessibility in public spaces (Han et al., 2023).

Psychological factors influencing the waiting experience are also gaining

attention in recent literature. Researchers suggest that incorporating elements of

biophilic design, such as natural lighting, views of greenery, and soothing color

schemes, can positively impact users' mental well-being and overall satisfaction

(Frumkin et al., 2017). Creating aesthetically pleasing environments that mitigate

stress and enhance relaxation contributes to a more positive user experience,

demonstrating the holistic approach to UCD in waiting shed design.

Moreover, recent studies emphasize the importance of community

engagement and participatory design processes in shaping waiting shed

environments (Smith & Evans, 2020). Collaborative efforts involving stakeholders,

local residents, and design professionals ensure that waiting sheds not only meet

functional requirements but also reflect community values and preferences. This

inclusive approach fosters a sense of ownership and enhances the usability and

acceptance of waiting sheds within their urban contexts.

The evolution of waiting shed design is also influenced by broader trends in

urban planning and design. Researchers advocate for integrating waiting sheds into

comprehensive urban mobility strategies, considering factors such as pedestrian

flow, connectivity to public transportation hubs, and equitable access for all

community members (Gehl, 2010). By aligning waiting shed development with

broader urban design goals, cities can create cohesive and user-centric public

spaces that enhance quality of life and promote sustainable urban living.

Furthermore, recent literature highlights the role of data-driven design in

optimizing waiting shed functionality and user experience. Utilizing data analytics

and user behavior insights allows designers to make informed decisions about

seating arrangements, shelter orientation, and amenities placement, ensuring

efficient use of space and resources (Browning & Ryan, 2019). This evidence-based

approach supports continuous improvement and adaptation of waiting shed designs

based on real-world usage patterns and user feedback.

In conclusion, the latest research underscores the multifaceted approach to

user-centered design in modern waiting shed development. By integrating

ergonomic, sustainable, technological, and psychological considerations, designers

can create waiting environments that prioritize user comfort, accessibility, and

satisfaction.

PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO

College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Theoretical Framework

Designing modern waiting sheds that enhance comfort and accessibility

necessitates a comprehensive theoretical framework rooted in user-centered design

(UCD) principles. UCD emphasizes the active involvement of users throughout the

design process to ensure their needs and preferences are met (Norman & Draper,

1986). This approach involves iterative design cycles, usability testing, and

incorporating user feedback to refine and optimize the design of waiting sheds.

Research by Tractinsky (2017) highlights the importance of UCD in creating user-

friendly environments, where usability and user satisfaction are prioritized.

Additionally, integrating principles from environmental psychology, as discussed by

Kaplan and Kaplan (1989), emphasizes creating environments that support

cognitive restoration and emotional well-being, crucial considerations for waiting

shed design. Accessibility standards, such as those outlined by the Americans with

Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990), provide guidelines for designing waiting sheds that are

inclusive and accessible to individuals with disabilities, ensuring features like ramps,

appropriate seating, and clear signage are incorporated (ADA National Network,

n.d.).

Incorporating biophilic design principles into waiting shed architecture can

further enhance user comfort by integrating natural elements into the built
environment. Research by Kellert et al. (2008) suggests that exposure to natural

elements can reduce stress and improve overall well-being, underscoring the

importance of incorporating green spaces, natural light, and natural materials in

waiting shed design. Universal design principles advocate for designing spaces that

are accessible to users of all ages and abilities without the need for special

modifications (Center for Universal Design, 1997). This approach promotes

equitable use, flexibility, and intuitive design, ensuring waiting sheds are usable and

comfortable for everyone. Thermal comfort considerations are also critical,

addressing factors such as temperature control, ventilation, and humidity levels to

create a pleasant environment for users. Research by de Dear and Brager (2002)

provides insights into thermal comfort parameters that can guide design decisions

and improve user experience in waiting sheds.

