IOT AND DATA ANALYTICS: P5

Ankit
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Jammu
Jagti, NH44, PO Nagrota, Jammu, J&K, India-181221
MICROPROCESSORS
&
MICROCONTROLLERS
 De nitions
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 De nitions
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 De nitions
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 De nitions
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Internal Architecture:

Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/architecture-of-8085-microprocessor/
Internal Architecture:

Source: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/microprocessor/microprocessor_8086_overview.htm
 De nitions
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 De nitions
fi
 De nitions
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Internal Architecture

Source: https://www.eeeguide.com/intel-8051-architecture-and-8031-architecture/
Internal Architecture

Source: https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2017/08/introduction-to-atmega328.html
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
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 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
 Di erences:

Feature Microprocessor Microcontroller

General-purpose CPU on a single chip for complex Self-contained system with CPU, memory, and I/O
Definition computations. peripherals.
Contains ALU, control unit, and a few registers; requires Includes CPU, memory (RAM, ROM/Flash), and I/O
Architecture external memory and peripherals. peripherals on a single chip.

Memory External (requires external RAM, ROM). Internal (built-in RAM, ROM/Flash).
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., embedded systems in
Purpose Used for general-purpose computing tasks (e.g., PCs, servers). appliances).
Processing High processing power; capable of running complex operating Moderate processing power; designed for specific
Power systems and applications. control-oriented tasks.
Power Lower power consumption, suitable for battery-operated
Consumption Generally higher power consumption. devices.
Higher cost due to external components and higher Lower cost due to integrated components and simpler
Cost performance. design.
Arduino (ATmega328), PIC, ARM Cortex-M series,
Examples Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, ARM Cortex-A series. STM32.
Desktops, laptops, servers, high-performance computing Embedded systems, IoT devices, automotive control
Applications systems. systems, home appliances.
High flexibility due to external components; can be configured
Flexibility for various tasks. Less flexible; optimized for specific control tasks.
ff
Different Types of Memories in Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
COME BACK TO MC AGAIN
ARCHITECTURE: RISC VS CISC
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
Source: https://ucbeginner.com/introduction-to-atmega328p/
Source: https://www.arnabkumardas.com/arduino-tutorial/avr-memory-architecture/
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC) processor
QUESTIONS?