CONSTRUCTION

DETAIL
 CONTENT

1 2 3 4 5
PRIMARY FOOTING & FRAMING ROOF & WALL GLAZING
LOAD SLABS CLADDING

2 REVBUILD 2024 20XX

3 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 20XX
 PRIMARY LOADS
There are three primary loads which a structure must resist:

DEAD LOAD LIVE LOAD WIND LOAD

Dead load on a structure is the result All unfixed items in a building such as Wind loads have become very important
of the weight of the permanent people and furniture result in a 'live' in recent years due to the extensive use
components such as beams, floor load on the structure. Live loads are of lighter materials and more efficient
slabs, columns and walls. These exerted in the vertical plane. Live building techniques. A Victorian era
components will produce the same loads are variable as they depend on building with heavy masonry, timbers
constant 'dead' load during the usage and capacity, therefore the AS and slate tiles will not be affected by the
lifespan of the building. 1170 table provides allowances which wind load, but the structural design of a
are based on conservative estimates. modern steel clad industrial building is
dominated by the wind load.

4 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 2024

 LIVE LOAD

EX:
Uniformly
Area of floor = 6.0 m x 4.0 m = 24 m2
Live loads for floors as distributed
Live load rating of a house = 1.5 kPa
per building usage load kPa or
Dead load = volume of member x unit weight of materials Therefore, live load of floor = 24 m2 x 1.5 kPa = 36 kN
kN/m2
Houses 1.5
Flats, apartments, motel 2.0
bedrooms

Need more information about units of Offices 3.0

force? Click the link below <3 <3 <3 Workshops 5.0

https://learninglab.rmit.edu.au/dlsweb/Toolbox/bu Parking, vehicle > 2.5 t 5.0

ildright/content/bcgbc4010a/01_loads_loading/01 Hospitals, school assembly 3.0
_primary_loads/units.htm?#force areas with fixed seating

Dance halls, bars, lounges 5.0

5 LOADS 2024
WIND LOAD & WIN PRESSURE

Wind acts both on the main structure and on the

individual cladding units of a building. The structure has to
be braced to resist the horizontal load and anchored to the
ground to prevent the whole building from being blown
away if the dead weight of the building is not sufficient to Wind pressure:
hold it down. Because of this, careful placement of When wind flows around a building, it can produce some
bracing or other means of maintaining stability is very high suction pressures. These occur mainly at the
necessary. It is also important to tie the roof materials to leading edges. In these areas, the cladding has to be
the supporting battens or rafters. firmly fixed to the structure and the roof has to be firmly
held down. The flatter the roof, the higher the suction
forces are on the roof and the more important it is to
make sure that the holding-down straps are fixed
securely into the structure.
For example for one-storey or two-storey buildings in Sydney, the design
wind velocity could vary between 30 m/s for a fairly well-protected site
and 50 m/s for an exposed site. Melbourne experiences fewer storms
than Sydney, so the design velocity could be as low as 25 m/s.

6 LOADS 2024
 HIGH WIND AREAS IN AUSTRALIA

The BCA and related Australian Standards provide clear

guidelines for the construction of buildings within the
following wind regions:

Region A - Normal
Region B - Intermediate
Region C - Tropical cyclones
Region D - Severe tropical cyclones.

Note that high wind areas exist outside the cyclonic

regions indicated on the map. High wind areas are regions
that have design wind speeds which are calculated in
accordance with AS 1170.2.

7 LOADS 2024
 HIGH WIND AREAS IN AUSTRALIA

High wind construction requirements

Most residential construction conforms to
earthquake design because the bracing that
is used to provide stability against the wind
also provides stability against earth
movement.
Refer to the BCA, Section 3.10.2 Earthquake
areas for more information.

8 LOADS 2024
 HIGH WIND AREAS IN AUSTRALIA

Alpine areas are defined as those areas which are

1,200 m or more above Australian height datum
(AHD) for NSW, ACT and Victoria and 900 m or
more above AHD for Tasmania.