Integrating technological advancements can further enhance user experience

by providing real-time information displays, Wi-Fi connectivity, and interactive

interfaces. Research on smart urban environments emphasizes how technology can

improve accessibility and user engagement in public spaces (Townsend, 2013).

Sustainable design practices are also integral to waiting shed architecture,

promoting energy efficiency, the use of renewable materials, and minimizing

environmental impact (Cole, 1996). By adopting sustainable strategies, waiting

sheds can contribute positively to urban sustainability goals while enhancing user

comfort and accessibility. Overall, a robust theoretical framework that integrates

UCD principles, environmental psychology insights, accessibility standards, biophilic

design, universal design principles, thermal comfort considerations, technological

integration, and sustainable practices is essential for designing modern waiting

sheds that prioritize user comfort, accessibility, and overall satisfaction in urban

environments.
 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study titled "User-Centered Design of Modern Waiting

Sheds: Enhancing Comfort and Accessibility" lies in its potential to address critical

issues and enhance the quality of urban infrastructure in Brgy Romblon. Waiting

sheds are essential public amenities that directly impact the daily lives of residents,

particularly in terms of comfort and accessibility. Here's a detailed exploration of its

significance:

Improving Public Infrastructure: Waiting sheds are crucial for providing

shelter and convenience to commuters. By focusing on user-centered design, this

study aims to improve the functionality and design of these shelters, potentially

setting a precedent for enhancing other public infrastructures in the barangay.

Enhancing User Experience: The user-centered approach ensures that the

design is tailored to meet the specific needs and preferences of the people who use

these waiting sheds daily. This can significantly enhance the overall user

experience, making commuting more comfortable and convenient.

 Promoting Inclusivity: Accessibility is a key aspect of the study. By enhancing

accessibility features such as ramps, seating arrangements, and lighting, the

waiting sheds can become more inclusive for all users, including elderly individuals

and persons with disabilities.

Community Engagement: The study involves community participation and

feedback, which fosters a sense of ownership and pride among residents. This

engagement can lead to sustainable improvements in urban infrastructure as

community members actively participate in shaping their public spaces.

Safety and Security: Well-designed waiting sheds contribute to the safety and

security of commuters, providing a safe space while waiting for transportation,

especially during adverse weather conditions or late hours.

Environmental Impact: Modern waiting sheds can also integrate eco-friendly

features such as solar panels for lighting, rainwater harvesting systems, or

materials with low environmental impact. This aligns with global sustainability goals

and reduces the ecological footprint of public infrastructure.

Local Economic Development: By investing in modern waiting sheds, there

can be potential benefits to local businesses and economic activities. Improved

infrastructure often attracts more visitors and enhances the overall livability of the

barangay, indirectly supporting local economies.

In conclusion, the significance of this study extends beyond mere

infrastructure enhancement; it aims to foster a more livable, inclusive, and

sustainable urban environment in Brgy Romblon. By prioritizing user needs and

community engagement, the study sets out to create a model for future urban

development initiatives that prioritize both functionality and human-centered design

principles.
 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Research Design

The proposed quantitative research aims to investigate the potential impacts

of establishing a Barangay Health Center (BHC) in Barangay Romblon, Dueñas, with

a focus on promoting equity through improved healthcare infrastructure. This

research is vital as it addresses the healthcare disparities prevalent in the barangay

and seeks to enhance accessibility and quality of healthcare services for its

residents. The study will employ a questionnaire survey method to gather

quantitative data from the community, allowing for a comprehensive understanding

of their perceptions, needs, and expectations regarding the proposed health center.

Research Objectives

The primary objective of this study is to assess community perceptions

regarding the necessity and potential benefits of a Barangay Health Center in

Barangay Romblon. Specifically, the research aims to:

1. Determine the current healthcare access and utilization patterns among

residents.
 2. Identify perceived barriers to healthcare access and their impact on health

outcomes.

3. Evaluate community expectations and preferences concerning the services

to be offered by the proposed health center.

