A

Project Report
On

”IEEE Standards”
Submitted By
Mst. Surase Raj [209] Mst. Tribhuvan Prasad [217]
Ms. Surase Eshwari [208] Ms. Temgar Shravani [214]

Under the guidance of

Prof. Dnyaneshwar Cholke

Department of Computer Technology

Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s
Sanjivani K.B.P. Polytechnic
Kopargaon – 423601, Dist.-Ahmadnagar

2022-2023

1
 Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s

Sanjivani K.B.P. Polytechnic

Department of Computer Technology

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled

”Implement Sequence and views on

database”
Submitted by
Mst. Surase Raj Mst. Tribhuvan Prasad
Ms. Surase Eshwari Ms. Shravani Temgar

Under our supervision and guidance for partial fulfillment of the

requirement for Diploma in Computer Technology affiliated to
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

For academic year

2022-2023
Prof. Dnyaneshwar Cholke Mr. G.N. Jorvekar
Project Guide Head of Department

2
 Acknowledgement
First and the foremost we, express my deep sense of gratitude, sincere
thanks and deep sense of appreciation to Project Guide Prof. Dnyanesh-
war Cholke, Department of Computer Technology,Sanjivani K.B.P. Poly-
technic, Kopargaon. Your availability at any time throughout the year, valu-
able guidance, opinion, view, comments, critics, encouragement, and sup-
port tremendously boosted this project work.

Lots of thanks to Mr. G. N. Jorvekar, Head Of Department Computer

Technology Department, for providing us the best support we ever had. We
like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. A.R. Mirikar, Principal, Sanjivani
K. B. P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon for providing a great platform to complete
the project within the scheduled time.

We are also thankful to all the faculty members, Computer Technology

Department, Sanjivani K. B. P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon for giving com-
ments for improvement of work, encouragement and help during comple-
tion of the Project.

Last but not the least, we should say thanks from our bottom of heart to
my Family and Friends for their never ending love, help, and support in so
many ways through all this time.

Thank you so much.

Mst. Surase Raj

Mst. Tribhuvan Prasad
Ms. Surase Eshwari
Ms. Temgar Shravai

3
 Index

Sr. Page
Contents
No. No.
1. Introduction to IEEE 5
2. IEEE standards in computer network 7
3. IEEE 802 wireless standards 9
4. Notable IEEE standards in computer network 11
5. Overview 14
6. Conclusion 16
7. Reference 18

4
 1. Introduction to IEEE Standards

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Asso-

ciation (IEEE SA) is an operating unit within IEEE that develops global
standards in a broad range of industries, including: power and energy, ar-
tificial intelligence systems, internet of things, consumer technology and
consumer electronics, biomedical and health care, learning technology, in-
formation technology and robotics, telecommunication, automotive, trans-
portation, home automation, nanotechnology, information assurance, emerg-
ing technologies, and many more.

IEEE SA has developed standards for over a century, through a program

that offers balance, openness, fair procedures, and consensus. Technical
experts from all over the world participate in the development of IEEE stan-
dards.

IEEE SA provides a neutral platform that unites communities for stan-

dards development and technological innovation and is independent of any
government oversight. IEEE SA develops standards that are consensus-
based and has two types of standards development participation models.
These are individual and entity.

IEEE SA is not a body formally authorized by any government, but rather

a community. ISO, IEC and ITU are recognized international standards or-
ganizations. ISO members are national standards bodies such as Ameri-
can ANSI, German DIN or Japanese JISC. IEC members are so called Na-
tional Committees, some of which are hosted by national standards bodies.
These are not identical to ISO members. Both IEC and ISO develop Inter-
national Standards that are consensus-based and follow the ”one country
one vote principle”, representing broad industry needs. Their standards
cannot be sponsored by individual companies or organizations.

The 2021-2022 IEEE SA President is Jim Matthews. Jim has been active
in IEEE for over 28 years. He belongs to the IEEE SA, IEEE Communi-
cations Society, IEEE Photonics Society, IEEE Power ans Energy Society,
and the IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society. Jim has

5
also been a member of the ANSI Board since 2001, IEC Vice-President
and SMB Chair, and was an ITU-T Rapporteur for over 10 years. Pre-
vious Presidents of the IEEE SA include Robert S. Fish (2019-2020), F.
Don Wright (2017-2018), Bruce Kraemer (2015-2016, and Karen Bartle-
son (2013-2014).

The 2023 Chair of IEEE SA Standards Board (SASB) is David J. Law.

Previous SASB chairs include J.P. Faure, John Kulick, and Gary Hoffman.