The BCA requirements only apply to alpine and

sub-alpine areas in which the snow loads are
significant. In some sub-alpine areas, successive
snowfalls are not likely to accumulate and
therefore the snow loads are not considered to be
significant.

These areas require compliance to the BCA for the

following:

• external doorways
• external ramps For example, external stairways, ramps, access bridges or other trafficable structures of a building must have:
• access bridges
• access for firefighting vehicles. a floor surface that consists of steel mesh or other suitable material if it is used as an exit
any required railing (balustrade) or other barrier constructed so that its sides are no more than 25% solid.

9 LOADS 2024
 BCGBC4010A Apply structural principles to residential low-rise constructions

Class E - extremely reactive clays (predominant in the

Adelaide area)
AS 2870 sets out requirements for stiffened raft and waffle
slab construction for Class E sites.

Class P - problem soils

Type of soil Description Class
Problems soils can be found at any site and can consist of any of
Rock Rock sites have no ground movement A
the following:
Sand Sand has little or no movement A
• rubbish dumps and uncontrolled fill
• soil with low bearing pressures (<50 kPa) Clay, slightly reactive Slight ground movements due to moisture S
changes
• loose sand
Clay, moderately reactive Moderate ground movements due to moisture M
• soft clay changes
• landslip zones Clay, highly reactive High ground movements due to moisture H
• mine subsidence areas changes
• swampy areas Clay, extremely reactive Extreme ground movements due to moisture E
changes
• erosion plains and gullies
Problem Sites which include soft soils, loose sands, P
• alluvial waterways (rivers, streams, creeks). landslip, mine subsidence, collapsing soils,
erosion, fill and abnormal moisture conditions
 Flat site/ Flat lots

On
Site

Sloping site/ Sloped sites

11
1. CONCRETE SLAB
Concrete slab floors suit many home designs and, when combined with
appropriate passive design, can provide thermal comfort and reduce energy
use. Concrete slabs offer high thermal mass. Thermal mass is useful in most
climates, particularly cool climates and those with a high day-night
temperature difference.

FOOTING & SLABS

Concrete has high embodied energy, but this can be offset by its
permanence. If reinforcement is correctly designed and placed, and if the
concrete is placed and compacted well so there are no voids or porous
areas, concrete slabs can have an almost unlimited lifespan.

12
CONCRETE SLAB SYSTEMS

1. Slab on ground:
Concrete floor supported on the ground and incorporating integral edge beams. (Sàn
bê tông được đỡ trên mặt đất và kết hợp với các dầm biên tích hợp)
2. Stiffened raft slab:
Concrete floor supported on the ground with a separately poured edge strip footing.
(Sàn bê tông được đỡ trên mặt đất bằng dải chân đế được đổ riêng biệt.)
3. Footing slab:
Concrete floor supported on the ground with a separately poured edge strip footing.
4. Waffle raft slab:
Stiffened raft with closely spaced ribs constructed on ground and with slab panels
suspended between ribs. (Bè cứng có các gân cách đều nhau được xây dựng trên
mặt đất và có các tấm ván được treo giữa các gân.)
5. Infill slab:
Slab cast on the ground between walls and with no stiffening beams.
6. Suspended slab:

FOOTING & SLABS

Suspended slabs are formed and poured in situ, with either removable or ‘lost’
nonloadbearing formwork, or permanent formwork that forms part of the
reinforcement.
7. Precast slab:
Precast slabs are manufactured off site and craned into place, either in finished form
or with an additional thin pour of concrete over the top.

