E—aserv O esr oF %» FP FO Se ee ee nae oye, $e with we merchines - tore eBoy” Ciananedacy a Iie. Type-0 2 recursively renume wale umestricre ol tpinmm aT THT RSR machine 3 turing machin & Tyrpe-b 2 cOmtEKY sensitive (Lang) PNEAE r 1 cenetive carammany 2) Sarteryyoe races + Linear Rouen aA CeInNare: type a content wee C tans) 3 content wee CYTAMPa1) machine: puch DOWN Automara TWype-3> Reg ulawCLang)—3 Reguiar gm) machine « as Automata > only yt ¢ in cutouts - NEA Se Einike automate tuo *Ypes — Deremnminic ic Finite Automata (pray pinks auromata _non —dotermi nigh " Peay i Finite Auto mate volt) Out PUb nea (wen) -wttnOut output —> deterministic 3non- determiniche 3 é non ~ determi nist faa)Finite | The basic e1ement " AOD pe tor) the ematiece building Croce Or ae: anguass : SNR pon te A syMbBT!-— SUMbBOL | oe d Shing is set Of symbols Bones rom ane Giwn alphabets - aipnabet (€) aset oy SYMPHUIS © Z=larvy - > : Sting = Tarp, aAb_,AA bay be, aab,avrmaba, -.--- tengtr ey Sting is ne number oF ch dracted . alphabets to a given soord- Oen'ng > vo E =Lorby tent Crr9)-7400| b 2 worde ? {erxing]=2 3 terering) sting fab, ba boi any }= $024 [erin g| = > SENG={ O0;011021 10710125 20,21) 224 t 2 40rd - Language is a Seb CF worde ce + words)concarenation OF et E=faiv , re is O.. Chm adia wo ee elo Garey SiwWlel ae 3 i Fee twl=2 3 €7= Qaasrawerbarbbk = a4 © lwlee => er = aaa raw abb; bbb? a Sy Wi Wr ave two StIngss FOe™ concatenakhon Or a §Wr2 j which is given as CUOpW 2. examples i . wre $ar by oGarb,aarab) bas w= for WW = F Ao SOIANOs 2). 4F Sooaemes bo ~->-- 4 < @ 0a, 0b) 0204 Si a tee 4 Prewit? A sting dvrained by removing Oo OY . more . tailing symbols is came d prey x: OF a gmng- EXaMPle! w=abe ‘ fay at sabe’ > prey: PrOPEL pTEHKEG as abyA gtving obtained by vel etik Gattic OF a WOTA is canned the © > SING - Example we AQOS Boge 2OREVO Wea then © 1S & eubseing SF Wreren, eeveyprcpixn SUbIX Or sring Wis a SUbeting OF Ww, Ut ice ETS Soe noite SMe pon Wand Gare fol cubs ngs % w- input aiphabes € is a For every sting W, presixes, cubrixes Or | Language Language + OveY O& covlection of strings , where PH ECG are the Languages- the language g Ie unctetined OF Similar 4, Infinity: Eek js similar to an empty getyi-e, eae 72) | withour any sbing | Example we = $a, b4 DH etiiea Language Which congits or Ser Ct amngs o length tie¢! = Fa, boy * Lo 16 set OF SPOS OF length ». La > £?