In March 2020, IEEE Standards Association Open - SA Open, (for open

source software) announced Silone Bonewald as its new Executive Direc-
tor

6
2. IEEE standards in computer network
IEEE, or Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, is an organi-
zation that develops standards for the electronics industry and computers.
IEEE is composed of numerous scientists, engineers, and students from
all over the globe. The main AIM of IEEE is to ensure foster technological
innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity.

The IEEE standards in computer networks ensure communication be-

tween various devices; it also helps to make sure that the network service,
i.e., the Internet and its related technologies, must follow a set of guide-
lines and practices so that all the networking devices can communicate
and work smoothly.

Since there are various types of computer system manufacturers, the

IEEE’s computer society started a project in 1985 called Project 802 to en-
able standard communication between various devices. Under this project,
the IEEE divided the data link layer into two sub-parts, namely

• LLC or Logical Link Control and

• MAC or Media Access Control.

The standards that deal with computer networking (networking in gen-

eral) are called the IEEE 802 wireless standards. The IEEE 802 is a collec-
tion of networking standards that deals with the data link layer and physical
layer technologies like ethernet and wireless communications.

There are various IEEE standards in computer networks. We will be

discussing all the IEEE standards in computer networks in the later section.
Let us first learn about the three notable IEEE standards.

• IEEE 802: The IEEE 802 deals with the standards of LAN and MAN,
i.e., Local Area Network and Metropolitan Area Network.
• IEEE 802.1: The IEEE 802.1 deals with the standards of LAN and
MAN. Along with that, it also deals with the MAC (Media Access Con-
trol) bridging.

7
 • IEEE 802.2: The IEEE 802.2 deals with the LLC (Logical Link Control).
Let us take an example of IEEE standards in computer networks. The
IEEE 802.11 standard in computer networks is used in various homely
devices like laptops, printers, smartphones, and various other devices that
allows them to communicate with each other using the Internet. Hence,
the IEEE 802.11 standard in computer networks is useful for devices that
use wireless communication, i.e., WiFi bands.

8
 3. IEEE 802 wireless standards
IEEE 802 is a collection of networking standards that cover the physical
and data link layer specifications for technologies such as Ethernet and
wireless. These specifications apply to local area networks (LANs) and
metropolitan area networks (MANs). IEEE 802 also aids in ensuring multi-
vendor interoperability by promoting standards for vendors to follow.

Essentially, the IEEE 802 standards help make sure internet services
and technologies follow a set of recommended practices so that network
devices can all work together smoothly.

IEEE 802 is divided into different parts that cover the physical and data
link aspects of networking. The family of standards is developed and main-
tained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802
LAN/MAN Standards Committee, also called the LMSC.

The set of standards started in 1979 with a proposed standard called

Local Network for Computer Interconnection, which was approved a year
later. The LMSC has made more than 70 standards for IEEE 802.

Some commonly used standards include those for Ethernet, bridging

and virtual bridged LANs, wireless LANs, wireless MANs, wireless per-
sonal area networks (PANs) and radio access networks, as well as media
independent handover services.

Better-known specifications include 802.3 Ethernet, 802.11 Wi-Fi and

802.15 Bluetooth/Zigbee. However, some of these standards have been
labeled as disbanded or hibernating, and are either superseded by newer
standards or being reworked. Using an open process, the LMSC advo-
cates for these standards globally.

Individual working groups are decided on and assigned to each area

so that each segment receives an acceptable amount of focus. IEEE 802
specifications also split the data link layer into two different layers – a logi-
cal link control layer and a media access control (MAC) layer.

9
 LMSC provides a PDF of standards for up to six months after they have
been published. All standards stay in place until they are replaced with
another document or withdrawn.

Why IEEE 802 standards are important LMSC was formed in 1980 to
standardize network protocols and provide a path to make compatible de-
vices across numerous industries.

Without these standards, equipment suppliers could manufacture net-

work hardware that would only connect to certain computers. It would be
much more difficult to connect to systems not using the same set of net-
working equipment. Standardizing protocols helps ensure multiple types
of devices can connect to multiple network types. It also helps make sure
network management isn’t the challenge it could be if standards weren’t in
place.

IEEE 802 also coordinates with other international standards, such as

the International Organization for Standardization or ISO, to help maintain
international standards.

The 802 in IEEE 802 does not stand for anything of significance; 802
was the next numbered project.

Examples of IEEE 802 uses

Commercial organizations can use the IEEE 802 specifications to en-

sure their products maintain any newly specified standards. So, for exam-
ple, the 802.11 specification that applies to Wi-Fi could be used to make
sure Wi-Fi devices work together under one standard. In the same way,
IEEE 802 can help maintain LAN standards.