13
SLAB ON GROUND FOOTING SLAB

SIFFENED RAFT SLAB WAFFLE RAFT SLAB

FOOTING & SLABS

CONCRETE SLAB – FLOOR SYSTEMS
14
 CONCRETE SLAB
SUSPENDED SLAP
FLOOR SYSTEMS

Permanent structural formwork for a suspended slab with top reinforcement in

place, ready for concrete pour FOOTING & SLABS
15
PRECAST SLAP
 CONCRETE SLAB – FLOOR SYSTEMS

Infill slab
SLAB ON GROUND
Footing remote from slab

Footing slab with connection between slab and footing Waffle raft slab
FOOTING SLAB 16
FOOTING & SLABS
 RAFT SLAB

A raft slab is a reinforced concrete slab on the ground that is strengthened with
integral concrete beams in both directions. Raft slabs in Australia are designed
to comply with Australian standard AS2870. Some construction companies call
the strengthening beams strip footings (because they run in parallel strips). The
beams around the outside are called edge beams.

17
 CONCRETE SLAB – RAFT SLAB

Specifications
AS 2870 is used to obtain the required minimum dimensions and specifications
for the depth, width and spacing of beams' slab thickness. The minimum
strength of concrete used in slabs is N20 grade (20 MPa). It contains 20 mm
aggregate and a slump of, typically, 80 mm.

The excavation depth of beams depends on:

• depth of adequate bearing soil below the surface
• depth of vegetation
• height of slab.

However, before the excavation of the slab begins, the entire area for the slab
must be scraped. This removes grass and other organic matter which can
decompose or shrink after a slab has been laid over it.

Typically a layer of approximately 100 - 150 mm is removed.

Finished concrete slab floor level

The height of the finished concrete slab floor level must be specified or
calculated before construction. The minimum recommended distance from the
top of the slab to the finished ground level (FGL) is 150 mm.
Bedding sand:
A layer of packing sand is placed between the stiffening beam locations. This allows a
firm level base for the slab and takes up any irregularities in the level of the site. Also,
sand is far cheaper than concrete.

The sand is screeded level and provides a good base for the plastic membrane. It is 18
typically laid to a minimum thickness of 50 mm.
WAFFLE SLAB
Waffle slabs are an innovative and cost-effective construction solution and one of the most popular
slab types for new homes throughout Australia. Some soil conditions will require additional
supports, such as bored piers or screw piles, to keep a home stable.

VAPOUR BARRIER
A vapour barrier is a plastic membrane laid
under the slab to improve its performance
against rising damp. It is also called a
'moisture barrier' because it stops the
moisture from the soil migrating into the
concrete slab. This must be placed under the
slab for all areas where there are to be
habitable rooms.

Care should be taken not to tear or puncture

the vapour barrier. Any tears that occur, and
joints, must be adequately taped.

19
FOOTING & SLABS
 & SLABS
FOOTING
20
Waffle Raft Slab =
Waffle Pod Slab
 CONCRETE SLAB
Edge rebates – Purpose
Where external walls are to be masonry veneer or full masonry, edge rebates
must be provided in the edge-stiffening beam. A check out from the edge beam
will create a ledge for the brick to rest on lower than the top of the slab. This is
an added precaution to prevent surface run-off water from entering the building.

The rebate must be flashed and weep holes provided in the masonry. The weep
holes must be spaced at a minimum distance of 1.2 metres to allow water to
drain out and away from the wall and the slab.

Edge rebates types

21
 DAMP PROOF COURSE IN
SLAB CONSTRUCTION
Damp proof course - Materials
Damp proof course materials are specified in the Australian Standard AS/NZS 2904:1995
'Damp-proof courses and flashings'. Various water resistant materials may be used as
damp proof coursing, including corrosion resistant metal, such as aluminium, copper or
zinc, and impact resistant plastics like polyethylene.

22
Supporting the reinforcement
Various types of bar-chairs are used to support the reinforcement. In turn, these provide the SLAB CONSTRUCTION
minimum amount of concrete edge cover.
Slab on ground plastic bar chairs
This type of bar chair is used for reinforcing slabs that are:
cast against the ground
on plastic sheeting.

Trench mesh support

This type of plastic bar chair is used in strip footings.