4. Assess the anticipated impact of the health center on promoting equity in

healthcare delivery within the barangay.

Research Design and Methodology

This research will utilize a quantitative approach with a structured

questionnaire survey as the primary data collection method. The questionnaire will

be designed to gather both demographic information and insights into residents'

healthcare needs, preferences, and perceptions regarding the proposed Barangay

Health Center. Close-ended questions will allow for statistical analysis, enabling the

researchers to quantify responses and identify trends and patterns within the data.

Sampling Strategy

The target population will include adult residents (aged 18 and above) of

Barangay Romblon, Dueñas. A systematic random sampling method will be

employed to ensure representativeness and minimize selection bias. A sample size

calculation will be conducted to determine the appropriate number of respondents

needed for statistical significance, considering the population size and confidence

level.

Questionnaire Development

The questionnaire will be developed based on a thorough literature review

and consultation with healthcare experts and community leaders. It will include

sections on demographic characteristics, current health status, healthcare-seeking

behavior, perceived barriers to healthcare access, expectations from the proposed

health center, and opinions on how the health center can contribute to promoting

equity in healthcare.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data collection will be carried out through face-to-face interviews or online

surveys, depending on logistical feasibility and respondent preferences. The

collected data will be analyzed using statistical software to generate descriptive

statistics (e.g., frequencies, percentages) and inferential statistics (e.g.,

correlations, regression analysis) to explore relationships between variables and

test hypotheses derived from the research objectives.

Conclusion

Through this research design, the study aims to provide empirical evidence

on the potential role of a Barangay Health Center in promoting equity through

improved healthcare infrastructure in Barangay Romblon, Dueñas. By gathering

quantitative data through a structured questionnaire survey, the research seeks to

inform policymakers and healthcare providers about community needs and

expectations, thereby contributing to evidence-based decision-making for

healthcare improvements in the barangay.

PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO

College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Respondents of the Study and Sampling Design

The study on the "User-Centered Design of Modern Waiting Sheds: Enhancing

Comfort and Accessibility in Brgy Romblon" aims to gather comprehensive insights

from the local population. The target participants include residents of Brgy

Romblon, specifically frequent users of the waiting sheds such as commuters,

students, and elderly individuals. The sampling design employs Stratified Random

Sampling to ensure representation across different demographic groups, including

age, gender, occupation, and mobility status. With a total of 324 households in Brgy

Romblon, the sample size is determined using Slovin's formula, which calculates the

sample size needed to achieve a desired level of confidence and precision. The

formula is:

Where:

 n is the sample size.

  N is the population size (324 households).

 e is the margin of error (typically 0.05 for a 95% confidence level).

Applying the formula:

Thus, a sample size of approximately 179 households is deemed adequate for

this study.

Data Gathering Instruments

Survey/Questionnaire

The survey includes sections on demographics, usage patterns, comfort,

accessibility, and suggestions for improvement. It employs a Likert scale to gauge

respondents' opinions, with questions designed to capture detailed feedback on

current conditions and desired features.

Interview Guide

Structured to explore the current state, comfort, and accessibility of waiting

sheds, the interview guide covers areas such as user experiences, specific needs,

design preferences, and community involvement.

Focus Group Discussion Guide

This guide facilitates group discussions on experiences, needs, and

expectations, allowing participants to brainstorm and provide feedback on proposed

designs.

Observation Checklist

The checklist evaluates structural conditions, seating and shelter quality,

accessibility features, and cleanliness, providing a basis for identifying key areas for

improvement.

Sample Size Calculation

Using Slovin's formula, the sample size required is approximately 179

households. This ensures a representative sample for meaningful statistical

analysis.
 Scale of Mean with Descriptions

To interpret the mean scores of respondents, a 5-point Likert scale will be

used, with the following descriptions:

Scal Mean Descriptio

e Range n

5 4.21 - 5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.41 - 4.20 Agree

3 2.61 - 3.40 Neutral

2 1.81 - 2.60 Disagree

Strongly
1 1.00 - 1.80
Disagree

This scale will be used to analyze and interpret the mean scores from the

survey, facilitating a clear understanding of the community's views on the comfort

and accessibility of the waiting sheds.

PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO

College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Data Analysis Procedure

The data analysis procedure for the study on the user-centered design of

modern waiting sheds in Brgy Romblon involves several systematic steps. These

steps ensure that the collected data is accurately analyzed to provide meaningful

insights for enhancing comfort and accessibility.

1. Data Preparation

 Data Cleaning: Review and clean the collected data by checking for any

inconsistencies, missing values, or errors. Incomplete or inaccurate responses

will be addressed by either correction or removal, depending on the severity

of the issue.
  Data Coding: Assign numerical codes to categorical data (e.g., gender,

occupation) to facilitate quantitative analysis. Open-ended responses will be

categorized into themes for qualitative analysis.

2. Descriptive Statistics

 Frequency Distribution: Calculate the frequency and percentage of responses

for each category (e.g., age groups, gender, occupation).

 Measures of Central Tendency: Compute the mean, median, and mode for

quantitative variables such as comfort, accessibility, and overall satisfaction

scores.

 Measures of Dispersion: Calculate the range, variance, and standard

deviation to understand the variability in the responses.

3. Comparative Analysis

 Cross-Tabulation: Perform cross-tabulations to explore the relationship

between different variables (e.g., age group and satisfaction level, occupation

and frequency of use).

4. Correlation Analysis

 Pearson Correlation: Calculate Pearson correlation coefficients to assess the

strength and direction of relationships between continuous variables (e.g.,

the relationship between comfort and overall satisfaction).

 Spearman Correlation: Use Spearman rank correlation for ordinal data or

when assumptions of Pearson correlation are not met.

5. Qualitative Data Analysis

 Thematic Analysis: Analyze open-ended responses from surveys, interviews,

and FGDs by identifying recurring themes and patterns. Group similar

responses into broader categories to understand common issues and

suggestions.
  Content Analysis: Quantify the presence of certain words, themes, or

concepts within qualitative data to identify the most frequently mentioned

concerns or recommendations.

6. Regression Analysis

 Multiple Regression: Perform multiple regression analysis to identify the

predictors of overall satisfaction with waiting sheds. This helps in

understanding which factors (e.g., comfort, accessibility, cleanliness) have

the most significant impact on satisfaction.

 Logistic Regression: Use logistic regression if the dependent variable is

categorical (e.g., likelihood of recommending the waiting sheds to others).

7. Visualization

 Graphs and Charts: Create visual representations of the data such as bar

charts, pie charts, histograms, and scatter plots to facilitate easier

interpretation and presentation of findings.

 Heatmaps: Use heatmaps to visualize the correlation matrix and identify

strong relationships between variables.

8. Interpretation and Reporting

 Interpreting Results: Analyze and interpret the results in the context of the

study objectives. Highlight key findings, trends, and significant relationships.

 Reporting: Compile the findings into a comprehensive report, including both

quantitative and qualitative results. Present tables, graphs, and narrative

descriptions to provide a clear and detailed account of the analysis.

By following this data analysis procedure, the study aims to provide robust

insights into the design of waiting sheds that enhance comfort and accessibility for

the residents of Brgy Romblon.

 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Conceptual Framework

Conducting thorough research and surveys to understand the specific needs

of the users in Barangay Romblon. This involves identifying demographic profiles,

typical use cases, and challenges faced by commuters using waiting sheds.

Designing waiting sheds that are accessible to all users, including those with

disabilities or mobility challenges. This includes ramps, adequate space for

maneuvering wheelchairs, and signage that is clear and easy to understand.

Incorporating sustainable design principles, such as using locally sourced materials,

energy-efficient lighting, and rainwater harvesting systems where feasible, to

 minimize environmental impact and maintenance costs. The User-Centered Design

approach ensures that the modern waiting sheds in Barangay Romblon not only

meet the functional needs of commuters but also contribute positively to the overall

community well-being and urban environment.

