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Basic Components in Electronics

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Basic Components in Electronics

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satyanarayan222125
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Basic Components in Electronics

1. Resistors: Control the flow of current in a circuit by providing resistance. Measured in ohms
(Ω).

2. Capacitors: Store and release electrical energy. Used in filters, power supplies, and timing
circuits. Measured in farads (F).

3. Inductors: Coils that store energy in a magnetic field when current flows through them. Used
in power supplies, transformers, and filters. Measured in henries (H).

4. Diodes: Allow current to flow in one direction only. Often used for rectification in power
supplies.

5. Transistors: Act as switches or amplifiers. They are fundamental building blocks for digital
electronics, used in everything from computers to radios.

6. Integrated Circuits (ICs): Contain multiple electronic components (like transistors, resistors,
and capacitors) on a single chip, allowing for complex operations in a small space.

7. Microcontrollers and Microprocessors: Microcontrollers are small computers on a single


chip, containing a CPU, memory, and input/output peripherals. Microprocessors are CPUs
that require additional components to function as a computer.

Key Concepts in Electronics

1. Ohm's Law: V=IRV = IRV=IR, where VVV is voltage, III is current, and RRR is resistance. This
fundamental law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an
electrical circuit.

2. Kirchhoff’s Laws:

o Current Law (KCL): The sum of all currents entering a junction equals the sum of all
currents leaving the junction.

o Voltage Law (KVL): The sum of the voltage drops around any closed loop in a circuit
is zero.

3. AC and DC Circuits:

o DC (Direct Current): Current flows in one direction. Used in batteries and low-voltage
electronics.

o AC (Alternating Current): Current changes direction periodically. Used in household


power systems and large-scale power distribution.

4. Semiconductors: Materials that have properties between conductors and insulators. They
are used in diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.

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