23
Square mesh SLAB CONSTRUCTION -
This is designated SL62, SL72, SL82, SL92 or Reinforcement
SL102. The first digit refers to the diameter of
the bars. The last digit refers to the spacing
of the bars.

For example:
Trench mesh
SL72 has diameter 7 mm bars, which are on a
This is designated as x-
grid of 200 mm apart.
L8TM, x-L11TM or x-
L12TM. The x is the
number of main bars.

For example:
3-L8TM has three bars,
which are 8 mm in
diameter.

4-L11TM has four bars,

which are 11 mm in
diameter.

24
 Lapping reinforcement
All forms of steel reinforcement must be lapped in accordance with AS 2870 requirements.
The overlaps should be held together with tie wire.

Square mesh lap

Square mesh lap has to be
overlapped by at least 225 mm.

Trench mesh laps

Where trench maps are joined end to end, they need to
be overlapped by at least 500 mm. Where they overlap
at T or L intersections the overlap should be the width
of the trench mesh.

Reinforcing bar lap

Reinforcing bar laps need to be overlapped by at least
25
500 mm.
SLAB CONSTRUCTION - Reinforcement
 SLAB CONSTRUCTION -
Reinforcement
Re-entrant reinforcement
Weak points occur where the concrete slab forms an internal corner because of the overall
shape of the building. This internal corner is referred to as a re-entrant corner. It must have
additional reinforcement as cracks are likely to develop from this point.

It is sufficient to use additional layers of trench mesh:

a minimum of 2 metres long
laid diagonally across the re-entrant corner.

26
 SLAB CONSTRUCTION –
Further details
The concrete must be kept moist immediately after finishing. This
ensures that the chemical bonding between the cement, aggregate
and sand occurs. Curing produces much stronger concrete and
minimises surface cracks.

Methods of curing the concrete slab include:

• soaking in water
• spraying with water mist
• covering with plastic or hessian
• spraying with chemical compounds.
Pouring concrete during extremely hot windy days should be avoided
as these conditions cause water loss.

27
Slabs on fill
Concrete slabs may be constructed on filled sites only where the placement SLAB CONSTRUCTION –
of the fill has been strictly controlled. This is referred to as 'controlled fill'. Further details
This means the fill material has been carefully selected and compacted in
accordance with the procedure set out in AS 2870.

Typically, coarse clean sandy soils are used for this purpose. They are
compacted by mechanical rollers. Appropriate amounts of moisture aid the
compaction process. The fill is laid down in layers not exceeding 150 mm in
thickness. Before the slab is constructed the minimum bearing pressure of
the fill must be tested.

Under no circumstances are slabs to be constructed on uncontrolled fill.

Uncontrolled fill consists of material that has not been compacted or has
been poorly compacted and contains a high portion of expansive clays. This
will result in excessive footing movement.

Thickening
Slab thickening may be incorporated into the slab where:
• load bearing internal walls occur
• the wall is more than 1 metre away form the nearest internal
stiffening beam.
This is done to strengthen this part of the slab. The slab thickness is
increased to 150 mm for a width of 500 mm.

28
 REFERENCE LINK
Concrete Slab Floor Part 3.2.5 Footing and slab construction
https://www.yourhome.gov.au/materials/concrete-slab- https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/2019-a1/ncc-2019-volume-two-
floors#:~:text=Concrete%20slab%20floors%20suit%20ma amendment-1/part-32-footings-and-slabs/part-325-footing-and
ny,high%20day%2Dnight%20temperature%20difference.
Comparison between Raft Slab and Conventional
Subfloor – Construction Basic https://qpod.net.au/news/qpod-raft-slab-or-conventional/
https://irp- Subfloor ventilation
cdn.multiscreensite.com/2909d05a/files/u
https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/2019-a1/ncc-2019-volume-two-
ploaded/VU22024.pdf
amendment-1/part-34-framing/part-341-subfloor-ventilation
https://www.flooringtech.com.au/unit2_insp_test_subfloors/section3_

FOOTING & SLABS

inspecting_subfloors/lesson5_checking_subfloor_ventilation.htm
Subfloor Material
https://deckbros.com/osb-as-
subfloor/#:~:text=Cost%2DEffective%3A%20OSB%20subfloor%20is,re
quiring%20proper%20sealing%20and%20protection.

