Midterm Review

Examples
.
Limit
.
limit at x= G im 第 = I
limfix
afex ) + fn = 70
) xists ② =
⼀三五 )
L ER * 1
器
=

{ ,⾚
a
>G - 符

→ 丰 < 器贡DNE h =→

iafIx )DNE o

goes t infinity s
器
Verical
Asyrptoes 。 , Emit DNE
⻄⼆焱 :
和
∞

X= 0 is
A
. U

.
limit when x
goes t
int inity

品
*

lin fex ) = L
yfL
3
is hwzoutal Asyrpte
L xe - 0

x→ ∞
1
-

∞ = o 的 H .
A ,

x
lim
-

xe - -
∞
⼒→ ∞
Thm
-

squaere
.

for . &in g) lim hlx) = L

if
fxgm ahxl al =

insis 01
第
x

>G ⼒) G ∠ = )
X>∞ Xx ∞

t址
*( x = L

器婴
L '
Haspital
hum 6
, 号焱步 a c

{ 品咔计品世
, ⼀
.

篮~
。 击 : 0
 orevatewith bimits
;
-

given a
fixs
ad agxxists , iafaxeg
) afxgxx
.
爽 ← 淡毙贴
品器叔⼯
pss =

焱新琳 , 炭秘
= 1 . 4=
4
.
Continuity
Detnittom afix = fca
) : )Fat fondamental functons are all Conhnrous withn their drcins .

{器 些
.

Renrable aflxyExpts ,
but + f[ a) fxn = 九⼯
.

Types of discoutnceity :
,

x =2

台
afxafnmp 杀
1
Ju
fx) =
atx = 0
,

,
0
⼗

fix
xa µ
in = s 1-
hxata
0

lntinite
.

∞ fx= 线

x x
201
oscitlatle Coanot ont wheve
fgure
li 的t i
个
的
fix
sinx
)=
v
. EVT [ hib] Contimons , fixs has absoute extrena on [ a b]
,

IVT [a .
b ] ,
continams.fa : y , feb = if ye
thenxt cE ( a , b)
,
fCc3 = L
-

Derivatsle
key worls

Definiim exrsts
。
-

,thefis drffeabe at x= x 。

ix um~ instantaners rate ot

change
Aleagerate otchase shpe of
tang ent

Difteentiable ≈ Smarth diffontiable comhnas

θ
not
diffcwentiable ;

Ccorner
①
密丝⼭摄的新 y = 1x at
1 x = 0

xs
品 嘴 sla
∞
② sp : y = at x : 0
1 + =
… -
X3 ⼼

Dverical taget line :

01 -

∞
, o ,
:
fmd
s 1 - s
. x
5 otxar f .

④ hot continuors
 Derivatives of fundamertal fundins
-

' 1

① fonetion xx
-

power ; ( xx) =α

()
'

② expmential functhon ,
x) :
lnaiax =
ex

) logax' lna (( nx) =

=

③
Logavithmse fuitin 万
:

5sinx ' 31 sinx

Trigno nere fonchin
④ asx asx
-

: :
:

tanx ' - seex cotx :

- cSc

seex i '
seextanx
- sx 1 =
-

oscxcotx

⑤
trig
Invesefunds ,
sing 5 :
a lxl / astxs -

- lxk

)
tan x -
=
1+ xx ) atlx '= -
*

r
「
seetx )
=( Na
, Sc
h1 ( 'X
:*
1N > 1
 .