= Sao, abiha, bby" ve APOE. Toyo Au ( as oy oan = el oo hag eauat Be oe . Si + % FRITH v fi La = {©100; 900,-- -- & aime a LTO PP EST IDS lo = G wl] Every character in wo tS 0] — eS one tes OM 2 Nn SIG 22S 6S, O12 5-815) Ly = Soir, O01122 » OOONN227 > =~ -4 Kieto closure L {6 @ language over o inpur alphabet €, tnem the Kleen clocure oy tanquage L 7S denoted By ste Lt which gare Hes a PHOPETHES ike repexive (transi Hye 4 closure , woh ere k 1 €* Gonsits the get OF All words Over c. 2 Wow ot GeesPositive cure Ih € is the alphabet Sse peels Closur re om € is denoted by et which consits m wop 224 é*= Quits eee ee 4 | | + iets utes 24-2 Finite AutoMate concatena non: wirgook, r= "4 (dg, =r Seoncarenanon w7 ool’ TraNSpOS e+ cnatl= aw = Gar oy apbh © alah b ae ab anz aa | gle bhh abo Paindrome * E> {oroy patindsomes = £41 2 904s baby aa, bbs MP sbeay, Ab) B= Laut) +> 24 Nir Pain = Smo, chad anna aka, anna , . .- y2) hong Te AY = B10 011 0% Le on YX= 0110110 5 3 } 4 avs “wBhisy a 5 ~ ar = Woo. eee ae ; nig ae a | Describe the youloding Language Over E=Larby - - ee ei Lye Aa AO, ab*, ca Ly = Fw] we BEE, n> oh © ab” L2= Fwlwe arb, nz Lr= Labsaabh; maabbd> - - -y Lo = Swlw has equal no'ty a and to »b tollows ay. La= Larb™| Myn>ro | La = § b,) aby Aaabhbs et La=fwilw hae any nor a's forlowe ol by atleaes A by. eo: Sony Lys (wl wis a hs {w'consiets oF eauat noroy o's & 1s binary integer thar ig Prmes .he 5 tuple 3 @= St roo € = inpUt aippabe & . & = wansition lebite 2 yunetion Ls A= Mitiat stateeq Fe= Final SrQre EQ Co S=€x@ 3@EQ ; re Q = 1071 41, AH e= Lah axe =@ {401% arg x85 23%? a wn 47 ADM 4 3a ts ; ' pererminishc f gre7d ongaa a single inpur sre Ach to One State. non-AelIMInistic > dinerent inputs same otateRAnr0k = Dy . eS SS eae! Ly 1¥ = Ar : Se ASS on 28} £42104 =~ vot 2 i sp nner SAa nd = Ms r a il §%3:0% 242 aes § Van =U : L=$eee op aw otings erarts with a eo fary ‘ , a 1 L=Jaraarabaaas aabs nea ACenees -- + & inhinite- a pA Language SOSO_ as Trop|dead crate oe ae oe OOO saree AS Ay 1s MOF aceee final staleean Scie ee fINal srate prom coe inition State nen sting is accepted - e¢ accepeance - : B Finite AUKONATA Ae eatd to accept & langquoy fh tt accepts ak the stings avoilaie 10 the language and cimilorly, the siting s chat are noe in me language must be re jecied by the €A° consmuction OF & DFA yor a Get OF AY suings 2=Law} ,such that. length OF Sting is atleast 2- =Laybk » (WI 22 L=Gaarab, barb Aaa, aab, Abb aba, pbb, haar nt 4 Dro a18 a) ae oytenam oy armoet 2. parir =LTarby , lw) aa oe a ba - Sa DONO SSs barbby eben » é Ab wragltercl. Q=§ 401 M1 Aah ed ae ‘Sa Sawy ur Sere A =o ay AB z FE A414 | (A= oh a, aa ee . qa a, 13 J ® ©60OB accepttc| weyected Ty whey no" ‘Dp erates = N41 a4 IWiSD=) hod, stares = ante Y wlzns nooy erates = +1we e=farek Ayre HO. g 14277 ee ten consttUcte a oFrA Over E> LA dy no a's 1D g gvingS be even & dhe Abs Q= $4591 BY is €=fob iC Le a Gp =o ae c Ex Spt ant ,wohose e=Sat¥ L= FAM AQ008 ayoPee oe, EB oe r a3 odd No OFS Sonny 33 oy 8 