29
 The Australian Standard AS 3660.1-1995 'Protection of new buildings from subterranean termites', and the Building Code of Australia both contain
instructions on how to construct a new building so as to minimise the risk of termite attack.

All new buildings must have their primary building elements (structural elements) built with termite resistant materials or be protected against
termite attack. FOOTING SYSTEMS
30 2024
TERMITES
Termite resistant materials include:
• steel, aluminium or other metals
• concrete
• masonry
• fibre-reinforced cement
• naturally termite resistant timbers
• treated termite resistant timbers.
The use of termite resistant materials must be
backed up by regular inspections and a maintenance
program.
Concrete slabs - Preventing termite entry with graded stone
Concrete slabs - A termite barrier Graded stone may be used to prevent termite entry. The stone is
finely crushed granite of a size difficult for termites to tunnel
Concrete slabs form part of the termite barrier. through. The graded stone is placed at likely entry points for
However, termites may be able to access timber termites, such as service penetrations and the perimeter
framing at the edges of the slab, around service
pipes and box-outs for plumbing fixtures or through
naturally occurring cracks in the concrete.

The majority of termite infestations occur at the

perimeter of the building. Leaving an exposed edge to
the perimeter of a concrete slab allows easy detection
of the presence of termites.

FOOTING SYSTEMS
31 2024
TERMITES
Concrete slabs - Preventing termite entry with steel mesh Concrete slabs - Preventing termite infestation with
Stainless steel mesh finely woven to a size that does not allow pesticides
termites to pass through can also be used to secure locations, Chemical pesticides can be sprayed under the slab
such as the perimeter or service pipes. area and to the external perimeter of the building. A
network of supply pipes may be placed under the slab
so that the pesticide can be replenished.

FOOTING SYSTEMS
32 2024
TERMITES
Suspended timber floors - Protection from termites
Timber floors can be protected from termites by
providing metal shields that force the termites out
into the open for easy detection. Adequate space
must be provided under the floor to allow for
inspection.

FOOTING SYSTEMS
33 2024
TERMITES
 Sub-floor framing includes the framework that eventually supports the flooring. A number of
systems can be used to construct a sub-floor frame. These include:

Conventional timber bearers and floor joists Long span engineered timber products Mild steel and cold-formed steel members

34 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2024

 Bearers are the first of the sub-floor frame members to be installed. They are
positioned over stumps, piers or other supports. In most cases they are timber,
however, a wide variety of engineered timber products are available. As well,
mild steel and cold-formed steel sections may be used to achieve greater spans.

The selection of a bearer size and stress grade depends on:

• whether the bearer is under a load bearing wall
• whether the bearer only supports floor loads
• the span of the bearer
• the spacing of the bearer.

AS 1684 'Residential timber framed construction' provides

an appropriate span table.
35 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2024
 Bearing Area: Floor joists are to have a minimum of 31mm of bearing at end
supports or butt joints and a minimum of 63mm of bearing at internal supports for
continuous members. Bearers are to have a minimum of 50mm of bearing at end
supports or butt joints and minimum of 100mm of bearing at internal supports for
continuous members.
36 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2024
 Span BEARERS
Bearers span across sub-floor supports with
a single span or continuous spans.
Support
Bearers must be attached to supports to provide
resistance against uplift and lateral movement.
Where bearers have to be joined, this should be
done over a support. However, this is not
necessary for some engineered products.

