Module For Ict Kkha

Hardware Components and Its Computer System
A computer system is made up of a combination of hardware and software.
Hardware
All of the electronic and mechanical equipment in a computer is called the hardware. Examples
include:
• Motherboard
• Hard disk
• RAM
• Power supply DVD ROM DRIVE
• Processor (CPU)
• Case
• Monitor
• Keyboard CPU (Processor)
• Mouse
PC Components
A computer system is a collection of electronic and mechanical devices operating as a unit. The
main device categories are:
Input devices These devices are used to get data into the computer system
These manipulate the data using to a set of instructions

Processing devices called a program
Output devices These are used to get data out of a computer system
Storage devices The can store the data for use at a later stage
Communications
devices These can send the data to another computer system
The main parts of a Computer System:
1. System Unit – main container for the motherboard, CPU, and etc.
2. Monitor – main output device for the system.
3. Keyboard – main input device for the system.
4. Mouse – an input device allowing interaction with the system using pointing and
clicking.
5. Speakers – used to output sounds and music from the system.
System Units and Peripherals
The system unit is the main container for system devices. It protects the delicate electronic
and mechanical devices. System unit includes:
• Motherboard
• CPU (Processor)
• Memory
• Disk drives
• Expansion cards - sound card, graphics card, network card etc.
• Ports - USB etc.
• Power supply
Peripherals are devices that connect to the system unit using wire cables and wireless
technologies. It includes:
• Monitor
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Speakers
• Printer
• Scanner
The Processor (CPU)
- A processor is an integrated circuit (IC) supplied on a single silicon chip. All the
components and pathways necessary for the movement of data around the processor are
etched on this single chip. The processor’s function is to control the activities of the
computer system.
- CPU or also known as Central Processing Unit refers to the brain of the computer and
known as processor. It acts as the “control center” or “main processor.”
Components of CPU
Control Unit - responsible for directing the flow of data and instructions between the CPU's
components.
Arithmetic Logic Unit - responsible for logical calculations.
Memory Unit - it handles the memory-related tasks.
• Power Supply – The power supply can be seen from the back of the system unit. It is a
hardware device that converts AC electricity into DC electricity. It could be AC to DC or DC to
DC. The main cable is plugged into the power supply.
The Main Voltages are:

• 12 volts for the disk drives as they have motors
• 3.3 and 5 volts for the circuit boards in the computer
 Alternating Current (AC) - repeatedly changes direction

 Direct Current (DC) - flows in one direction
The Motherboard
- Often called as main board or system board. The main circuit board for the computer
system. Every device in the computer system will either be part or connected to it.
1. Processor Socket – it allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU)
without soldering. It used to connect a microprocessor with a printed circuit board.
2. Memory Socket - used to insert memory modules. It allows you to expand the memory
capacity of your system.
3. Power Connector - power supply connects here and supplies appropriate power to the
different components on the motherboard.
4. Primary IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics – if an IDE hard drive is being used, it
should connect to this socket.
5. Secondary IDE – used to connect a CD-ROM, zip drive, tape drive or other IDE device
to the system.
6. CMOS RAM Chip – used to store date and time and any user settings added to the setup
screen.
7. CMOS Battery – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor – used to preserves
the data in CMOS ram chip when the computer is powered down.
8. SATA Connectors – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment – used for computer bus
connections in storage application.
9. BIOS Chip - Basic Input Output System – center of the motherboard, near the CPU or
memory slots. To start the computer system after it is powered on.
10. Southbridge Chip - it controls the slower buses like the IDE bus, SATA bus, USB bus,
etc.
11. Northbridge Chip - controls the faster buses on the motherboard.
12. PCI Sockets (Peripheral Component Interconnect) - used to connect expansion
sockets like modems, network cards, TV tuner cards etc.
13. FDD Connector - for connecting a floppy disk drive.
14. PCI-express - The graphics card connects here. Other motherboards have an AGP
(Accelerated Graphics Port) slot.
15. Super I/O chip - controls the serial, parallel, mouse and keyboard ports at the back of a
computer system.
16. Network Chip - controls the network port at the back of the computer
17. Audio Ports - for speakers and microphones
18. USB ports - current standards for connecting peripherals.
19. Network Port - used to connect the computer to a network
20. Video Port - connect the monitor to this port if a PCI-express graphics card is not being
used.
21. Parallel Port - used to connect printers and scanners.
22. Serial Port - used to connect external modem etc.
23. PS2 Ports - the keyboard connects to the purple port and the mouse connects to the green
port. Largely replaced by USB
24. Audio Chip - controls the onboard audio system.

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Hardware Components and Its Computer System

A computer system is made up of a combination of hardware and software.

These manipulate the data using to a set of instructions

3. Keyboard – main input device for the system.

System Units and Peripherals

The Main Voltages are:

 Alternating Current (AC) - repeatedly changes direction

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