E=Varey | £ OF ewHe Fe Nery Ue fayanibaraee, aaa ys ¥ callin (oS pa” SP aat aee accepted + reected E=Rarok = a b Qe $a 5,4 3% a Oe am % eeuz Tray /leod Construct a DER where No H'S AS Brecter than 61 equcd £0 4 Over @=Karok L=Yaraviable» a, pvaer--~- |Q = ep “ov “UD come . back - > COD ete er cena nae Crean st each eoing is end OIA L= $00a% abbas ba ,ePO - Pay no deod State b = ky pur COME bocu b conemucr a minimal DFA Orel S=Sajby and each Shing stats with Ab L= $a aba; abaa, ab, abbb, yecoosmuce a BEA ending wite: — oO L= fale», Ee AAANO > Se 5 + FF PN Eee aesete ad : : | de pasion Tine L= Lat) aay aabn anabbb, -.- = °° 4 oe atrw90 to each oln® are aepired 0= pet eSaie’ bind pre which ts having even tengkh Oy sings 112) odd \ength or Si4 We Uew ao bh Aan bobhs abba aabbs---- even \erorh aD arb (D L=QY orb) aad, aba, bba, - - aa — Ai § odd lero _ e- @D) aylo ronsruct OFB Over E=Jar py hiner every % i followecl by 4. 7) LeLab> avlans apanaj ere 4 Grlacad ayo DFA where a ts not potlowed by & L=$ ©) aar Bar bbs bam AAA -- 4 aw oe ao L a Qea2\s2t Sesian a OFA Over eo AlphabeteLaibe Noe etaring WIMD a: lee oieea ee Aga yo & 55) Zhe , 2O=-2 a 7 AP *. A, = Oa DESIGN A DEA Where every a Is followed by bo 1b ‘ 12 fab, aloabyth,.5mirZzo L=LE,a1b6j) 20% Wola, aabor~ 1 i — constuct Q DER which acceprs & language L# such Mat aNb®ct, @ hymit zl L= {abe, nabey Ara beecy = --y a oP3 % such Hae W= fatyr bwa 5 ovey L=Q | OMY WO “Dy | | DFa a's b\< Lz S§abba?, abber, a baay----- y Le aaabaaa,anabbaaa, aaabaaaa, Oddbabaaaa;--- --YCOnsnuce a DER over B=SA¥ SUCh thot Lei or Mmayndyy t=fe, AZAR AIAAAAD ~-} Operations jn DFA! leowion @rconcatenanon B-complimen & G-cmss product | S-revert ur -es ratie lt por the (ANGUADE L suce, nm RHS asa g.conStuct NFA : Har wad symbol. FO Le Laar avy aab, BAPIBAGs saaatQ coven VER. nea stange ee od Glance p>) Gierese Ww | pom aus fo a- mere SENT Cl symbd) LEK AAA;AMM.) Alb, AAAA, - - ~~ f ut AGES) “OD- anely * ; Re ts construct WER ” meni Vow NEO Over S=Lony constuce NER for si Qa) @ ' @ ° .@ conversion oy wea to OFF ‘ A transitfon & NFA 3 OF | 01 oy to Over &=Lonk . 01) ? | | ol P |Seaks |P 4] = | v $anguage Scocic sao nee ering? OF ANY MOO of > Fonowved PY omy ay, %y te, cena by any poe BS OM" Ca Lot oh © se ea es LM" [nzoy ) ROM 66 UN AD Cure t cer OF au 3} HAS which are seacnable ONO Srare PB or wut j 2 0o08 £7 closure (ap) = L201 Ww Ark : t © eclowrt (q\) = £0,008 ExCloMre (yea iootta : eiehtea ca9> €'Cao0) = (ee ioedve cee. e %oré),01) Sectional sle-ctosurs¢as soy)" =e-crosure (£( 121%) 44) 10) TE chOEV7E ( BC 101094) E (O40) V €(2510)) = e@rclosue ( %0 b vp) = €-closure (4) 8100103 = Lag, UW UVY Nags!) 2 er eiw sure (£(4r0 $444) 0 & (45) = e-ciosure (GO vp) = E-closure( uy Gi Cae V) =a ny 8G yr) = E-chosure ($(40 Ao (2 2 e-ciosue( gugv WH) = E-closure( %) 2) OS( 42 2»)re Cl ose = 5 ‘ Cou as ¢ 0) p 5! G v A iD) c aS toss ve US CA 1 &'l4. = a) = ) joss re C ) s'( DL 2) ane ~ CAO ¢ w ne C&C an »2)) ae =—C U osure Cu! CREA Se) . e- gosure'= Leb * e-dosure (2) = & pak C-AoGee (1) = Lavy §(e,0’) eS e-ciosure (8 (8 (p> €) ,0.)) = e-closure ( §(Piany = e-ctosure (¢) | s'( pa") zeOe e- closure (EC S04 = €-crosure ( §( Pe) se) = E-ctosure ( scons 0s CMe) =€-crosure (aut). “ SAY = Spray ee ak Sarcye @-cAosurc ( $ Cr) ro) = Ec losure( CcpcdUS (a4¢)) =€-Closure (vu >) = |@c lOsar€ Cr) Maye) asrs a 8\(4, a) = e- closure (808% 9 ,a)) = €-clo sure ( §( P4117) 1a) = €-closure ( g(eiaju gaia) VU 5 (2) =e -dwsure (Py quit) SC ya") ={e,2173“pay | ~ fa Pay — far |Par! eax Pe | P4*] pqy | | | | Pay) Paywitia € Ce-F PD * . $2101 HY E-ciosure (710)= Lar GOSe WEP “E-ctosure (=U e-cios ure (2) = A e-ciosure(as) =A elc\oeu ve Aa) = FS \ = §\(409D) = Eclosure ( £(4050)0 &(410) VU 8642209) = e-ciosure (Gv0az, OF) = Ecrosue lM) ate $'(a0) = e-ctosure (§(4091) OC TYV cass) =e-ciosu eC $147 P04) = exctosue (ee) = §'(ar 0) = E-ctosure ( 80% JO) = © -c19swe (A) Ee | g!( ars ee closure (cor s')) =e-crosure( 6) =P. {Car 0) = E-Clo sre ( $ (ery :0)) = e -crosue (OIEG™ {3 sure (§ Cord) =e tosure (9%) rane | § Conn) = E-C LO | stevexe) = €-closure (§ (4328)) = Sees ch) 1 ? -ciosu ve (2a) =H SlCaa = e -ctos Ure ( $ltanD= € s'(Vasd) =e -closurxt (8(%q sD) = encrosure(b =P $'Caury) =e -Closure (€(7410)) =e-cl Ose ce “2 iS a wikkout wut NFdenotes emery seem . ge te a mequiow exprecston which clenotes the Set Ley 4 Singleton cee- with © as efement which indicates a null etring- B.Eoweach ‘a in € ta’ tea VEBUAY expre ge denotes the See Say hth 41S are Reguia expre ss'ong denoring ae languages ti Gla then w+s [Ss equivaten, FO Livle2 » 9-92 Lyrbg Seoncatenabon , ots 1% oxieen closure EXample * l. E=fah ope th S650, 0.04 aaa,--~-4 Ee ReE=q*t RE por the tanguage WhiCh aceeptS ath rae Combinations o q OMer @= Sah RE= ot oy, aee ee ee 5, eOnsmicte He TEQGWHtaT tal Tha 3 Re Coriy>*® 00° roy SRO Ze QUIATE ‘expreesion maccesting ermings cobich are stating with Bi and ending with’ Or” Over €= ony oo ee ee as RES Wi CORD Ome te pe eee a + ad: det oO au seings Mat vsegin with WO over weut € =Lony RES Ud (oars : D3 74 SB Sek OF AU Stings tnake Contains exnactty 3 ts! Over S= Lan ee O81. 04.) .041. OF oo, ger OF ALL Sings Such that No-H Ole are Odd over C= Lok - ae ace 0 tooy* é +1B. vem string a? bien inzy 2? 