Notching
Where the bearers do not sit flat or are
irregular in shape they may be notched,
packed or planed to ensure they lay flat and
true. Spacing
Span does not refer to the length of a member. It refers to
Packing of minor deficiencies in depth is the maximum distance allowed between its supports.
permitted if the packing material is durable. Bearer spacing is the centre-to-centre distance between
consecutive bearers.

37 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2024

Ventilation
It is necessary to allow adequate ventilation and
ensure durability of the timber bearer. To do this a
minimum ground clearance from underside of Floor loads
bearer to finished ground level of 150 mm should Whether the bearers are supporting load bearing walls or
be maintained. This clearance must be increased to only floor loads, the area of the floor supported by an
200 mm where access space for termite inspection individual bearer must be determined. This is referred to as
is required. When particleboard flooring is installed the floor load width (FLW).
a clearance of 400 mm below the actual flooring is
required. Where the bearer supports load-bearing walls the type of
roof covering also needs to be determined. Tile roofs impart
a heavier dead load on the bearers than sheet roofs.

Bearers Position
Bearers are typically:
run in the long direction of a building
located under the side perimeter walls
equally spaced across the width of the building.

38 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2024

 Floor joists are the next series of members for the sub-floor frame. They are
supported by the bearers.

Typically the floor joists run over the tops of bearers, however, they may be
attached to the sides of bearers. Like bearers, floor joists may be single span or
continuous span. They can be made of timber or steel.

https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/floor-joist
39 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2024
FLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST

Position: Floor joists

run perpendicular to
the bearers and are
spaced closer The spacing of the floor joists depends on the spanning capacity of flooring being supported.
together. An example of this would be: South-eastern Australian hardwood, AS 2796, standard grade,
19 mm thickness, maximum spacing of joists 620/680 mm, butt joists, 470/520 mm end
matched.

40 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2024

FLOOR JOIST

41 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2024

 FLOORING
(BEAM & JOIST)
Standard floor joists are installed with 430mm space in between them and
90mm depth. However, if your joists are not 450mm wide (called 450
centres in the trade), you can still install insulation under your floor.

TIMBER
FLOORING
https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/2019-a1/ncc-2019-volume-two-
amendment-1/part-32-footings-and-slabs/part-325-footing-and
 Stumps / Posts are usually made of concrete or timber, although sometimes they can be built out of bricks and these are then called
'Piers'. A hole is dug to the required depth and width, and the stumps are then placed on either a concrete or timber sole plate. The
7
space around the stump is then backfilled with concrete or rammed earth.

Australian Standard 1684 (Timber Framing Manual) is the document that specifies the size of sole plates, size of holes and size of
stumps.
8 STUMP FOOTING — IN AREAS WITH A DESIGN WIND SPEED OF NOT MORE THAN N2

Stump footing material Length of stump (including Length of stump (including Length of stump (including
embedded length) embedded length) embedded length)
1400 mm or less 1401–1800 mm 1801–3000 mm

Concrete Minimum size: 100 mm × Minimum size: 100 mm × Minimum size: 125 mm ×
100 mm or 110 mm 100 mm or 110 mm 125 mm or 140 mm
diameter diameter diameter
Reinforcement: Reinforcement: Reinforcement:
Minimum number of 5 mm Minimum number of 5 mm Minimum number of 5 mm
hard drawn wires: 1 hard drawn wires: 2 hard drawn wires: 2

Steel Minimum size: 75 mm × 75 Minimum size: 75 mm × 75 Minimum size: 75 mm × 75

mm × 2.0 mm SHS mm × 2.0 mm SHS mm × 2.0 mm SHS

Timber Minimum size: 100 mm × Minimum size: 100 mm × Minimum size: 100 mm ×
100 mm or 110 mm 100 mm or 110 mm 100 mm or 110 mm
diameter diameter diameter
 PAD FOOTINGS FOR CLAD FRAME, CLASS A AND S SITES
9