By integrating these elements into the conceptual framework, the User-

Centered Design approach ensures that the modern waiting sheds in Barangay

Romblon not only meet the functional needs of commuters but also contribute

positively to the overall community well-being and urban environment.

PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO

College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Conceptual Framework

Figure 2. Conceptual Framework

Sustainability

Social Dimension Economic Environmental

Dimension
Dimension

Accessibility Cost-effectiveness Sustainable materials

Community Efficiency Lifecycle

Interaction consideration
 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering procedure for the study on the user-centered design of

modern waiting sheds in Brgy Romblon involves several steps to ensure

comprehensive and reliable data collection.

1. Preparation

 Identify Target Population: Define the target population, including residents,

frequent users of waiting sheds, and key informants such as local leaders and

urban planners.

 Sampling Design: Use stratified random sampling to ensure representation

from different demographic groups (e.g., age, gender, occupation, mobility

status).

2. Develop Data Collection Instruments

  Surveys/Questionnaires: Design a structured questionnaire with sections on

demographics, usage patterns, comfort, accessibility, and suggestions for

improvement.

 Interview Guides: Prepare semi-structured interview guides focusing on key

topics such as current state, needs, preferences, and design ideas.

 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Guides: Develop discussion guides to facilitate

group conversations on experiences, needs, and expectations.

 Observation Checklists: Create checklists to systematically observe and

document waiting shed conditions and usage patterns.

3. Pilot Testing

 Pilot Test Instruments: Conduct a pilot test with a small sample to identify

and correct any issues with the survey, interview guides, and observation

checklists.

 Refine Instruments: Adjust the instruments based on feedback from the pilot

test to ensure clarity and reliability.

4. Data Collection

 Surveys/Questionnaires:

o Distribution: Distribute surveys to the selected sample, either online or

in person, ensuring respondents have adequate time to complete

them.

o Collection: Collect completed surveys and ensure all responses are

properly recorded.

 Interviews:

o Scheduling: Schedule interviews with key informants.

o Conducting Interviews: Conduct interviews, recording responses with

permission for accurate data capture.

 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs):

o Recruit Participants: Recruit participants representing different

demographics.
 o Facilitating Discussions: Conduct FGDs, ensuring all participants have

an opportunity to share their views.

 Observational Studies:

o Observation: Visit waiting sheds at different times and days to observe

usage patterns, conditions, and any accessibility issues.

o Recording Observations: Use checklists to systematically record

observations.

5. Data Management

 Data Entry: Enter survey responses, interview transcripts, and observational

data into a database or spreadsheet.

 Data Backup: Regularly back up data to prevent loss.

6. Quality Control

 Review Data: Regularly review collected data for completeness and accuracy.

 Consistency Checks: Perform consistency checks to identify and resolve any

discrepancies.

PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO

College of Engineering
Rizal Street Iloilo, 5025

Definition of Terms

Barangay: According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), a

barangay is the smallest political unit in the Philippines, often described as a village,

district, or ward.
 Urban: As defined by the United Nations, urban areas are settlements

characterized by high population density and extensive infrastructure development,

including buildings, roads, and transportation networks.

Waiting Shed: A waiting shed, defined by the Oxford English Dictionary,

is a sheltered structure typically found at bus stops or transportation hubs,

providing protection from weather conditions for waiting passengers.

Infrastructure: According to the World Bank, infrastructure comprises the

physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a

society, including transportation, communication, energy, and water supply

systems.

Architectural Design: Architectural design, according to the American

Institute of Architects (AIA), encompasses the process of creating functional and

aesthetically pleasing environments through the planning, design, and construction

of buildings and structures.

Structural Design: The Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE)

defines structural design as the art and science of designing and constructing the

structural elements of buildings and other structures to safely resist the applied

loads.