14: RE tO demote over Langage “CONtGining B= Savy such that the 7c, Charactey ee ee ee from RHA FS & j PREC “4 | pE= CA4bd)%, arcatey- Cate) I5-RE Gor Lanmquabe containing [ti at tease 8 UE- over B=Laiby Qs with, | RE= (At). b-(a4b)4.6i(ate)* > o as GFA) i ae |a ARE XO denote tha Language over E=Laiby Such that all the Smings donot eontain ab. Lefe1Araaitotoa, Baa----Y pe= br a8 Tdentity wtes ne RS ‘ER=RExcR " €¥= © Chui hing) (P= Cp is empy sting) »r= o F peer ged + GOERER “RR aR 4. Ret -ptp-gt (Ri¥ 2 pitt na on et oo ns tO AMgvortre [tan chang a 3 ee QreP ym Hz EU 5 a2= Qe az eat eet eS a = a, Sse 42S Sap =a ae an] Gliese ee ===> Ay = Azo + Aay+A2 — rae : le = tair+ aa SE ee = = OF = ot eee orl pe — is ae ON Set eSCON £0 ©) ©) ap = E+ (04D ao = €-(o+td? j i Lae COXA eye © arte Ure -) : a= aie 134) —~Z) | an~ ea Oa @S gulo ® in @ @)Sarb ag >€0 +22 (a46) Ag> ‘at 92 (at's) aye a mew” 4 C6 Ap = Ularte)+e —~0) ae TOs) eS az (a+b) —@) suo @ in (3) Qe Ap( atb)(atb) +E Ao = ((axvy cared) sub 4 in © aN =((arb(are lars)FS > horeshaow OY m> 2a 2 PAE OTA” a= NArEby © . eae 2 Sti he SOF = an Oe Az= Arn +Mbprr25 & ‘ ee en oe a) : 4shar 2 is mq WUtar - -aoaueenee av is also. vege + concarenaton | or Be suomomorenier? OF Zeus eTOVETse no mo mb7 phism OF res fc cae 1S aco T Qua, epevicasions oy e's: E can be modeited by Finite AULOMato eppplicationc + —Text editors -Lexicas anatys ’ 4 ~ ‘ ecompile? 4 trang iare High teveL to Lovo 1 een i language 3 complete prea? or: erprer preter 9 come ac compiler? but Iine by | alate * \ agen een Une. 7 ‘ 4 SC Wee by A i OOK Orn Af site Kd 4ny fh OPH wate , ‘ eee OS 4 ir — Jeverose | Tv be a supe comtctions) ) eek Ow BE {hes Po | ome dove “ Coup | Idewkie te pi ok ay Wewtoney Some Hod ul | (dentiders Syprac drediong enone & d code aur betp In bre 4 ana fore 19 f balld a fymbot talele Syma ar Ind are catey gree {h any emer Ore wu ried Tokeng csap i inp Ac jd \ ; Ut AF Laci 6B)7 Re AIOE w compilation mie Pie Bore sia ty ets 79R ears) os i erg Seer Vent cat Praavuset e Saale Bete AIRS 9etg9 “9 cha iearthiok fmatyel s ; synraxl “er Lyeynras [wietor Chet ok Jearce wee a Weraretviar snk tOKeoSs and korn FOUL oN ved Calteh iS Conucture folowing some MH wecuretve wiles - Lidentger is an enpre ssi0y) a number IS 20 exe7e scion ‘trend Git Er ' Bx, ee yrenrprecsiod withiO parante Hs eo also Ce PreR cy onpre Ssion * Be th UH GEr Ae 2 expre S SiO, j | Syn an Wee em = assignmen’é BAe ae > post hin. + sdewkney 2 oprenston & ginnin Posture ae , 1 i) a ae role gy \ pair? =~ | oe «© & polo = | { saeakiiors nuawelet! | yale ¢0oz = ide 62 RA =e Ae optimizer: improves the ar=60'0 Qacan ee ya = jd2xt2 code generariom ememonics are used td exprecs - mov ids» 2 MUL #60)22 mov id2,@\ Add As R2 mov 1, tdqdridxid Get ES EKE fe Sid Ler: mort chen va om 1H CF EKE dt ere (Eid) jaridte (e314) vdtidt (¢5fa) pasne ar