Effective Width of Width of Thickness (t) Depth (mm)

supported square pad circular pad (mm)
2
areas (m ) (mm) (mm)
10 400 500 200 400
20 500 600 200 400
30 600 750 250 400
10
11

https://www.porta.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Porta-
Cumaru-Guide-to-Residential-Decking-FINAL-Feb-2018.pdf

https://www.timberqueensland.com.au/Docs/Members%20Section/TD
S%202016/04_ResidentialTimberDecks_final.pdf
12

DESK
FRAMING
13
BASEBOARDS SUBFLOOR
 SUBFLOOR VENTILATION Subfloor ventilation is a system that helps to extract the damp
air from your home and allows fresh air to enter places under
14 the floor. It's installed within your subfloor space preventing
https://www.buildmagazine.org.nz/assets/PDF/B96-34-SubfloorVent.pdf excessive moisture from seeping into your home
15
WALL FRAMING

https://pryda.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Pryda-Bracing-Design-Guide-2022.pdf
 BRACING
16 https://www.conpro.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Interpretation-of-
external-Std-for-Melbourne.pdf

https://www.mitek.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GN-
Guideline-217.pdf
 BRACING
17
 "Weepholes shall be provided to drain
18
moisture from or through masonry
construction. Where flashings are
incorporated in the masonry, weepholes
shall be provided in the masonry course
immediately above the flashing, at centres
not exceeding 1200 mm."

According to Australian Standards and to

avoid any obstructions, weep holes should
have at least 75mm clearance from the
ground. During an inspection, the
inspector will make sure that no raised
path, garden bed or decking is blocking
the weep holes. This is so they won't
hinder moisture from escaping the house.
19

Where articulation is beside a window, it must extend from the damp-proof course, along the edge of the window to the top of the
brickwork or soffit.

Joints must have a width of at least 10mm and must be adequately weatherproofed.

Builders should consult with their window suppliers during the specification and/or design stage to ensure joints are suitably flashed.

Note that articulation joints are not required on sites with A and S soil classifications.
20
WALL CLADDING
22

Steel Wall
Cladding
Weather
board

Fibre Cement
Timber Weather
Cladding boards
23

100mm Boards

Vertical Look

150mm Boards

Horizontal Look

200mm Boards

Curved Cladding
24

Weatherboards are a type of cladding. They're long

planks which are installed horizontally and overlap each
other. The top of the board is attached to a structural
wall or frame. The bottom of the board overlaps the
board below by 25 to 30mm.

While weatherboard cladding was traditionally made from

timber, in more recent years modern, cheaper, and
higher performancce alternatives have become more
popular, including PVCu and fibre cement cladding.
Fix Corner Details - Timber Cladding - Vastern Timber
 WEATHER BOARDS
25

https://assets.ctfassets.net/rg5y
8r6t6cjr/ya07ZSNpUXtojQMGCm0
2g/3a024937f8dec29e026d9922
0fdad6e7/Linea_Weatherboards_I
nstallation_Guide_Apr23.pdf
26
 https://metalcsystems.com.au/index.php/standing-seam-snaplock-nailstrip-cladding-systems/
27
 RENDER WALL CLADDING
28
 RENDER WALL CLADDING
29
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31 TRUSS/ ROOF
 TRUSS/ ROOF
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 TRUSS/ ROOF https://qbis.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Roof-Structures-Explained1.pdf
34
https://www.housebuild.com/construction/building-guidelines/roof-level/trusses

https://pryda.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Pryda-Roof-Truss-Installation-Guide.pdf
 TRUSS/ ROOF

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 TRUSS/ ROOF COLORBOND ROOF
36

METAL ROOF
SARKING
 TRUSS/ ROOF COPPER ROOFING
37 & ZINC CLADDING
 SKYLIGHT ROOF
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TRUSS/ ROOF
GLAZING SYSTEM
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 https://aluminiumwindowsup
42 pliers.com.au/wp-
content/uploads/2018/05/AS
1288_2006-
aluminiumwindowsuppliers-
1.pdf
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