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What Is Unix OS

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Ratikanta Pradhan
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16 views

What Is Unix OS

Uploaded by

Ratikanta Pradhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is unix OS ? Different between unix and other os?

->UNIX is a powerful, multi-user, multitasking operating system originally developed in the


1960s and 1970s at Bell Labs by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. It has become
the foundation for many modern operating systems, including Linux, macOS, and BSD-based
systems.
Features of Unix OS
Open Source:-Free software along with source code and documentation 2) multitasking:-
capable of running multiple applications and process at the same time 3)multiuser:- allows
multiple users to login and use the resources at the same time 4) portability it can be installed
on all hardware architecture 5) scalability:- same operating system can be used on desktop to
a supercomputer 6)reliability:- large servers have been successfully being running without a
single second of downtime 7) security:- inbuilt firewall iptables and a SE Linux.
Architecture of unix os:-
The unix operating system architecture mainly contains some of the component such as
kennel, System Libraries, hardware and shell interface
Kernel:- it is responsible for each of the major action of the linux operating system these
operating system content different type of module and co-operate with hardware directly
there are various types of kernel such as monolithic kernel micro kernel, exo kernel, hybrid
kernel ,
system library:- is it can be specified as some special function for implementing the
operating system functionality and do not need code access right of the module of kernel
system utility program:- it is responsible for doing specialized level and individual activity
hardware layer:- Linux operating system contents and hardware layer that consists of
several peripheral devices like cpu ssd ram sale sale is interface between users and Cornell it
is the interpreter to execute the command from user interface to kernel

2) what is process ? what are the types of process ? how to run a process, how to
kill a process
The running instance of a program is known as process a program/command when executed,
a special instance is provided by the system to the process there are two types of process i)
foreground process ii) background process
i) foreground process:- Every process when started runs in foreground by default, receives
input from the keyboard, and sends output to the screen. When issuing pwd command $ ls
pwd
O/P:- $ /home/geeksforgeeks/root
Background Process: It runs in the background without keyboard input and waits till
keyboard input is required. Thus, other processes can be done in parallel with the process
running in the background since they do not have to wait for the previous process to be
completed.
Adding & along with the command starts it as a background process
$ pwd &
Since pwd does not want any input from the keyboard, it goes to the stop state until moved to
the foreground and given any data input. Thus, on pressing Enter:
Output:
[1] + Done pwd
$
How to run a process:-
To run a process :- vi helloworld.c, gcc helloworld.c, ./a.out
How to kill a process:-
To kill a process:- kill -9 pid
3) What is user ? types of user ? how to create a user and how to delete a user?
And what is the cmd to granting a user
Ans:- In UNIX, a user is an entity that can log into the system and execute commands. Each
user is assigned a unique user ID (UID) and associated with a home directory, a default
shell, and other permissions to access system resources like files and directories.
Users are classified into different types, each with varying levels of access to system
resources.
Superuser (Root)
->The root user (UID 0) has unrestricted access to the system.->Can perform
administrative tasks such as installing software, modifying system files, changing user
permissions, and accessing all files and directories.The root user is often referred to as the
superuser.
Regular User
->Regular users have limited access to system resources.
->They can only access files and directories they own or that have appropriate permissions.
->Each regular user has their own home directory (/home/username).
System Users (Service Accounts)
->These users are created for running specific services like databases, web servers, and
system processes.->They often don’t have login privileges and are used by the system to run
background processes.
Create a user: - useradd username , passwd username
Delete a user: - userdel username
Granting a user:- usermod -aG sudo username

Q) what is disk quota?


The Diskquota limits the amount of disk space and the number of files a user or a group. it is
manage using tools like ED quota and REP quota to set and monitor these limits
Q) What is file quota?
A file quota is a limit set on the amount of disk space that a user or group can use on a file
system
Q) Hardlink vs Soft Link?
A hard link is a direct pointer to the data of a file sharing the same incode or index a soft link
is a reference to another file by its path acting like a shortcut.
Q) what is file system and layout
-> A file system is a method an operating system uses to store, organize, and manage files
and directories on a storage device. Some common types of file systems include:
 FAT (File Allocation Table): An older file system used by older versions of Windows
and other operating systems.
 NTFS (New Technology File System): A modern file system used by Windows. It
supports features such as file and folder permissions, compression, and encryption.
 ext (Extended File System): A file system commonly used on Linux and Unix-based
operating systems.
 HFS (Hierarchical File System): A file system used by macOS.
 APFS (Apple File System): A new file system introduced by Apple for their Macs and
iOS devices.

->A file system is a set of files, directories, and other structures. File systems maintain
information and identify where a file or directory's data is located on the disk.

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