at Atri Sd tol 2099 Ferny USTs 6,7, F | | | soe oe denva Son | Mp. EF EKE | e+e tel Gt idatd Eg, | idaid ‘ Tere 99D ¥ eg e@ maker Unitation oF ee eon chee are | Jerk suitawie to ateart peor Stiwpte computation onivornerie expreesions: 1 SA OOS Rare pits uandg “Cr Wwe cain ONY cone ne © gyRton Or LEAS conspace Ue we can aad cymantic meaning to ‘ ee. CFA production; hen ene wecUItant lovcomed: + Cyrax Oected oetlwition (eon) : 1usihy EDO we can Quicle tne parecer 1D pevterng | eoaluation | computation op tpicat pL constuct irre Set OF all wanslatroMm wules agsociatead wits epp are catied SOT (tyntax Directed Transat The wes are . ; pagcoetatinty ’ a Prececdlamceet ASE jon See Hien wrt ON 09 su ots ann ene Sah BO I i7 oN ae \ cat Nomen ala BOSS THe e is ty the PL Wants TO Ger the proPperty g AAgnt associativity >f-e Wong Tom IGghe sole econ com aaa ° Chat the prductione, are Mah’ preennet ye nee Porm mMogwr recut sion. : er, productions have amiiguits > »ened elfitingg te gacoclat Wry, ambiguity § then eeuorm | | | | | | are mequired by PL: gprecedence. J hte with Fespec, Pre cectence OF operators +O NUmbenng OF Qrammay wIhe Operator which ocaure MYSE wil hae ene least precedence’ and which OCLUY S | last will 6 srhe least numbored groductio® OP eA tory will pave [east precedence and weetersq . 3 waht precedence. productiong. ave nignect ere cedlen ce Woweit nurrbere dlTAxiA AISAG = €> extlT & > ExT ro te €5T Foid + OTs eekey TOR Foid: S ExT (Ce dEXxT) TXT = CEstTy THEAT CL torre) FtexF [FoF] : 2 . 1 + Nae more price deme pee ' gray ida ¥T Lr ord] idaraet [e sidd Q4+ are (roe) Arex td edict) QtDAY TIya<" NS tert =e St Rhein . Cour Sirs; cto, ee oe coe og | | Twegten mags TS z Bese trae) | T+P4E [TOFD Dt anon | raeatd [roid] | Tea ieee : 3 | ergau [roF) yd + DAU {roiad 24 B44 AY proigai ry: goers lE46 | ee) lia BOGHE + EDEAE e3(s) Se &otd ve {ey c= {64 T= gris idgAx & [esiad (A+ Gace L © > tela) Laxtdas fesitdd taetdtld Cesial ae : sf iel4gree Ss “Gon CS Exe [Le tasees) let £ > E+ERGE (eTEtE]) A+ ERE Lesidd -\?sS387 Mogg \dxidke CEsid) id+idseid (CesidI s3as Sb aaabaalb = Sta ane Vax Se ave S=tsy wwr=9s4, Te Ga rsor€y ep art. bees A) as Co as as a aes Lili gh (oa b i Aa Aa aoe aeTotTarle TOTAL TORT ’ WE = | tS apt’ i - ores Wa ¢ {Let pactoyi ng: HM api) Xk Bo ) ASA A> Bil ee —y \e44 poste) aoe ec) jerses/a Saitessila sl5 e/es-CL, s) g Lois} “Ss (sos) §r3ask ee! (ars) Qsaay Carad $saay ( (a4) Caray) Ss ce) (secu) Ch) (L5u8) ) (6G) (1981890) Chipeta) (sed) Gre (05, G5) ag Ca wo) S (cus) (3) a ue) iK (C999) 1(09)) (£98) (eS 634) of (aes,covm) g tt) avy 9) Se (Ly LS L | | ad 7)aantbh ovo P| Aaabbh Abbe Aw 1 Doors a Saas > TOOT TOOT Too it/é ON es 1E00T rT50\ Se Tee rast