Rules for Difterenation

u上
uv) uruv
'
' :
'
utol ) u(
-

tutv
) -
u' v + (
=

5
ucvx ) '
: U ' Cvx ) . U( x ) e x)
imput into ul
(
x ),tmes

= (
f (x ) (ux x4 x f (gx ))' ' gx 5 - g
'
=
g (x ) = f (x )

我
f

f "(x )
= 为
, '
( g) ) =

g / (x =2 x 1 )
figi =

xrexx
+1

for
)
,
at x= 1
exampes
=
figu ) f
'
(
pa) . g

'u) = f '" g ) .

f
iff ε )
'
=
4
funetifo
invese

N…
Derivative
δ
. Λ
hx
1 '
then fi (sx
if feal b and
f has imnwerse , then
f
' ca 1
= ftib
)
=

1 ⼀
"
…
-

ux

.
tiation
Iupliat Ditten
2
dy
P+ 5 find
asechain tale
xyt y
:
ax
Rererker th
vavioble you differentatewith and 2xy
-

,
dy
2x +
ytx 412 y 4 01 x=
,

=
xty
-

Application of Differentiatss
.

Finding Extremas
f ca) Estatimary point )
'
0

{
=

Candidates fwextrenes: crittcal points

{
'
f ( a) DN上

end points lif intervl [ a b] ]

ansideng lose .

tdevivative
① First et

if fla) = 0 ,
and f 'lx change
sighs at tho srdes of a ,
then-
a is a oeal extene ,

o 8 f(a )BN 上 ,

i
'

f f f f

! 亭
「

;
⼗
Xf a;
0
f ⼗
Δ
⼗

f
Λ
'

⼀
a
a a
.
⼀

θ ⼀ o

ocal max
min
oeal min lweal
local max
f' a ( )BNE
f 'a) DNE

f change sign
'
f chage sign fren
'
-
ot

froon tt h
 3
② Derivative
=
Test + 3
sebond fax) = x -
x -

f
" '
δ 1 (x) ( 3x+ 1 ) ( x 1 )
f S ' cc 3 & ( c) lweal max 3x 2x 1

{
- -

= 0 co = =

fU ( C ) 30 local min
Critucal point x: -

i ,
1 ,

"
f ( x) = 6x -
2

f C 5)
"
-
= -
2 -

2 co fl -

5] beal max

f" E1 ) 6
inflectylonca
tity a point ht
2 30
fal )
=

wial min
-

f' O flx) is concave

if f
" "
x)
up ( x) exists ,
f ( x) >0
Concavemp
↓ concave Clommn "
f Cx3 co cncave dom

Concave down
up Cooncave

⼈ ⼋
y sinx
=改
?

~→
:
√ >

&
point of ifletim :
smwth curve
Cncatity change atx π at x: 0

Smroth & Smrth

Arcaring Chasege &

corcavity change
Lineanitatin Using estimate ies neighburs
:
tangent lineat x = at ,

Estrmale ≥3

f ' la t flas e
L*) : )( x
-a )
tangert ine at x : a

fux) x =
. faz 1 ) = "

L( x ) fax)
。
f " x) =
城
λ
fixl
忘
x ) underestimate
verestmate
target
□

line at xa 121
a

L(x ) f '( (x 1 u) tfuni 3

=
)
-

-
motion
partial 凶] =
元 (x -
12)
+ 11

f 23) ≈
( LL ( 23 ) ☆2 + ≈
110909
position fomation x )
=
1

velocity V (t) = xt)

speed = | Ut31

acceleration alt = U't )

=
X
"

moving away or thward

origins f ULt )
away
& xt )have sane
sigh wing ,

differat sigus ,
towards
speed op speed down ?
or
if Ves & atls havethesamesign , speed up

drtferent sigus , speed dorm

.
Mean value Thm CMVT )

.thenthere
If fx antanos a, ditterarable om caib exists at tast one
)

is on[ b )and )

' feb) fcas -

point xaC , f (c ) :

b a

~…
亨 cn
f
=
-

彦…
i
…
… f' (
c ) =f "
…⼀

点点 : >

。
RelatedRates

if f '
s afndim of g , and , figowebocnfuadtas ot t ,
thm fag t .
.

a f
tat
的 ne tioto
V= π Tch U .
r , h are functius of t

.
厨

☆= 匹 v ☆
h +πr 装
ot , af f
,
ore relaled rates

we can find ont one ut them

,
when
given
others at a tme .