These specifications also define what connectivity infrastructure will be

used for – individual networks or those at a larger organizational scale.

The IEEE 802 specifications apply to hardware and software products.

So that manufacturers don’t have any input on the standards, there is a
voting protocol in place. This ensures one organization does not influence
the standards too much.

10
4. Notable IEEE Standards in Computer
Network

IEEE Standards in
Description
Computer Network
It is used for the overview and architecture of
IEEE 802
LAN/MAN.
It is used for bridging and management of
IEEE 802.1
LAN/MAN.
IEEE 802.1s It is used in multiple spanning trees.
It is used for rapid reconfiguration of span-
IEEE 802.1w
ning trees.
IEEE 802.1x It is used for network access control of ports.
IEEE 802.2 It is used in Logical Link Control (LLC).
It is used in Ethernet (CSMA/CD access
IEEE 802.3
method).
IEEE 802.3ae It is used for 10 Gigabit Ethernet.
It is used for token passing bus access meth-
IEEE 302.4
ods and the physical layer specifications.
It is used for token ring access methods and
IEEE 302.5
the physical layer specifications.
It is used in distributed Queue Dual Bus
IEEE 302.6 (DQDB) access method and for the physical
layer specifications (MAN).
IEEE 302.7 It is used in broadband LAN.
IEEE 302.8 It is used in fiber optics.
IEEE 302.9 It is used in isochronous LANs.
IEEE 302.10 It is used in interoperable LAN/MAN security.
It is used in wireless LAN, MAC, and Physical
IEEE 302.11
layer specifications.
It is used in the demand-priority access
IEEE 302.12 method, in the physical layer, and in repeater
specifications.
IEEE 302.13 It is not used
IEEE 302.14 It is used in cable modems (not used now).

11
 5. Overview
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Asso-
ciation (IEEE SA) is an operating unit within IEEE that develops global
standards in a broad range of industries, including: power and energy, ar-
tificial intelligence systems, internet of things, consumer technology and
consumer electronics, biomedical and health care, learning technology, in-
formation technology and robotics, telecommunication, automotive, trans-
portation, home automation, nanotechnology, information assurance, emerg-
ing technologies, and many more.

IEEE SA has developed standards for over a century, through a program

that offers balance, openness, fair procedures, and consensus. Technical
experts from all over the world participate in the development of IEEE stan-
dards.

IEEE SA provides a neutral platform that unites communities for stan-

dards development and technological innovation and is independent of any
government oversight. IEEE SA develops standards that are consensus-
based and has two types of standards development participation models.
These are individual and entity.

IEEE SA is not a body formally authorized by any government, but rather

a community. ISO, IEC and ITU are recognized international standards or-
ganizations. ISO members are national standards bodies such as Ameri-
can ANSI, German DIN or Japanese JISC. IEC members are so called Na-
tional Committees, some of which are hosted by national standards bodies.
These are not identical to ISO members. Both IEC and ISO develop Inter-
national Standards that are consensus-based and follow the ”one country
one vote principle”, representing broad industry needs. Their standards
cannot be sponsored by individual companies or organizations.

12
 6. Conclusion

• IEEE stands for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The

main AIM of IEEE is to ensure foster technological innovation and ex-
cellence for the benefit of humanity.
• The IEEE standards in computer networks ensure communication be-
tween various devices.
• The IEEE standards in computer networks make sure that the network
service, i.e., the Internet and its related technologies, must follow a
set of guidelines and practices so that all the networking devices can
communicate and work smoothly.
• Since there is various type of computer system manufacturers, the
IEEE’s computer society started a project in 1985 called the project
802 to enable standard communication between various device.
• The IEEE 802 is a collection of networking standards that deals with
the data link layer and physical layer technologies like ethernet and
wireless communications.
• The IEEE standards for computer networks developed IEEE 802 stan-
dards which ensures that various devices having different network hard-
ware can easily connect over the network and exchange data.
• The IEEE 802 standards also make sure that the network connectivity
and management are easier.
• The IEEE 802 standards can be used by the organization to ensure
that any new product meets the requirements of standards or not.
• The IEEE 802 standards can also be used to define the connectivity
infrastructure of the network. For example, individual networks, large-
scale networks, etc.

13
 7. Reference

Sr.
Title of Book Author Publication
No.
Forouzan Tata McGrew Hill Edu-
Data Communication and net-
1. Behrouz cation, New Delhi 2012,
working
A. ISBN: 978-1259004612
TanenbaumMcGrew Hill Education,
2. Computer networks Andrew New Delhi 2012, ISBN:
S. 978-1259004612
T.M.
3. Computer Networking —
Bansod

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